1、奶奶迅速瞥了一眼墙上的时钟，发出一声惊呼：“天哪，我们要赶不上火车了。”

At the clock on the wall, Grandma a cry, “Oh, My dear , we’re going to miss the train!”

2、昏暗的路灯下站着一个哭泣的小女孩

In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl

3、从上个月起，我的工作就是围绕日常办公事务转，所以现在每天掰着手指算什么时候才到国庆节：我和朋友要去乡下远足呢！

Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside.

4、我把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人

I built all my hopes on his promise, only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all.

5、情人节是个一年一度在2月14日庆祝的节日，一个向心仪的对象表达爱意的好日子

Valentine’s Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect day to express love to the object of your

6、爱情需要培养，我们梦想拥有的“永恒的爱情”只有在双方学会欣赏对方、包容对方之后才可能缔造

Love needs to be nurtured, and the “eternal love” that we all dream to have is not forged until we learn to appreciate and tolerate the other.

7、孩子们必须学会将电脑游戏中的暴力与勇敢区分开来

Children must learn to distinguish between violence and bravery in computer games

8、诸如背弃朋友这类事并不受法律约束，所以才有了我们称作富人“道德法庭”Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal to friends; that is why there is what we call "the court of morality"

9、常言说：天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想要什么，就得去挣

10、As the saying goes, there is no such thing as a free lunch. If you want something, go and earn for it.

10、 他发现鱼和米是日本人的饮食特色，随即开始就日本饮食文化撰写一份报告

He found that fish and rice feature the Japanese diet, and he then proceeded to write a report on Japanese cooking culture.

11、 他虽是乞丐，但一点也不像，因为他戴着眼镜，胡子刮得干干净净，穿着崭新的西装

He was a beggar but he didn’t look the part at all, because he was clean-shaven, wearing glasses and a brand-new suit.

12、 在那样盛大的场合我不想让自己出丑，所以我决定接受挑战，和那年轻人一决雌雄

On such a grand occasion I didn’t want to make a fool of myself, so I decided to take the challenge and compete against that youngster.

13、普及艾滋病知识的活动需要继续开展，这个阶段的重点放在这种病的传播途径

The campaign of Knowing More About AIDS needs to be carried on, at this stage the emphasis needs to be put on the way (how) the disease is contracted.

14、众多杰出科学家们将于本周五齐聚日内瓦，讨论主要源于现代社会激烈竞争的主动问题

The leading scientists will be meeting in Geneva on Friday to discuss problems largely caused by the fierce competition in modern society.

15、我们相信新发布的关于改善农村医疗系统富人文件必将终结农村地区缺医少药的时代

We believe that with the newly issued document on improving the medical system in rural areas, the era is to be brought to an end when such areas are always short of doctors and medicines.

16、诸如财产、金钱等物质上的东西带来的快乐是短暂的，这是一个无可争辩的事实

It is a fact of life that happiness brought about by material things such as property and money is temporary.

17、如果你用物质东西代替爱和拥抱，你将无法得到快乐，因为精神上的快乐与物质财富并无多大关系

If you substitute material things for love or a hug, you will not get happiness, because spiritual happiness has little to do with material wealth.

18、在地里劳动了漫长的一天，他们精疲力尽。看着太阳已经落到地平线下面，他们迫不及待要回家

They were worn out after a long day’s work in the fields. So seeing the sun dip below the horizon, they couldn’t wait to go back home.

19、中国西部发展急需人才，政府为此制定了优惠政策，号召更多大学毕业生去西部工作。

West China is crying out for talented people for its development .To this end，the government has laid down favorable policies，calling for more college graduates to go and work there

20、网虫们很多时间都泡在网上，以至于他们无法分辨虚拟世界与现实世界。 Web addicts spend so much time on the Internet that they are unable to draw a distinction between the virtual world and the real world.

21、远程学习是个全球化的趋势。随着它的迅速发展，人们无论身处何地都能有同样方便的途径享受教育资源。

Distance learning is a global trend.With its quick growth，people are given an equally convenient access to educational resources，no matter where they are.

