小学校长培训班学习总结
林甸县第一小学 王彩霞
参加此次校长培训班，先后聆听了专家学者的讲座，还参观考察了大庆市两所兄弟学校。在培训期间，既有理论对我的引领，又有实践的学习交流。使我充分地理解了校长应具备的理论素养和能力素质，充分地理解了校长要善于转换角色、具有独特的办学理念，学校才有生机和活力。对这次培训我体会如下：
一、校长要设计好学校的品牌
俗话说：“有什么样的校长，就有什么样的学校”。校长的工作对学校全局起指导、组织、协调和统揽作用。校长对学校的领导，首先是教育思想的领导、业务上的指导，其次才是行政管理。
要当好一名校长，首先必须勤于学习，学习是最好的导师，不学习是落后的象征。
要当好一名校长，其次就要当好“班长”，带好“班子”，指挥好队伍。一名好的校长首先必须要有良好的服务意识，当好师生的公仆，站起来能当伞，俯下去能做牛，正确处理好班子间的工作、生活关系。当好主管而不主观，处事果断而不武断，充分听取大家的意见和建议，做到互相支持不撤台。
要当好一名校长，再次就是要心中树立六种观念：全面观念、发展观念、人才观念、素质观念、服务观念、竞争观念；六种意识：政治意识、大局意识、公共意识、特色意识、未来意识、育人意识；弘扬两种精神：奉献精神、贡献精神。
要当好一名校长，最后要把岗位当作干事的平台，精心谋事，在想
干事、会干事上下功夫。事无俱细，一项一项完成，一步一个脚印往前走。在事业上要用心、用力、用德。
二、校长要提高管理水平
要全面提高教育教学质量，就必须提高校长的管理水平。一所学校质量的高低，是否有竞争力，关键看这所学校校长的管理能力。这次培训让我更进一步的了解和掌握了管理工作的三点要求：
1、目标定位：作为一名校长，首先必须认真统计所在地的总人口、学龄人口，从而制定短期、中期学校建设的目标，师资的配备，根据当地教育发展的实际制定质量目标。质量目标制定后首先找到比的坐标；其次找到质量的内涵；第三是质量的类型。
2、教育理性：校长要有明确的理念，有科学的“发展观”、正确的“人才观”，全面理性的“育人观”。无论是大会还是小会，让他深存于教师；掌握主线，找准新的质量增长点；改变增长方式，分析各位教师的潜力，做到思想工作与严格管理结合起来，大胆管理，严格管理，用规章、用情感管人。
3、管理策略：
（1）人事管理:调整激励机制。由于激励机制的合理调整，从而最大限度的调动了全体教职工教书育人的积极性和主动性，学校的各项工作人人争着做。
（2）教学管理：校长工作的核心是务必狠抓教育质量，质量是学校的生命线，是学校的立足之本，是师生的荣誉。作为一名合格的校长应严格执行课程方案，努力做到有所突破。
（3）环境管理：为让师生有一个安静、干净良好的生活和学习环境，
学校根据自己的实际制定出相应的管理措施和方案，做到环境育人。
（4）后勤管理：俗话说“兵马未动，粮草先行”。因而学校的后勤应以“服务师生”为宗旨，“服务教学”为目标。“民以食为天”，因而学校更进一步的加强食堂的管理，真正起到保障作用。
（5）安全管理：安全重于泰山。工作重点之一是“确保学校安全稳定”。为确保安全管理做到“三个落实”，学校根据上级有关的文件精神，结合学校实际，制定出了关于学校安全的各项规章制度，做到“制度落实、责任落实、措施落实”。工作重点之二是“确保寄宿制学生人生安全、饮食卫生安全”。
三、校长要注意文化建设的转变
一些校长未能树立文化治校的管理理念，凭借经验治校，依然奉行着经验主义。如今我国的基础教育已在全国绝大部分地区完成了九年义务教育的普及，可以说已基本上完成了量上的扩张进入质的发展阶段，许多学校也已走上了内涵发展的道路。由此，学校之间的竞争从表面的教学设施、教师与学生人数等方面的竞争，转向更深层次的学校文化的竞争。学校管理仅凭经验的人治已不能适应强烈的竞争态势，不能满足时代教育的发展需要，必须文化治校，文化立校，促使学校科学、可持续地发展。
总而言之，通过这次培训，我进一步明确了“一个好校长是成就一所好的学校”的深刻内涵。在今后的教育教学工作实践中我会“以人为本”，转换观念，努力工作，不断深化学校体制改革，健全各种规章制度，做到人性化管理，努力办人民满意的学校，全面提升我校的综合竞争能力，力争将我校办成一所学生向往、家长认可、政府满意的学校。
第二篇：学案：王彩霞 (1)
Unit 1 of Book 7 living well 语法导学案
--------动词不定式的用法
编写人：王彩霞 时间：2013.2.26 课型：新授 课时：3
班级： 姓名：小组：
动词不定式由：“to +动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式具有名词特征，可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。
时态与语态
1． 动词不定式的时态
动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种时态变化形式，一般式和完成式有被动语态变化形式。
动词不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的，具体表现在：
1)不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动作之后或同时发生。例如： My parents have made plans to spend their holidays in Hainan next week. (to spend发生在made plans之后)
2)不定式的进行式表示其动作正在进行，与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。例如： When her parents came back last night, she happened to be doing her homework.
