高中英语语法总结：宾语从句
高中英语语法总结中宾语从句是用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。他的构成是关联词+简单句。引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：
(1) 从属连词that。如：
He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。
注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。
1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)
2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)
3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)
4. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)
(2)从属连词if/whether。如：
I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。
I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。
(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。
如：
Who or what he was, Martin never learned.
I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。 I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。 You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
(1) 介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day
I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 有时介词可以省略。如：
I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。
Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。
解释：
1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
2.作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：
He is a good student except that he is careless.
You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。
介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：
Are you sorry for what you've done?
3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that可省略。如： I am not sure what I ought to do.
I'm afraid you don't understand what I said.
I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before.
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
4.连词whether (?or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如：
I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter。试比较：
Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。
5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如： I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.
I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是吗?
6. 宾语从句的时态变化规律：
(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。
(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
宾语从句简介：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
一、宾语从句用法
宾语从句的连接词：
(一)、从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether。
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，if和whether，whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。
He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year. 他告诉我他明年上大学。 I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车。
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试。
（二）关联代词
连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。 连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。
Do you know who has won Red Alert game？ 你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？ The book will show you what the best CEO should know.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone？
（三）关联副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
二、动词的宾语从句
大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect （that ）they will win,for members of their team are stronger.
He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out （that） all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
Can you work out （that）how much we will spend during the trip
动词短语也可以带宾语从句 常见的这些词有：
make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
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可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it（双宾语）
这类动词主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see to.
I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话. He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.
开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的. We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的.
三、介词的宾语从句
用whether之类的介词宾语从句：
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 用that,if引导的介词宾语从句 有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知.
四、形容词的宾语从句
有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句，例如；
1. I am sorry I am late. 2. I am glad that you can join us. 3. Are you sure his
answer is right? 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有： sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
五、if与whether
① if和whether在作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介词后一般不用if
② 少数动词，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.