第二篇：英语翻译技巧

二-----翻译技巧by Vinlley

英语翻译技巧

I. Amplification(增补法)

所谓增补法，就是翻译时在译文中增加一些词语以符合译文语言的表达方式。增补的前提是不损害原文的意思，其效果是译文更加准确、通顺。增补法根据不同的情况大致分为四类：结构性增补、语义性增补、修辞性增补和外化性增补。其中结构性增补使用较多，下面三个例题均采用这种方法。

1. He has been broadcasting for 4 hours without any mistakes.

他连续播音四个小时，没有出现任何差错。（增补谓语动词“出现”）

2. The big sites, which had the important political, economic and religious things going on, are almost all gone.

这些大的遗址，过去曾是进行重要的政治、经济和宗教活动的场所，现在几乎当然无存了。（增补状语“过去…现在…”）

3. Some people say there is disappointment in their own cherished beliefs about people and a city they once loved.

有人说，过去人们是可以信赖的，自己喜爱的城市是可以信赖的，现在这种信念已经破灭了。（同上）

II. Omission(减省法)

与增补法相反，减省法是对原文中某些词语略而不译。这是出于译语行文习惯的需要而采用的一种翻译技巧。我们知道，英汉两种语言在表达方式上存在着很多差异，为使行文通顺畅达，有时不得不略去一些词汇。减省法主要有两类：句法性减省和修辞性减省。例题1为句法性减省，例题2和3采用修辞性减省。

1. Let's think of a situation where this idiom can be used.

我们来想一个可以使用这个习语的场合。（省略关系副词）

2. University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.

报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。

3. She stood there calm and quiet, waiting for their decision.

她镇静地坐在那里，等候他们的决定。（省略重复的词）

III. Division(拆分法)

拆分法主要用于长句的翻译。英语多用长句，而汉语多用短句，所以拆分法应用最为广泛。英语中有很多长句是由众多的从句、分句或短语组合而成的。这类句子是翻译中的难点，所以，要特别注意理顺原文的头绪，然后再按照汉语的行文习惯重新安排句子的顺序。这就需要掌握一些拆句技巧，即把一个长句译成几个句子。下面是几种常见的拆分法。

A. 拆分还有定语从句的复合句

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1. Doctor Strong regard him with puzzled and doubting look, which almost immediately subsided into a smile that gave me great encouragement.

斯特朗博士望着他，面露疑惑的神态，但这种神态差不多马上就化为笑容，这给了我很大的鼓舞。

2. My working place was established in a corner of the warehouse, where Mr.Quinion could see me, when he chose to stand up on the bottom rail of his stool in the counting-house, and look at me through a window above the desk.

我做工的地方就在店铺的一个角落里，昆尼恩先生能望得到的地方。他只要站在帐房凳子的最低的那根横木上，要看就可以从书桌上面的窗子里看见我了。

3. I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.

我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。

B. 拆分还有其他从句的复合长句

3. My opinion of you is that no man knows better than you when to speak and when others to speak for you; when to make scenes and threaten resignation; and when to be as cool as a cucumber.

没有人比你更懂得什么时候改开口，什么时候该由别人替你开口，什么时候该闹起来，以辞职相威胁；什么时候又该保持冷静。这就是我对你的看法。（由that引导的从句在全句中作表语，从意义上看，该表语是全句的重心，翻译时，将其提出来先译，可达到强调的效果，与原文语义相符）

4. A report of the proposed compromise plan come from a reliable source only a few hours after the president's social envoy, Mr.X, emerged from his fifth secret session with the Egyptian Foreign Minister and told newsman "A solution is in sight".

关于折中方案的消息是从一位可靠人士传出来的。在此之前不过几小时，总统的特使某先生在与埃及外长进行第五次密谈后，他对记者说“解决方案现已在望”。（此句中的时间状语从句又长又复杂，只好单独成句，否则不好理解。此句的重心在主句，应先翻译，同时还要注意从句所述情况是先发生的，时间顺序不能搞错。）

C. 拆分还有各类短语的长句

5. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those questions.

将你所读的重要词语和句子的感受写下来，将它们在你脑子里引起的问题记下来。这样就可以将这些感受长久的保存下来，并可以使那些问题更加明确起来。（原句中动词不定式短语作主语，这一部分在汉译时单独成句，并用“这样”二字引出第二个分句，避免了主语过长。）

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6. His chief contribution was making me realize how much more than knowledge I had been getting from him.

