GRE Issue 范文外教润色版

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The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.

范文：

It is universally acknowledged that a well-developed sense of competition can contribute much to success in different areas such as government, sports and industry. Changing conditions, however, are creating the

atmosphere wherein cooperation, not competition, is the quality most useful for success. As a result the best way for a society to prepare its young to lead in the world is by instilling them not only with a sense of competition, but also a sense of cooperation.

The spirit of competition is a driving force in individuals. The competitive impulse fosters the desire for dominance. However, the world we live in doesn’t offer the same zero-sum game that it used to. For this reason, governments should take a more proactive role in creating an atmosphere of competition and cooperation. In this environment can the leaders of tomorrow learn the skills they will be required to employ when working in a fully globalized world. This can be illustrated by the transformation of Chinese market policy. Decades ago, the planned economy policy was praised by Chinese leaders. This policy in which government played a key role to run entire business of nation is featured as absolute equality and eliminates any chance for competition. Unfortunately, these government-run businesses were ineffective due to lack of competition. In the end, the result was low productive capability. Realizing the disadvantages of such policy and desiring to reverse the straggling situation in China and catch up with developed countries, leaders have decided to transform the old economic system. Individuals and companies alike, for sake of survival in competition, must continue to improve their services and products, and consequently, the entire society prospers, at least economically. Owing to the vitality of competitiveness, China can experience the prosperity than ever before.

In today’s world, competition requires more and more cooperation. Competition is not always a good thing to have, especially when it makes one party the winner and one party the loser. Through cooperation with others, all participants can benefit. In business, teamwork can naturally produce an overall greater productivity through synergy. The task of a good business leader is to set a common goal and corresponding rewards by which his teammates are motivated to interact with their colleagues towards collective efforts. Zhang ReiMing- CEO of

Glanze and a very famous entrepreneur in China states that there is no special knack for success. What I have done is just to make my employees feel better about themselves and let every single person in the company understand the essence of the business. After that, I create an environment in which they respect and cooperate with others to meet objectives. As we can see in this example, it is cooperation, not completion that makes success.

A sense of competition and cooperation are not mutually independent. Actually, as an excellent competitor, not only can one compete with others who exceed him in some aspects but also he should breed the spirit of

cooperation and develop, in others, a willingness to nurture weaknesses. It is the increasingly fierce competition in society that acts as the catalyst promoting a desire to cooperate.

In conclusion, governments, much like the boss of the company discussed earlier, must play a part in creating an environment whereby members of a group can practice both cooperation and competition. This will benefit countries by turning out qualified and successful leaders, individuals equipped with sense of competition and cooperation.

Many social problems cannot be solved by the legal system because laws cannot change what is in people's hearts or minds.

范文：

Ever since the Code of Hammurabi came into being, laws have attempted to restrict people's behavior. Laws have played an important role in the maintenance of social order. But aside from limited impacting on behavior laws cannot change was a person thinks or feels.

We live each day under a legal system. No one is ever granted extralegal rights. If we break the law, we will be punished. It is fear of consequence that guides our behaviors—the threat of a fine, imprisonment or even death. Laws, for better or worse, serve to enhance social stability by encouraging or discouraging certain behaviors. Laws, while they can certainly guide behavior, can exert their influences on the body, not hearts and minds. In the long history of legal development, laws have always changed to reflect different needs. Bigamy, for example, is commonly regarded as illegal in most countries, and yet it is legal in some Arabian countries. For Islamic people, outlawing bigamy seems an impinge upon their religious freedom of choosing mates. Instead of bringing about a revolution in the conception of marriage among Islamic disciples, the laws give way to the reflect the members of the society over which it governs.

Still more, from the psychoanalytic perspective, laws can never change nature. Sigmund Freud has divided the individual personality into threefold: the id, the ego and the super ego. The ego, as the surface of the nature and the part you show the world, is governed by the "reality principle," otherwise known as laws. However, the power of law cannot extend its impacts on the id and the superego. A rapist, for example, despite years of imprisonment, will rape again as he is motivated on different levels. Law or fear of punishment can’t change a rapist. There is no force known to man that can reconstitute the very human nature that guides us all.