3)不定式的完成式表达下列意义：
(1)不定式的完成式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动作之前。例如：
They are said to have just finished cleaning their bedrooms. (to have just finished发生在they are said所表示的时间之前)
(2)不定式的完成式用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等词后，表示未曾实现的愿望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。to have+过去分词表示动作，to have been表示状态。例如： 1
I meant to have dropped in at your office. (但没来)
(3)用在seem, appear, think, consider, believe等后，表示动作先于另一个动作发生。例如： I seem to have met her at a party before. (met在seem之前发生)
(4)在should like或would like后用不定式完成式表示没有实现的愿望。例如： I would like to have seen her expression when she heard the news. (但没有看到)
4)不定式的完成进行式表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，而且一直进行着。例如： He looked too young to have been traveling to several countries.
他看上去太年轻，不像已经到过好几个国家的人。
2． 动词不定式的被动语态
在不定式中，如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的执行者时，不定式要用主动语态；如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用被动语态。试比较：
The teacher asked the students to go out for some fresh air. (主动式)
The celebrations have to be put off because of the stormy weather. (被动式)
难点：
难点一、形式上主动，意义上被动的不定式
1． 在there be+主语中，不定式用作定语修饰名词或代词，并同所修饰的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。例如：
There is no money to buy such useless things.
There are a lot of trees to plant.
2． 在“名词(代词)+be easy(difficult, fit等形容词)+不定式结构”中，有时尽管主语是动作的承受者，不定式在意义上是被动，形式上却是主动，这时可以看成省略了动词逻辑主语for us, for me, for you等。例如：The problem is not easy to work out.
The new student is hard to get along with.
3． 如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的执行者，不定式和它所修饰的名词虽然在逻辑上有动宾关系，也必须用主动语态，因为逻辑主语跟不定式的关系更为直接。例如： The people there have little to eat or use.
分析：句子主语The people在逻辑上是不定式to eat or use动作的执行者，不定式to eat or use和它修饰的名词little在逻辑上是动宾关系，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The old man has a lot to show off.
分析：句子主语the old man在逻辑上是不定式to show off动作的执行者，不定式to show 2
off和它修饰的名词a lot在逻辑上是动宾关系，用主动形式表示被动意义。
4． 在too?to和enough to结构中，不定式可以用主动语态表示被动意义。例如： The suitcase is too heavy to carry.
The glass necklace is cheap enough to buy.
5． blame的不定式作表语时，用主动语态表示被动的意义，含义不同。例如：
As the accident is so serious that some leaders are to blame. (=you were in fault你应负责任)
6． something, little, what, much, a great deal to do等作句子主语，作表语时，不定式可用主动语态表示被动意义。例如：
The couple have just come back from the holiday, so a lot of house- work remains to do. What is to do tonight?
7． to let表示“出租”，作表语时，可用“to be let”形式，但含义有些差别。例如： The empty house is to let. 此房出租。(从房屋主人的立场讲话，由房子主人亲自向租房人说或登出广告)
The empty house is to be let. (从房屋本身来说，代理人向租房人讲话)
不定式做主语 不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作
To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.To do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋不定式
It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.
b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, one's duty, an honor, a shame, no easy job...)＋不定式
It is a waste of time to read that kind of book.
It is a pity to have to go without her.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...) ＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
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It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
不定式作表语 不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。
The most important thing for one's health is to have plenty of exercise.