他让我领悟到，过去我跟他学的不仅是知识，还有很多别的东西，这是他最大的贡献。

IV. Combination(合并法)

合并法使用的比较少，主要是因为英语长句多，短句少。但我们偶尔也会遇见到英语中一些较短的句子，在汉译时并非一定要译成一个个的短句，把他们合并起来翻译，省掉一些重复的词语或句子成分，使译文的逻辑关系更紧凑，语义更明确，语言的表现力更强。

1. He was frightened into shaking and trembling.

他吓得浑身发抖。

2. The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All savings had been stolen.

这个年轻人很惨，积攒的钱被人偷的一干二净，已落到了身无分文的地步。（原文中有三个短句，翻译时，先将后两句换序再与前一句结合，比较符合汉语的叙事习惯。

3. I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother. 我感到有人走近，便伸出了手，以为是把手伸向母亲。

5.倒置法：

在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如：

（1）At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.

此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。（部分倒置）

（2）I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.

我坚信，英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。（部分倒置）

（3）改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。

Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)

6.插入法：

指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。这种方法主要 3

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用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中，即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。

如： 如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的"带来灾难性的影响"，那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难，做出决策。

If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, "disastrous effects," we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision.

7.重组法：

指在进行英译汉时，为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯，在捋清英语长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上，彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式，对句子进行重新组合。

如：

Decision must be made very rapidly; physical enduranceis tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.

必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事，而这一切对身体的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此，一旦考虑成熟，决策者就应迅速做出决策。

8.综合法：

是指单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时，着眼篇章，以逻辑分析为基础，同时使用转换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。

如： How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market, forward-looking and capable of radiatingthe influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe?

欧洲联盟应该怎样做才能对欧洲的电影电视工业有所贡献，使它在国际市场上具有竞争能力，使它有能力发挥欧洲文化的影响，并且能够在欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢？

翻译练习：

1.Bicycles offer the perfect eco-friendly method of traveling around the vast and beautiful and flat countryside that surrounds Cambridge．

，increasing members of Westerners are equally interested in adopting the traditional medical remedies of China．

．Indonesia and the Philippines are 4

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higher than normal，which results in dry conditions or even droughts.(增加具体化、明确化的词)

4. The statistics brought out a gender division between hard and soft science：girls ，

5. It’s pointed out that societies have long operated under the assumption that the oceans and rivers would wash away pollution，the winds would cleanse the air，and the soil could bury the rest．

6. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.

7. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.

Keys:

1.骑自行车在剑桥大学周围的宽广、美丽而又平坦的乡村旅行，是不会对环境造成危害的理想旅游方式。

2.现在中国人热衷于从西方国家进口现代化医疗技术，而越来越多的西方人则热衷于接受中医疗法。

3.当出现“厄尔尼诺”现象时，澳大利亚、印度尼西亚和菲律宾上空的大气压会比平常高，会出现干旱，甚至还会发生旱灾

4. 统计表明，从事硬科学和软科学研究的科学家在性别上存在着差别：女性倾向于生物学的研究，而男性则倾向于数学和物理学的研究。

5. 有人指出，我们的社会长期以来在处理垃圾时都认为海洋和河流会把污染冲走，风会把空气吹净，而土壤则会把其他污染埋藏。

6. 可是现在人们意识到，其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的，人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”，也就是说，经过若干年后，这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽

7. 因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了

具体翻译技巧

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一、词义的选择和引伸技巧

英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义；一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法；选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手：

1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义

They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。（形容词）

He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。（动词） Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。（名词）

2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。

He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。

He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。

He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他。

This is the last place where I expected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。

词义引伸是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一。翻译时，有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意硬套或逐词死译，就会使译文生硬晦涩，不能确切表达原意，甚至会造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引伸，引伸时，往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑。

1、词义转译。当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时，应根据上下文和逻辑关系，引伸转译。

The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat .太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球。

2、词义具体化。根据汉语的表达习惯，把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词。

The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round the earth.最后一级火箭升得更高，把“阿波罗号”送进围绕地球运行的轨道。

3、词义抽象化。根据汉语的表达习惯，把原文中某些词义较具体的词引伸为词义较抽象的词，或把词义较形象的词引伸为词义较一般的词。

Every life has its roses and thorns .每个人的生活都有甜有苦。

二、词类转译技巧

在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能逐词对译，只能将词类进行转译之后，方可使译文显得通顺、自然；对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意。

1、转译成动词。英语中的某些名词、介词、副词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。

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The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way .

