名词性从句
一、概述
在句子中起名词作用的从句称为名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
（二）宾语从句
1、宾语从句用连接代词、连接副词和从属连词that, whether, if引导。可做及物动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语或形容词的宾语。这些形容词都是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如certain, sure, positive, afraid, anxious, disappointed,worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, confident等。
They promised (us) that they would respect our privacy. Do you know whether/if any decision has been arrived at? Scientists demand to know when and where they are wrong. 2、在make, find, see, consider+it We consider it necessary our homework in time.
3、inis very some spelling 4it
B. that C. this D. them
5、doubt一词肯定句中用whether/if引导宾语从句，在疑问句和否定句中只能用that引导。 I doubt ____ really understand me. I don’t doubt ____ he will come on time. Do you doubt____ he will come on time?
6、宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：
（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时
The boy thinks, in fact, that smoking is bad for his health.
（B）如果有两个that分句同时作句子的宾语时，第二个that通常不能省略，以免引起歧义。
She denied (that) she had seen the men and that she had been in touch with him.
二、名词性从句的引导词
1、连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever 有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when, where, why, how等有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
3、从属连词: that, whether, if, as if, because (as if, because 只引导表语从句)
三、用法详解 （一）主语从句
1、主语从句用连接代词、连接副词和从属连词that, whether引导。that不可省略。
That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me. Whether John can do the experiment remains a question. Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced. so well.
2、当主语过长时，常常用it放在主句后面。常用句型有：
1)It +be +形容词（important…）+ that从句
2)It +be +名词词组（ It’s a pity that he can’t come.
3)It +be +（ 等5)It +does- 1.____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 2. It’s obvious to the students _____ they should get well prepared for their future .
A．as B. which C. whether D. that 3. It worried her a bit ______her hair was turning grey. A. while B. if C. that D. for
4. Does _______ matter if he can't finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it
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（三）表语从句
1、表语从句用连接代词、连接副词和从属连词that, whether, as if, because引导。
The trouble is that I have lost the document.
That is where she was born.
My anger is because he often tell lies. It looks as if we will be late.
My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work. 2、注意点：
(1) Suggestion, decision, advice, idea, proposal, order, demand等作主语的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟should+动词原形。 My suggestion is that we should give him another chance.
(2)主句主语是reason时, 表语从句只能用that引导，不能用because。句子结构为： The reason why…is that…
The reason why he was late for school was that he missed the bus. 但如果it/this/that等作主语时，可用because引导表语从句：It/This/That is because… That was because he had been ill.
A. what B. why C. whom D. which
4. The last time we had great fun was__we were visiting the Water Park . A. where B. how C. when D. why
5. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s__the best jobs are . A. where B. what C. when D. why
2、that 与what 在名词性从句中的区别
That引导名词性从句在从句中不充当任何成分，也没任何意义，只起连接作用，有时可以省略，而what 引导从句时充当主，宾，表，定语。
D. That; what B. That
us all the 20xx Olympic Games took
C. As D. Which
（四）同位语从句
1、同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。这些名词有：fact, news, message, possibility, idea, reason, belief, suggestion等。
The question who should do the work requires consideration. 2、分隔现象：同位语从句有时与从句分开。如：
poor girl.
同位语从句和定于从句的区别：
词进行修饰限定作用。
②同位语从句中的that省略；定语从句中的that．
A. where B. that D. in which
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B. what will man look like D. what look will man like 2.You can’t imagine ____ when they received this present. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 3. The photographs will show you ____．
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 4. Can you make sure ______ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where did Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
四、核心重点考点 1、连词的选用
依据“缺什么补什么”指人用who，指物用what；如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都不缺用that。 1. It’s not clear __ the financial crisis will soon be over . A. since B. what C. when D. whether 2. 6._______ you don't like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
3. When asked ____ they need most , the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. \
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4.名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用情况
主句中的动词、名词、形容词如表示要求、建议、命令或愿望等含义，与其相关的名词性从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气 1、在表示“命令、建议、坚持、要求” （一个坚持：insist两个命令：order, command三个建议：suggest, advise, propose四个要求：demand, require, ask, desire及他们的名词形式）的名词性从句中从句谓语部分要用“should+动词原形”形式，should可以省略。 I made a suggestion that he (should) go there at once. I suggested that he (should) go there at once. The suggestion was that he (should) go there at once.
2、wish引导的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，分与现在、过去、将来相反三种情况。
I wish I were ten years younger. （与现在相反were/did） I wish you had posted the letter yesterday. （had done） I wish I would try again. （would/could do） 3、在句型“It + is/was + adj.+主语从句”中，如果形容词是important, strange, natural, necessary, proper等,从句谓语部分要用“should+动词原形”形式，should可以省略。 .It’s strange that he (should) think so.
1.It is necessary that a college student ____at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 2.It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front. A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go 3. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______. A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off
5. Could I speak to __ is in charge of the International Sales please? A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever 6. The how to hook can be of help to ____ wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever 7._____ wants to stay in the hotel has to pay their own way. A. Anyone B. The one Ｃ.Whoever D. Who 7 名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。 I didn’t（2单数，如果由and 词用单数。如：
D. where there B. If C. Whether
C./ D. that
D. which
D. That
5、whether和if的区别
（1）在宾语从句中可互换，但当宾语从句是否定时只用if。 He asked me if I hadn’t finished my homework.
（2）在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether。 （3）当与or not 联用时只能用whether。 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . （4）在动词不定式前面只能用whether。 They haven’t decided whether to go. （5）在介词后只能用whether。 It depends on whether we have enough time.