In conclusion, as we can see by the evolution of the legal system as presented above, if the law doesn’t reflect the will of the people, they aren’t going to embrace it. Further, if the law runs contrary to an individual’s nature, it will have little effect in deterring or encouraging particular behaviors.

第二篇：GRE Issue 官方范文 3

GRE Issue 官方范文 3 (2008-12-18 17:54:23)

标签：ets gre issue 教育 新东方 修锐 英文写作 英语学习 ray 分类：ISSUE参考资料

来源ETS

Issue test 3

"Our declining environment may bring the people of the world together as no

politician, philosopher, or war ever could. Environmental problems are global in scope and respect no nation's boundaries. Therefore, people are faced with the choice of unity and cooperation on the one hand or disunity and a common tragedy on the other."

6、

Cooperation---or Tragedy?

The solution to the world's growing environmental problems may have to wait awhile. It has been said that "environmental problems are global and respect no nation's boundaries." Unfortunately, pollution and its consequences still fall to large measure on those least likely to do anything about it: poor countries willing to sacrifice anything in order to sit at the table with the world's wealthy.

As far as the industrialized nations of the world are concerned, the world is a big place. Environmental destruction taking place outside their borders may sometimes be fodder for government pronouncements of concern, but few concrete actions. Deforestation of the Amazon, for instance, is of vital concern to all those who wish to continue breathing. But the only effective deterrent to this activity, the restriction of international aid money to those countries showing net deforestation, has been stalled in the United Nations by those unwilling to "interfere" in the internal politics of other nations.

Because of the differential impact of polluting activities around the world, and even in different regions of a single country, many governments will undoubtedly continue to promulgate only modest environmental regulations. Costs to polluting companies will continue to carry as much weight as the benefit of a pollution-free environment. Particularly in the current political climate of the United States, the well-documented expense of today's pollution-control measures will be stacked against the unknown long-term effects of polluting acclivities. "Why should I spend millions of dollars a year, which causes me to have to raise the cost of my goods or eliminate jobs, if no one really knows if air pollution is all that harmful? Show me the proof, " an air polluting company may demand.

Realistically, it won't be until critical mass is achieved that the hoped for "choice of unity and cooperation" will be a viable one. Only when the earth as a whole is

so polluted that life itself becomes increasingly difficult for a majority of the world's people will there likely be the political will to force global environmental laws on governments worldwide. But the optimists (read: environmental activists) among us continue to believe that the world can be shown the error of its ways. They continue to point out that the sky is probably falling--or at least developing a big hole. The world, as a whole, ignores them.

One would hope, however, that governments, perhaps through a strengthened U.N., could somehow be forced to realize that when the Earth reaches the critical mass of pollution, it may be too late to do anything about it. That would be a "common tragedy" indeed.

COMMENTARY

This excellent response displays an in-depth analysis of the issue and superior facility with language.

While acknowledging that environmental problems are serious and of global dimensions, the essay explores the complexity of international cooperation. Such cooperation, the essay argues, runs into a variety of problems, and the writer offers persuasive examples to support that point:

-- the unwillingness of nations to "interfere" with other nations through political measures such as restriction of foreign aid

-- inadequate environmental regulations, which are caused both by "the differential impact of polluting activities" between countries and regions and by the difficulty of comparing the "long-term effects of polluting activities" with the more easily documented, short-term costs of reducing pollution.

The essay distinguishes itself in part by its excellent organization. The first paragraph analyzes the claim and announces the writer's position; the second and third paragraphs provide clear examples supporting that position. The skillful use of a quotation from a business person vividly illustrates the economic impact of pollution controls. The last two paragraphs bring a sense of closure to the essay by continuing the theme announced in the first paragraph -- that cooperation must wait until more dire circumstances produce the political will necessary to reduce pollution.

The essay exhibits superior control of grammar and syntax, with only minor errors. Transitional phrases -- "because," "however," "for instance" -- help guide the reader through the argument. Also, effective sentence variety and the use of precise word choice help confirm the score of 6.