植物没有专门的排泄系统，可用同样的方式加以说明。（名词转译）

As he ran out ,he forgot to have his shoes on .他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。

2、转译成名词。英语中的某些动词、形容词，翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词。 The earth on which we live is shaped a ball.

我们居住的地球，形状象一个大球。（动词转译）

The doctor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded .

医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员。（形容词转换）

3、转译成形容词。英语中有些作表语或宾语的抽象名词，以及某些形容词派生的名词，往往可转译成汉语中的形容词。另外，当英语动词转译成汉语名词时，原来修饰该动词的副词也往往随之转译成汉语中的形容词。

It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water.

使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的。（作表语的名词转译）

The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man .

太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。（副词转译）

4、转译成副词。英语中的某些名词、形容词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词。 When he catches a glimpse of a potentinl antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor .只要一发现有 可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这些人争取过来。（名词转译）

三、汉译的增词技巧

英译汉时，按意义上、修辞上或句法上的需要加一些词，使译文更加忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容；但是，增加的并不是无中生有，而是要增加原文中虽无其词却有其意的一些词，这是英译汉中常用的 的技巧之一。增词技巧一般分作两种情况。

1、根据意义上或修辞上的需要，可增加下列七类词。

Flowers bloom all over the yard .朵朵鲜花满院盛开。（增加表示名词复数的词） After the banquets ,the concerts and the table tennis exhibitor ,he went home tiredly .在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他疲倦地回到了家里。（增加动词）

He sank down with his face in his hands .他两手蒙着脸，一屁股坐了下去。（增加副词）

I had known two great social systems .那是以前，他就经历过两大社会制度。（增加表达时态的词）

As for me ,I didn’t agree from the very beginning .我呢，从一开始就不赞成。（增加语气助词）

The article summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers ,artificial 7

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satellites and rockets .本文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭这三方面的新成就。（增加概括词）

2、根据句法上的需要增补一此词汇。

Reading makes a full man ;conference a ready man ;writing an exact man.

读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确.(增补原文句子中所省略的动词) All bodies on the earth are known to possess weight.

大家都知道地球上的一切物质都肯有重量。（增补被动句中泛指性的词）

四、正反、反正汉译技巧

正反、反正汉译技巧是指翻译时突破原文的形式，采用变换语气的办法处理词句，把肯定的译成否定的，把否定的译成肯定的。运用这种技巧可以使译文更加合乎汉语规范或修辞要求，且不失原意。这种技巧可分五个方面加以陈述。

1、肯定译否定

The above facts insist on the following conclusions .上述事实使人们不能不得出以下结论。

2、否定译肯定

She won’t go away until you promise to help her .她要等你答应帮助以后才肯走。

3、双否定译肯定

There can be no sunshine without shadow 有阳光就有阴影。

但是，如果翻译时保留英语原来的“否定之否定”的形式并不影响中文的流畅时，则应保留的目的还可突出原文中婉转的语气。如He is not unequal to the duty .他并非不称职。

4、正反移位

I don’t think he will come .我认为他不会来了。

5、译为部分否定

Not all minerals come from mines .并非所有矿物都来自矿山。

Both of the substances do not dissolve in water.不是两种物质都溶于水。

五、汉译的重复技巧

重复技巧是英译汉中的一种必不可少的翻译技巧。由于英译汉时往往需要重复原文中的某些词才能使译文表达明确具体；又由于英汉语言结构不同，重复的手段和作用也往往不尽相同，大致可分为三种。

1、为了明确

I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.

我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备了故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障（重复名词）

Under ordinary conditions of pressure ,water becomes ice at C and steam at 100C. 在常压下，水在摄氏零度时变成冰，在摄氏一百度时变成蒸汽。（重复动词） 8

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A locality has its own over-all interest ,a nation has another and the earth get another. 一个地方有一个地方的全局，一个国家有一个国家的全局，一个地球有一个地球的全局（重复谓语部分）

2、为了强调

He wandered along the street ,thinking and thinking brooding and brooding.

他在街头游来荡去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。

3、为了生动

While stars and nebulae look like specks or small patches of light . they are really enormous bodies.