What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
不定式作宾语 不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。常见的带不定式作宾语的动词，begin, continue, hope, decide, want, wish, try, learn, afford, agree, manage, refuse等等。
He wanted to go.
I find it interesting to study English.
I have learned to adapt to my disability.(P2)
不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中:
主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。
We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
I think it important to learn English well in college.
使用这种句型的常见动词有：
believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。
宾语补足语
He asked you to call him at ten o'clock.
The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do.
I'd never allow my children to behave like that.
Jim told Li Ming to give his best wishes to everybody.
注意：当不定式放在下列动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to。
常用口诀如下：五看三室（使）两厅（听）一感觉
五看: watch ; observe ; look at ; see ; notice
三使: make ; let ; have
二听: listen to ; hear
一感觉 : feel
Whenever something is wrong with you, please do let me know.
I will have the students write a passage about Internet.
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It seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.
作定语 不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面。
Let us give him something to eat.
He is looking for a room to live in.
The family village website gives ordinary young people with a disability the chance to tell their personal stories.(P2)
作状语 表目的，原因，结果或条件。
①目的状语可用：in order to, so as to
I came here to see you.
Check your composition so as to avoid mistakes.
Next year he will be trained to be a teacher.(P1)
②结果状语可用：enough to, so?as to, too?to, only to?
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.
Some days I was too tired to get out of bed.(P2)
③原因状语可用：sb.+ adj.+to do
I am glad to help you.
She was proud to have recently represented her country.(P1)
④条件状语
To look at him, you would like him.
作表语
My job is to help patients.
His ambition is to become an actor.(P1)
作独立成分
To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you.
常见的词还有：to be frank(坦白地说)，to be exact（确切地说）, to begin with(首先)。 注意： 不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。
She could do nothing but cry.
What do you like to do besides swimming?
I have no choice but to accept the fact.
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为了避免重复，有时候不定式可省去to。
I’m really puzzled what to think or say.
不定式作表语时，在下列情况下可省略to：
①当含do的定语从句或含do的不定式修饰all, all that thing, the only(first, last) thing,且它们是该主句（该句）的主语时，作表语的不定式的to可省去。
All we do is (to) work.
All that thing I want to do now is (to) drink some water.
The only thing to do is (to) run away.
The first thing to do is (to) have breakfast.
②当主语时含do的主语从句时，作表语的不定式的to 可省。
What I want to do is (to) take a holiday.
What you do now is (to) bring me a cup of tea.
③当主语是以动词say作谓语的定语从句所修饰的all时，作表语的不定式的to可省。 All they said is hurry up.
链接高考【考例1】I send you 100 dollars, the rest________ in a year.(05湖南)
A.follows B. followed C. to follow D. being following
【答案与解析】C。逻辑主语the rest与follow之间的关系为逻辑上的主动关系，故排除B.D两项。而A项follows为谓语动词，题干句逗号后没有连词不能跟句子，因此也被排除。句中的in a year暗示将来，所以用不定式表将来作逻辑谓语，与the rest构成独立主格结构。
【考例2】---The last one _____ pays the meal. 07全国 ----Agreed!
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
【答案与解析】C。最后到的人付饭钱。同意！题干选项应在句中作定语，修饰the last one,当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词后带定语时，此定语应由不定式充当，所以选项A,B,D均被排除。此句也可说成The last to arrive pays the meal.
【考例3】_______ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.
A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
【答案与解析】 C。本题考查动词不定式表目的。
【考例4】Frank’s dream was to have his own shop_____ to produce the workings of his own hands.
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A. that B. in which C. by which D. how （05湖南）
【答案与解析】B。介词+which +不定式作定语，其作用和定语从句差不多。在商店里要用in。
巩固练习：
1. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight. （07江西）
A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained
2.________ the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.（07上海）
A. To ensure B. Ensuring C. Having ensured D. To have ensured
3.He hurried to the station only______ that the train had left.(05广东)
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
4.Sandy could do nothing but ______ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit
5. Helen had to shout_________ above the sound of the music.（04山东）
A．making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
6.There is nothing more I can try______ you to say, so I wish you good luck.
A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade
7.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.
A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break
8.There are five pairs_______, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be choose B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
9.I suggested the thief_______ into prison.
A. referred to being putB. referred be put C. referred to be put D. referred should be put
10.His feature story opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each_____ one major point in contrast with the other.
A. makes B. made C. is to make D. making
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