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第二篇：曲阜师范大学 20xx 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

曲阜师范大学 2009 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题学科、专业名称：英语语言文学：外国语言学与应用语言学注意事项 1.考试题共 6 页。2．答案必须写在答题纸上，写明题号，不用抄题。3. 试题与答题纸一并交上。4. 须用蓝、黑色钢笔或签字笔作答，字迹清晰。考试科目名称 ： 基础英语 I. Reading comprehension. (15X2=30%) Directions: There are three passages with 15 questions, read the passages and choose the best answer for each question from the given choices A, B, C or 13, then write the answers on your answer sheet. Passage One Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo?`s 17h century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake?`s harsh remarks against the mechanistic woridview of lsaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century. Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics-but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “ anti-science” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a Biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meeting such as “ The Flight from Science and Reason,”held in New York City in 1995, and “ Science in the Age of (Mis) information,”which assembled last June near Buffalo. Anti-science clearly means different things to different people. Cross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science?`s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination ot?` the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research. Few would dispute that the tent applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest. The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of indust

rial growth. indeed, some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “ The term ??anti-science?` can lump together too many, quite difterent things,”notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science, “ They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy Or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”I. The word “ schism”(Line 4, paragraph I) in the context probably means_______ A. confrontation B. dissatisfaction C. separation D. contempt 2. Paragraph 2 and 3 are written to _______ A. discuss the cause of the decline of science?`s power B. show the author?`s sympathy with scientists C. explain the way in which science develops U-exemplify the division of science and the humanities 3. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A- Environmentalists were blame for anti-science in an essay. B. Politicians are not subject to the labeling of anti-science. C. The “ more enlightened”tend to tag others as anti-science. D. Tagging environmentalists as “ anti-science”is justifiable. 4. Which of the following statements is not true according to the article? A. Although the scientific community was very powerful, it can no longer ignore its critics. B. The 1996?`s survey reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups. C. Science has had an unharmonious relationship with other aspects of culture. D. Paul Gross and Carl Sagan are anti-scientists. 5. The author?`s attitude toward the issue of “ science vs. anti-science”is. A. impartial B. subjective C. biased D. puzzling Passage two In helping to educate a student for adult work and adult life, American schools strive. above all, to be practical. Jophn Dewey?`s philosophy, which claims that the only worthwhile knowledge is knowledge that can be used, had greatly influenced American educators. They do not want to teach useless facts which will quickly be forgotten; they want to teach attitudes and skills which will help produce useful, responsible, happy adults. No longer are educators content to teach just reading, writing, and arithmetic. Typical grammar school and high school programs now include science, social studies, art, music, and sports--subjects which help students live in the world with greater understanding and enjoyment. In the years ahead, more labor--saving devices will allow adults to do household chores more quickly and easily. More automation will probably lead to a shorter work week for most workers. Leisure time will increase for working adults and, as life expectancy increases, more Americans will spend more years as retired, elderly people. The schools, therefore, have a new obligation: to educate for productive use of leisure time. Modem educators also feel that the school must fill important educational gaps left by the home. Therefore, it is not uncommon for the curr

iculum to include a campaign against cigarette smoking, a course in driving an automobile, cooking and sewing classes, advice on hygiene and grooming, and sex education, Schools consider it their job to educate the whole child, his mind and his body, his intellect and his emotions, to cope successfully with adult responsibilities as wage earners, parents, and citizens. Dewey also influenced teaching techniques. Education must be meaningftil and children learn best by doing - these are the basic tenets of progressive education. Thus, science is taught largely through student experimentation; the study of music involves making music; democratic principles are put into practice in the student council; group projects involving student leadership encourage creativity, individual initiative, and teamwork. 6. Teachers in America think that reading, writing and arithmetic A. are extremely important in helping students get prepared for adult work and adult life B. will provide more chances for students to find well-paid jobs after graduation from school C. are not enough for a student?`s whole education ID. are not necessary in helping students become useful, responsible, happy adults 7. The word “ tenets”in Line 2 of the last paragraph can be replaced by A. doctrine B. endowment C. decree ID. verification 8. It is known from the passage courses such as driving, sewing or cooking are A. usually taught by students?` parents B. common in American school program C. often neglected by most American schools D. only taken by those students who are interested in them 9. Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage? A. American high school education programs include a variety of subjects. B. Working adults will have more leisure time as a result of more automation. C. American students gain knowledge through practice. D. As life expectancy increase, retiring age in American will be lengthened accordingly. 10. This is a passage about ______ A. teaching techniques in USA B. school life in America C. principles of American progressive education D. Dewey?`s influence on American education Passage three A quarter of parents are forced to raid their household budgets to pay for extra tuition in basic GCSE subjects, despite fees of up to ?ê25 an hour. Research from Mon. published today, shows that 24% of pupils in England and Wales are taking after-school classes by the time they reach the age of 16, proot according to critics, that the secondary school system is failing. The figures don?`t even include piano lessons or other leisure activities. Instead, parents are paying out for help in the essentials: English, maths and science. The research, covering more than 2,700 pupils, was sponsored by Sir Peter Lampl, the millionaire businessman and govemment adviser, It concludes that families from minority ethnic groups are more likely to have paid for extra lessons than their white counterpar