星星和星云看起来只是斑点点，或者是小片的光，但它们确实是巨大的天体。

六、倒译技巧

英汉词句组成和排列的顺序千差万别，因此英译汉时作些调整，颠倒一下顺序，则是一种极为常见的翻译技巧，这种翻译技巧共分五种类型。

1、复合句倒译技巧。复合句倒译可分为部分倒译和完全倒译两种技巧。

This university 6 newly _established faculties ,namely .Electronic Computer ,High Energy Physics ,Laser ,Geo-physics ,Remote Sensing, and Genetic Engineering.

这所大学现在有电子计算机、高能物理、激光、地球、物理、遥感技术、遗传工程等六个新建的专业。（部分倒译）

Many laws of nature actually exist in nature though they have not yet been discovered. 虽然许多自然规律还没被发现，但是它们确实在自然界中存在。（完全倒译）

2、被动句倒译的技巧。被动句倒译时，有时可将被动句倒译成主动句，有时可将状语倒译成主语。

The structure of an atom can be accurately described though we cannot see it.

虽然我们看不见原子结构，但能准确地描述它。（被动句倒译成主动句）

Table tennis is played all over China .中国到处都打乒乓球。（状语倒译成主语）

3、以否定型副词或条件副词开头的句子的部分倒译技巧。能引起这种倒译的副词有no ,never ,hardly ,no longer . in no way ,not until ,not even ,only 等。

Never before have I read such an interesting book .我从来没有读过这样有趣的书。

4、带有介词短语句子的部分倒译技巧

These date will be of some value in our research work .

这些资料对于我们的研究工作有些价值。

5、习语的倒译技巧。习语的倒译可分为按照汉语的固定顺序倒译和从轻重上加以区分进行倒译以及逆时间顺序进行倒译三种技巧。

For its last 600 miles the Yellow River flows eastwards through the flat , fertile ,North China Plain ,which is densely populated.

黄河最后的六百英里，向东流过平坦肥沃、人口密集的华北平原。（按照汉语的固定顺序倒译）

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Heal the wounded ,rescue the dying ,practice revolutionary humanitarianism.

救死扶伤，实行革命的人道主义。（以轻重上区分进行倒译）

We have to be quick of eye and deft of hand .我们必须眼疾手快。（逆时间顺序倒译）

七、 句子成份的转译技巧

英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，在具体英译汉时，有时往往需要转换一下句子成分，才能使译达到逻辑正确、通顺流畅、重点突出等目的。句子成分转译作为翻译的一种技巧，其内容和形式都比较丰富，运用范围也相当广泛，共包括五个方面的内容。

1、主语转译技巧，可以将句子的主语转译成汉语中的定语、宾语、状语等。 The wings are responsible for keeping the sir plane in the air.

机翼的用途是使飞机在空中保持不坠。（转译成定语）

To get all the stages off the ground ,a first big push is needed.

为了使火箭各级全部离开地面，需要有一个巨大的第一次推力。（转译成宾语） Machinery has made the products of manufactories very much cheaper than formerly. 因为机械的缘故，工厂里出的产品比起以前来，价格便宜多了。（转译成状语）

2、谓语转译技巧。可以将谓语转译成定语。

Radar works in very much the same way as the flashlight .雷达的工作原理和手电筒极为相同。

3、宾语转译技巧。可以将宾语转译成主语。

Automatic lathes perform basically similar functions but apper in a varitety of forms. 各种自动车床的作用基本相同，但形式不同

4、定语转译技巧。定语可以转译成谓语和状语。

Neutron has a mass slightly larger than that of proton.

中子的质量略大于质子的质量。（转译成谓语）

Scientists in that county are now supplied with necessary books ,epuipment and assistant ,that will ensure success in their scientific research.

现在已给该县科学家提供了必要的图书、仪器和助手，以保证科研工作的成功。（转译成状语）

5、状语转译技巧。状语转译一般指的是状语从句的转译。它可分作把时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句，把地点状语从转译成条件状语从句和把原因状语从句转译成困果偏正复句中的主语等三种形式。

These three colors ,red ,green ,and violet ,when combined ,produced white .

红色、绿色和紫色这三种颜色如果合在一起就变成白色。（时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句）

Where there is nothing in the path of beam of light ,nothing is seen.

如果光束通道上没有东西，就什么也看不到。（地点状语从句转译成条件状语从 10

二-----翻译技巧by Vinlley

句）

Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.

