《网络系统设计》
综合实验报告
综合实验名称 双核心局域网
成员姓名_刘越飞_ 学号_0103335
指导教师及职称_ 万征副教授__
开课学期 20## 至 20## 学年 2 学期
完成日期 2013年6月7日
目录
1、组网需求... 1
2、需求分析... 1
3、逻辑网络设计... 2
3.1、网络拓扑结构分析... 2
3.2、IP地址分配... 2
3.3、三层交换机的配置... 3
4、物理网络设计... 3
5、网络系统部署... 4
6、网络系统测试... 7
7、实验心得... 17
1、组网需求
新型城域网应该达到网络层次清晰化和网络结构扁平化。一种可行的设计思路是将城域网范围的二三层网络分离,尽量采用大容量的路由器设备和大带宽的链路,从而减少节点设备和链路数量;在网络结构上,要形成大容量、少节点、广覆盖,从而减少物理和逻辑级联数。利用宽带接入服务器(BRAS)和业务路由器(SR)构建清晰的IP城域网边缘,形成业务接入控制层,实现集中的业务提供和控制。宽带接入网是最繁杂的设计层面,因为这一层面需要直接完成有效接入用户的功能,涉及多种二层汇聚和接入技术。所以,我们选择的二层汇聚和接入技术,应能满足用户差异化服务的需求并充分考虑成本因素。
城域网络分为3个层次:核心层、汇聚层和接入层。核心层主要提供高带宽的业务承载和传输,完成和已有网络(如ATM、FR、DDN、IP网络)的互联互通,其特征为宽带传输和高速调度;汇聚层的主要功能是给业务接入点提供用户业务数据等的汇聚和分发处理,同时要实现业务的服务等分类;接入层利用多种接入技术,进行宽带和业务分配,实现用户的接入,接入的节点设备完成多业务的复用和传输。
现在用三层交换机和二层交换机实现小型城域网的架设,利用三层交换机的接口可以实现IP地址绑定的功能来充当路由器的功能。在三层交换机上配置VLAN虚拟逻辑接口,为接口绑定IP地址,用此逻辑接口来充当路由器的接口。
2、需求分析
根据组网的需求,要实现双核心局域网的网络规划设计:
需求1:创建VLAN虚拟逻辑接口
分析1:根据资料在三层交换机上配置VLAN接口,并且为VLAN接口绑定IP地址和子网掩码;
需求2:熟悉城域网分层结构
分析2:利用2台三层交换机来充当该小型城域网的核心层,两者之间的连接启动三层接口来完成,另外利用2台三层交换机,在上面创建VLAN虚拟逻辑接口来充当汇聚层,用4台二层交换机来充当该小型局域网的接入层;
需求3:OSPF协议配置
分析3:在4台三层交换机之间配置OSPF路由协议,实现不同网络之间的通讯;
需求4:划分VLAN
分析4:在接入层的二层交换机上划分VLAN,并将接口加入到VLAN中。
3、逻辑网络设计
3.1、网络拓扑结构分析
如下图所示,该网络拓扑是小型城域网“双核心局域网”的网络拓扑结构,根据其网络应用、功能和需求在思科模拟器Cisco Packet中搭建的网络环境:
图(1)
① 为了使不同网络之间能过相互通讯,在4个三层交换机之间配置OSPF路由协议,使不同的网络能实现两两之间的相互通信(OSPF是内部网关协议,是对链路状态路由协议的一种实现,OSPF支持把网络划分为多个拥有某种程度的自主权的区域。在这种结构中,有一个骨干区域(总是指0区域),而且许多其它的区域都必须直接附加在0区域(特殊情况除外)。一个规划良好的分层结构设计是每一个区域的路由都可以汇聚为连续的网段。OSPF还支持汇聚另一个路由协议重新发布的路由的能力);
② 核心层的两个三层交换机之间的连接通过激活交换机的三层接口来实现,并为其绑定IP地址和想、子网掩码;
③ 汇聚层的交换机上配置VLAN虚拟逻辑接口,并为接口绑定IP地址和子网掩码,并且汇聚层与接入层之间的物理接口改为trunk类型;
④ 在接入层的二层交换机上划分VLAN,并把相应的物理接口加入到VLAN中,接入层与汇聚层之间连接的物理接口设为trunk类型;
⑤ 主机采用静态IP地址配置(包括IP地址、默认网关、子网掩码)。
3.2、IP地址分配
如下图所示,在汇聚层的三层交换机上创建虚拟VLAN接口,为接口绑定IP地址:
图(2) 图(3)
在图(2)中的三层交换机3560-A1上创建3个虚拟VLAN接口VLAN10、VLAN20、VLAN30,为VLAN10绑定的IP地址为192.168.10.1,在虚拟接口VLAN20上绑定的IP地址为192.168.20.1,在虚拟接口VLAN30上绑定的IP地址为192.168.30.1,子网掩码都是255.255.255.0。
在三层交换机3560-A2上创建3个虚拟VLAN接口VLAN80、VLAN90、VLAN100,为VLAN80绑定IP地址为192.168.40.1,为VLAN90绑定IP地址为192.168.50.1,为VLAN100绑定的IP地址为192.168.60.1,子网掩码都是255.255.255.0。
图(3)交换机3560-B1与交换机3560-B2之间的网络地址为172.16.10.0,子网掩码为255.255.255.0;3560-A1与3560-B1之间的网络地址为172.30.10.0;3560-B2与3560-A2之间的网络地址为172.30.40.0;3560-A1与3560-B2之间的网络地址为172.30.20.0;3560-A2与3560-B1之间的网络地址为172.30.30.0,子网掩码都是255.255.255.0。
3.3、三层交换机的配置
① 交换机3560-B1与3560-B2的连接的接口的地址分别设置为172.16.10.1和172.16.10.2,子网掩码为255.255.255.0;
② 交换机3560-A1与3560-B1的连接的接口的地址分别设置为172.30.10.1和192.30.10.2,子网掩码为255.255.255.0;
③ 交换机3560-A1与3560-B2的连接的接口的地址分别设置为172.30.20.1和172.30.20.2,子网掩码为255.255.255.0;
④ 交换机3560-B2与3560-A2的连接的接口的地址分别设置为172.30.40.2和172.30.40.1,子网掩码为255.255.255.0;
⑤ 交换机3560-B1与3560-A2的连接的接口的地址分别设置为172.30.30.2和172.30.30.1,子网掩码为255.255.255.0。
4、物理网络设计
实验设备:在思科模拟器内
3560 三层交换机4台,2960二层交换机4台,主机4台;
核心层:两台3560三层交换机;
汇聚层:两台3560三层交换机;
接入层:四台2960二层交换机;
客户端:四台PC主机;
图(4)
5、网络系统部署
具体的配置过程如下:
对于左端的三层交换机3560-A1:
创建虚拟VLAN接口vlan10、vlan20、vlan30、vlan40、vlan50:
interface Vlan10
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan20
ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan30
ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan40
ip address 172.30.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan50
ip address 172.30.20.1 255.255.255.0
为虚拟接口vlan40、vlan50绑定物理接口0/1和0/4:
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 40
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/4
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 50
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#exit
与接入层连接的接口0/2、0/3设为trunk类型:
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/3
Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Switch(config-if)#exit
配置OSPF路由协议:
router ospf 100
log-adjacency-changes
network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 172.30.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 172.30.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
对于右端的三层交换机3560-A2:
创建虚拟VLAN接口vlan60、vlan70、vlan80、vlan90、vlan100:
interface Vlan60
ip address 172.30.30.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan70
ip address 172.30.40.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan80
ip address 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan90
ip address 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan100
ip address 192.168.60.1 255.255.255.0
为虚拟接口vlan60、vlan70绑定物理接口0/1和0/4:
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 60
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/4
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 70
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#exit
与接入层连接的接口0/2、0/3设为trunk类型:
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/3
Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Switch(config-if)#exit
配置OSPF路由协议:
router ospf 400
log-adjacency-changes
network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 172.30.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 172.30.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
对于三层交换机3560-B1:
激活交换机的三层接口0/2,为其绑定IP地址:
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/2
Switch(config-if)#no switchport
Switch(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#duplex auto
Switch(config-if)#speed auto
Switch(config-if)#exit
创建虚拟VLAN接口vlan40、vlan60:
Switch(config)#interface Vlan40
Switch(config-if)#ip address 172.30.10.2 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#interface Vlan60
Switch(config-if)#ip address 172.30.30.2 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#exit
为虚拟接口vlan40、vlan60绑定物理接口0/1和0/3:
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 40
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/3
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 60
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#exit
配置OSPF路由协议:
router ospf 200
log-adjacency-changes
network 172.30.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 172.30.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 172.16.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
对于三层交换机3560-B2:
激活交换机的三层接口0/1,为其绑定IP地址:
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
Switch(config-if)#no switchport
Switch(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#duplex auto
Switch(config-if)#speed auto
Switch(config-if)#exit
创建虚拟VLAN接口vlan50、vlan70:
Switch(config)#interface Vlan50
Switch(config-if)#ip address 172.30.20.2 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#interface Vlan70
Switch(config-if)#ip address 172.30.40.2 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#exit
为虚拟接口vlan50、vlan70绑定物理接口0/2和0/3:
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 70
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/3
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 50
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#exit
配置OSPF路由协议:
router ospf 300
log-adjacency-changes
network 172.30.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 172.30.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 172.16.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
6、网络系统测试
① 查看3560-A1配置信息:
Switch#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/2 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/3 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/4 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/5 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/6 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/7 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/8 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/9 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/10 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/11 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/12 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/13 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/14 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/15 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/16 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/17 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/18 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/19 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/20 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/21 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/22 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/23 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/24 unassigned YES unset down down
GigabitEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset down down
GigabitEthernet0/2 unassigned YES unset down down
Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Vlan10 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up
Vlan20 192.168.20.1 YES manual up up
Vlan30 192.168.30.1 YES manual up up
Vlan40 172.30.10.1 YES manual up up
Vlan50 172.30.20.1 YES manual up up
② 查看3560-B1的配置信息:
Switch#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/2 172.16.10.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/3 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/4 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/5 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/6 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/7 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/8 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/9 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/10 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/11 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/12 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/13 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/14 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/15 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/16 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/17 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/18 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/19 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/20 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/21 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/22 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/23 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/24 unassigned YES unset down down
GigabitEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset down down
GigabitEthernet0/2 unassigned YES unset down down
Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Vlan40 172.30.10.2 YES manual up up
Vlan60 172.30.30.2 YES manual up up
③ 查看3560-B2的配置信息:
Switch#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/1 172.16.10.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/2 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/3 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/4 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/5 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/6 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/7 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/8 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/9 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/10 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/11 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/12 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/13 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/14 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/15 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/16 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/17 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/18 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/19 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/20 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/21 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/22 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/23 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/24 unassigned YES unset down down
GigabitEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset down down
GigabitEthernet0/2 unassigned YES unset down down
Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Vlan50 172.30.20.2 YES manual up up
Vlan70 172.30.40.2 YES manual up up
④ 查看3560-A2的配置信息:
Switch#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/2 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/3 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/4 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/5 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/6 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/7 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/8 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/9 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/10 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/11 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/12 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/13 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/14 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/15 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/16 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/17 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/18 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/19 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/20 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/21 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/22 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/23 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/24 unassigned YES unset down down
GigabitEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset down down
GigabitEthernet0/2 unassigned YES unset down down
Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Vlan60 172.30.30.1 YES manual up up
Vlan70 172.30.40.1 YES manual up up
Vlan80 192.168.40.1 YES manual up up
Vlan90 192.168.50.1 YES manual up up
Vlan100 192.168.60.1 YES manual up up
⑤ 测试不同局域网之间的通讯:
IP为192.168.10.11的主机pingIP为192.168.40.11的主机
结果:
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ping 192.168.40.11
Pinging 192.168.40.11 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.40.11: bytes=32 time=23ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.40.11: bytes=32 time=32ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.40.11: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.40.11:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 15ms, Maximum = 32ms, Average = 23ms
PC>
IP为192.168.40.11的主机pingIP为192.168.20.11的主机
结果为:
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ping 192.168.20.11
Pinging 192.168.20.11 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.20.11: bytes=32 time=23ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.20.11: bytes=32 time=29ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.20.11: bytes=32 time=26ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.20.11:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 23ms, Maximum = 29ms, Average = 26ms
PC>
7、实验心得
通过这次实验我学习到了很多有关网络系统设计的知识,并学会了应用,例如局域网,OSPF,虚拟vlan等,这些都是通过自己看资料学会的,得出一个结论:想要学号这门课程一等要先学会自习。