ts, and that the most popular subject is maths. How much advantage is gained, however, is open to question. Boys seem to benefit the most, according to an earlier survey by London University?`s Institute of Education. This showed that, on average, the grades of those boys receiving extra help went up by 0.4%, enough to turn a GCSE ID-grade into a C. But girls who had received out-of-school lessons showed little if any improvement. The use of private tuition to bolster schooling has become a burgeoning industry. Famously, it was revealed nearly three years ago that Tony Blair and his wife Cheire had hired private tutors from the elite Westminster School to coach their two older sons, even though they attend the London Oratory School, a high-performing state school. Sir Peter, chairman of the Sutton Trust educational charity, said: “ The proportion of secondary school children receiving private tuition, particularly in their last year of compulsory schooling, is incredibly high. It shows that many parents who can?`t afford independent school fees are nevertheless prepared to pay something towards theirchildren?`s education.”Sir Peter is pressing ministers to pay for bright children to attend private sector schools with strong academic traditions. His charity pays for an “ Open Access”scheme at the private Beledere Girls?` School in Liverpool. David Cameron, the Conservative education spokesman tipped by many as a contender to lead the party, said: “ There?`s a lack of rigor in many parts of the education system and parents find themselves increasingly frustrated. These figures reflect that. Schools are not doing enough to stretch bright children or those in danger of falling behind.”A spokesman for the Department for Education and Skills said there is a new focus on providing lessons “ tailored”to the needs of individual pupils. “ The Government has a clear commitment to stretching the most able and giving additional help to those at risk of failing behind,”he said. 11. What does the passage talk about? A. The burgeoning industry of private tuition B. One in four parents pay for extra tuition. C. The failing of secondary education in Britain. D. Those who will benefit from the private tuition. 12. Research shows ______ are more likely to pay for extra lessons for their children. A. the millionaire businessmen B. the underclass people C. the whites D. minority ethnic groups 13. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Parents are paying out for help in English. B. The use of private tuition to bolster schooling has become a burgeoning industry. C. Tony Blair and his wife hired private tutors for their two elder sons. D. Girls seem to benefit the most from the private tuition. 14. What?`s the government?`s commitment to the problem? A. To raise the pay of the middle-school teachers. B. To strengthen the management of private tuition. C. To stretch the most ab

le and give additional help to those at risk of falling behind. D. To invest more education fee to the secondary education. 15. What does the word “ tailored”mean in the last paragraph? A. A piece of clothing that is tailored is made to fit very well. B. Made or done specially for someone?`s particular need or situation. C. Affected or influenced by something dishonest or morally wrong. D. having a natural ability to do something well. LI. Closing. (10 X 2=20%) Directions: There is a passage with 10 blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from the list of the 15 given choices. Each one will be used ONLY ONCE. approach clues willing means compliment considerable particularly thoroughly denies direct information discover reveal freely normal In China it is relatively usual to ask people their age, but in the west this question is generally regarded as impolite This is 1 true with women, and even more so if the inquirer is a man. However, it is very 2 to ask children their age, and some adults may not mind being asked either. In fact, some elderly people are quite happy to 3 the age, especially if they feel they look young for their age. Nevertheless, it is not very wise to ask a 4 question like “ How old are you??±. If elderly people want to talk about their age, and perhaps receive a 5 on how young they look, they may easily bring up the topic themselves and ask the other to guess how old they are. In such a situation, it is quite acceptable to discuss age 6 . Even though Westerners do not usually ask people directly how old they are, this not necessarily 7 . that they are not interested to know how old other people are. They may ask someone else for the information, or else they may try to . 8 the topic indirectly, sometimes discussions about educational background and the number of years of working experience may provide some 9 , but this is not always the case. Of course, individuals also vary in what they are interested or 10 to talk about. III. Questions to answer after reading. (5X210%) Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage careJidly then write the answer on the answer sheet. The economic costs to society of noise are several. Airports are currently operating at less than capacity because of noise regulations which restrict their hours of operation. For instance, at Washington?`s National Airport no jet traffic is allowed from II p.m. to 7a.m. Other airports restrict the use of certain runways. One estimate is that noise restrictions reduce possible airport use by 20 per cent. And the profitable cargo trade is especially affected by night restrictions. In the case of airports , jet engines may be modified to reduce their noise level, or insulation from air traffic noise may be provided by the purchase of land around airports or the insulation of buildings. One estimate is that $5.7 billion