他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持已见。（原因状语从句转译成因果偏正复合句中的主句）

八、 分句、合句汉译技巧

英译汉时，由于两种语言的句子结构大不相同而往往需要改变一下句子结构以适应于汉语的表达习惯。采用分句、合句进行翻译的作法正是为了达到这种目的而运用的一种重要技巧。所谓分句，就是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子；所谓合名，就是指把原文的两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。运用这种分句、合句的汉译技巧可以使译文层次分明，更合乎于汉语的表达习惯。分句流译的技巧共分五种类型，合句汉译的技巧共分三种类型。先谈谈分句汉译技巧的五种类型。

1、主语分句汉译技巧。

A man spending twelve days on the moon would find ,on returning to the earth ,that a year had passed by already.

一个人如果在月亮上度过了十二天，回到地球以后就会发现一年已经过去了。

2、谓语分句汉译技巧。

It goes without saying that oxygen is the most active element in the atmosphere. 不言而喻，氧气是大气中最活泼的元素。

3、定语分句汉译技巧

He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each.

他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两磅。

4、状语分句汉译技巧

Sunrays filtered in wherever they could ,driving out darkness and choking the shadows.

阳光射入了它所能透过的地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了幽影。

5、同位语分句汉译技巧。

Mary normally a timid girl ,argued heated with them about it.

玛丽平常是个腼腆的姑娘，现在也热烈地和他们辩论起来

汉译英PART 1

一、基础词汇

1．快速的rapid；2.如此——以至于——so——that--；3.注意attention；4.减少diminish；5. 显著的remarkable；6.发生take place；7.乡村生活rural life；

8.发展development; advance(vt)；9.需求demand；10. 多样化diversity；11. 人类 11

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文明human civilization；12.认识awareness；13. 市民citizen; 14. 意识到are attaching great importance to;15. 生活水平living standards;16. 提高improve;17. 学校教育formal education；18. 全新的时代completely new stage;19. 经济全球化和城市化进程economic globalization and urbanization;20. 节奏rhythm;21. 加快speeding up;22. 日常生活daily lives;23. private cars;24. 背景background；25. 解释interpretation；26. 优点merit；27. 必须承认Admittedly；28. 课程subject；

29. 实际问题practical affairs；30. 孤独感loneliness；31. 领域field；32. 才华talent

二、基本句式

1．随着——的发展：Along with the development of

2．正像俗话所说：As the proverb goes

3．是可以理解的It is quite understandable that

4．不难——it is not difficult to

5．现在可以很明确地说it’s quite safe now to say that

6．起到日益重要的作用play an increasingly significant role in

例子：

1.随着社会的发展,越来越多的问题引起我们的注意,其中一个问题是:人们过多地使用电脑使人们的社会能力已经下降.

Along with the development of society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that people use computers so often that their social skills have been diminished.

2．正像俗话所说，“每枚硬币都有两面”，电视在社会中所起的作用也不例外。 As the proverb goes, “every coin has its two sides,” and such is the role taken by television in society.

3．现在，在仔细考虑后，不难得出这个结论：只有选择保护动物才是明智的。 Now, after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that only choosing to protect animals is sensible.

4．必须承认，双方意见都有道理，但他们都是片面的。

Admittedly, both sides are reasonable, but they are one-sided.

5．与过去相比，社会竞争变得越来越激烈。

Compared with the past, social competition is becoming increasingly fierce.

6．我的第一个理由是，帮助孩子对付生活中的实际问题是家长而不是老师的职责。

My first reason is that it is the duty of parents, not teachers, to prepare their children to deal with the practical affairs of life.

7．人们对待工作的态度已经发生改变，他们相信每个人在很多领域都具有不同的才华。

People’s attitudes toward work have also altered. They tend to believe that each person has diverse talents in many fields.

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练习：

1．关于如何帮助中学新生在入学第一天减轻孤独感的问题，人们给出了不同的建议。

2．电脑毫无疑问的在现代生活中起到日益重要的作用。

3．不同背景的人会对同一件事情提出不同的理解。

.

4．但是，正如俗话所说“每个硬币都有两面”，计算机也会带来不少问题。

5．在了解上面的原因后，现在可以很明确地说：选择上大学前先获得一些工作经验是明智的举动。

6．随着国家经济和人民生活水平的提高，人们的生活节奏加快，日常生活发生了很大变化。

7．随着国家经济和人民生活水平的稳步增长，私人轿车越来越多。

8．随着社会的快速发展，城市生活和乡村生活都已经发生了显著的变化。

PART 2

一、基础词汇

1. 很多numerous；2. 然而Nevertheless；3. 关于As to；4. 态度attitude；

5. 合理it is reasonable that；6. 争议controversial；7. 来源source；8. 代替replace；

9. 视而不见turn a blind eye to；10. 怀疑doubt about；11. 人工智能artificial intelligence；12. 不可避免unavoidable；13. 独自independence；14. 最糟糕的是Worst of all；15. 沉迷于become addicted to；16. 有害的harmful；17. 需要call for；

18. 关注concern；19. 赞成be in favor of；20. 比较comparison；21. 现象

phenomenon；22. 不公平的unfair；23. 有力的striking；24. 不言而喻self-evident；

25. 在很大程度上to a large degree；26. 团体community；27. 交流communicate with；28. 证据evidence；29.不可动摇的unmistakable；30. 教化civilize；31. 戏剧drama；32. 完全completely；33. 观点argument；34. the latter

二、基本句式

1.不能否认it cannot be denied that

2.不用说It goes without saying that

例句：

1.但是如果仔细考虑所有这些因素，公立学校教育的好处超过私立学校教育的好处。

But if all these factors are contemplated, the advantages of public school education carry more weight than those of private school education.

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2．但是持相反意见的人声称不会使用电脑的人会越来越不利。

But people who take the opposite opinion assert that the one who does not know how to use computers becomes more and more disadvantaged.

education carry more weight than those of private school education.

3．最糟糕的是，孩子可以通过互联网获得有害信息，或是沉迷于电脑游戏。 Worst of all, children may get harmful information via the Internet or become addicted to computer games.

4．所有这些坏影响都需要我们特别关注。

All these bad effects call for our special concern.

5．那些赞成家庭教育的人说：家庭教育能起与学校教育同等重要的作用。 Those who argue in favor of family education say that family education can play an equally important role with school education.

练习：

1．虽然电视有一些好处，但有一些人认为我们不应该不看它对青年观众的负面影响。

2．一旦你了解了所有这些，你一定会同意我所说的孩子应该7岁以后上学的观点。

3．两种观点都有道理。站在我的立场上，我完全同意后者。

4．当仔细比较了长处和短处之后，最有力的结论就不言而喻了。

5．此外，以他们自己的方式生活，在很大程度上，年轻人不得不自己面对和解决困境。

6．但是，我们不应该对人工智能的弊端视而不见。

7．所有的证据证明了一个不可动摇的观点：深厚的传统可以教化一个国家，政府应该资助音乐家、艺术家、演员和戏剧公司。

Keys:

PART1

1. As to how to help the new students on the first day of high school decrease their feelings of loneliness, people put forward various suggestions.

2. Computers undoubtedly play an increasingly significant role in modern life.

3. People from different backgrounds would have different interpretations of the same case

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4. However, as the old saying goes, “every coin has two sides,” and we see that computers also give rise to a number of problems.

5. After understanding the reasoning above, it’s quite safe now to say that the choice to obtain some work experience before entering university is a wise action.

6. With the steady growth in the country’s economy as well as the people’s living

standard, the rhythm of people’s living is speeding up and a lot of changes have taken place in their daily lives.

7. With the steady growth in the country’s economy as well as people’s living standards, private cars are widely used.

8. Along with the rapid development of society, remarkable changes have taken place in both city life and rural life.

PART 2

1. Despite the advantages the television has, some people claim, we shall not lose sight of its adverse effects on young viewers.

2. Once you have considered all of these, you must agree with me that children should not be sent to school until the age of 7.

3. There is probably a little bit of truth in both arguments. For my part, I completely agree with the latter.

4. When the advantages and disadvantages are carefully compared, the most striking conclusion is self-evident.

5. Moreover, living on their own means, to a large degree, young people have to face and overcome difficulties by themselves.

6. However, we should not turn a blind eye to the disadvantages of artificial

intelligence.

7. All the evidence supports an unmistakable conclusion that strong tradition can civilize a country and the government should subsidize musicians, artists, actors and drama companies.

更多练习

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