would be required to equip all existing jet engines with noise control devices. However, considering the current state of the art, even asking this step will not reduce noise levels at all points to acceptable values. Some combination of methods is probably necessary. If all aircraft were made quieter by existing methods, there would be a member of economic benefits. A decrease in the right-of-way needed for airports would be possible, and an increase in airport capacity would occur. Property values near airports might rise. Transportation costs to and from airports could be reduced since the airports now could be located closer to population centers. Much research still needs to be done on the economic aspects of noise decrease and noise effects. Although some of the effects of noise pollution are known, more must be discovered about its effects on health, productivity, property values and the quality of life. Further more, the cost of noise pollution control to the economy as a whole as a whole needs to be illuminated. The public must be alerted to the dangers and economic costs of noise pollution so that people may make intelligent choices and exert appropriate pressures. Questions to be answered: I. Why is jet traffic not allowed to operate at Washington?`s National Airport from 11p.m. to 7a.m.? 2. What does the word “ art”probably mean in the second paragraph? 3. Give one of the main results of the rise of property values near airports. 4. According to the passage, what is the people?`s attitude toward noise pollution? 5. A suitable title for this passage would be _______ IV. Translation. (2X30 = 60%) A. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (30%) Let me come to the point boldly; what governs the Englishman is his inner atmosphere, the weather in his soul. It is nothing particularly spiritual or mysterious. When he has taken his exercise and is drinking his tea or his beer and lighting his pipe; when, in his garden or by his fire, he sprawls in an aggressively comfortable chair; when well-washed and well-brushed, he resolutely turns in church to the east and recites the Creed without in the least implying that he believes one word of it; when he hears or sings the most crudely sentimental and thinnest of popular songs, unmoved but not disgusted; when he makes up his mind who is his best friend or his favorite poet; when he adopts a party or a sweetheart; when he is hunting or shooting or boating, or striding through the fields; when he is choosing his clothes or his profession --- never is it a precise reason, or purpose, or outer fact that determines him; it is always the atmosphere of his inner man. To say that this atmosphere was simply a sense of physical well-being, of coursing blood and a prosperous digestion, would be far too gross; for while psychic weather is all that, it is also a witness to some settled disposition, some ripening inclination for this or that, deeply rooted in the soul. It

gives a sense of direction in life which is virtually a code of ethics, and a religion behind religion. B. Translate the following Chinese into English. (30%) 七年以后，霍桑 (Hawthorne)又在他的笔记里提到了这个象征。从 1847年起，他开始写这部后来成为他最伟大成就的《红字》。这一类的字母，在殖民时期的新英格兰的确有人戴过。根据记载。用D代表醉鬼，用I表示乱伦（incrst）。它们正好给霍桑提供了他能够处理的“教训于实质”结合起来的素材，在这里有一个具体化了的“典型”，也有“公共的秘密”。可是，尽管有了一个几乎完美的结构，很少有伟大的著作像他这部作品那样迟迟不能成书。经济上的的烦恼使他不能把全部精力放在这本书上。他还为这本书的“地狱之火”性质发愁，为了使它更加生动，他还在书前写了一篇描写塞勒姆海关 (the Salem Custon House)的长序 (preamble). 此外，除了不成熟的《范肖》(Fanshawe)，他从来没有写过比杂志小说更长的作品。然而，这部终于完成了的作品却是一部杰作。《红字》是一部极其经济的小说。它只有三个主要人物—— 如果我们把小女孩珍珠计算在内，也不过四个 。这二个主要人物是珍珠的母亲，赫斯特 普林（Hester prynne），(adulteress):她的毫不容情的丈夫和珍珠的生父，虔诚的青年牧师阿瑟 (Arthur Dininesdale),他因为没有公开认罪，一直为自己的罪孽而痛苦者。那个艳丽夫人做母亲的霍斯特，由于勇于赎罪，活到平静的晚年但是两个男人却在出苦受难，一个受良心的谴责，另一个困在报复的烈火V. Writing (30%) Credibility is a kind of topic frequently mentioned by everyone today. How do you think about it? If one wants to gain achievement, how should he do? Write a-400-word-article to discuss your opinion about Credibility, and how to follow the Principle of Credibility in our daily life.