全国通用2010届高考全国各地月考阅读理解汇编之科普知识类
Passage 1
（安徽省桐城六中2010届高三第二次模拟月考）
All plant cells are capable of taking up water. Even dead ones do to a certain degree. Absorption（吸收）of water by dead cell walls makes wood become larger. In common land plants, the living cells of roots take up most of the water. Land plants without roots do exist, however. Those greenish-yellow lichens（苔藓）you see on rocks in the high mountains have no roots. Half a billion years ago, when water plants started to enter the land, the first land plants did not have roots.
Even among the flowering plants, one finds rootless forms. These flowering plants are ―the higher plants‖ because they evolved（进化）recently and are thus considered higher on the evolutionary scale（进化度）. In the Peruvian desert, there grows one of these rootless higher plants, a bromeliad. It is a relative of the pineapple. Even if this plant had roots, they would be of no use, because where the plant grows, it never rains. The plant gets its water only from the dew（露水）it collects at night, when its leaves cool off. Such rootless plants, of course, can be moved with ease, but they will only grow when they are placed out in the open. If they are placed too near a house, the radiation from the heat of the house prevents the leaves from cooling and so prevents dew from forming, and the plant dies. In the southern United States and in Puerto Rico, one sees bromeliads growing high above the streets on the insulation（绝缘物）of electric wires. These plants get their water from rain, and the only soil they ever come in contact with is the dust that may blow on their leaves.
72．Wood becomes larger because of .
A．dead cell walls
B．water entering dead cells D．the death of cells C．the growth of cells
73．From the passage we know that the evolutionary scale is graded according to .
A．evolutionary cycles B．heights and depths C．time D．kinds
74．The ―bromeliad‖ is a plant that .
A．has useless roots
B．is a pineapple C．can grow anywhere D．takes up water through its leaves
75．The most suitable title for this passage is ― ‖.
A．Absorption of water by plants
C．Plants in the desert
答案 BCDA B．Rootless plants D．Higher plants
Passage 2
（安徽省芜湖七中2010届高三上学期第一次调研考试）
The following are four forms about medicine. How to use the medicine is very important. Never take any by mistake.
1）Take the medicine with water. followed by one tablet every eight hours. as required. For further night—time and early morning. take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in 24 hours. For Children six to twelve years old. go to your doctor for advice. Reduce dosage if nervousness. restlessness or sleeplessness takes place.
2）Each pill of the medicine taken three times every day for fourteen years old. As usual. a pill 6:00 a. m. before breakfast. One before 11:00 and one before sleep. Not for children under six years old and old persons with heart attack.
3）The medicine for a person with a fever. Once two pills a day before sleep for adult. Not take the medicine without fever. Half for Children under 12 years old. Children with a high fever. go to see a doctor.
4）The medicine taken three times a day. Once five pills for adult with a cold. Half of the pills for children 10 years old. Take the medicine before breakfast, lunch, supper or before sleep.
51．Obviously a kind of medicine can‘t be proper for
A．children over twelve years old
B．some old persons with a fever
C．some old persons with heart attack
D．neither adults nor heart attack
52．When a person has a cold. he had better A．have about more than fourteen pills a day
B．have twice a day
C．have four times a day
D．have nine pills a day
53．How many kinds of medicine are used for the children six years old?
A．All of them.
B．Three kinds of medicine.
C．Two kinds of medicine.
D．Almost not any medicine.
答案 CAD
Passage 3
（湖北省黄冈中学2010届高三8月月考）
Advice to ―‖ could be well founded, scientists say．After a good night‘s sleep a problem that couldn‘t be solved the night before can often appear more manageable, although the evidence until now has been anecdotal (个人体验的)．But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good night‘s sleep can improve insight (顿悟) and problem-solving．
―If you have some newly-got memories in your brain, sleep acts on these memories and restructures them , so that after sleep the insight into problem which you could not solve before increases,‖ said Dr Jan Born , a neuroscientist (神经科学家), at the university．To test the theory, they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them turn a string of numbers into a new order．There was also a third, hidden rule, which could help them increase their speed in solving the problem．The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups: half were allowed to sleep after the training while the rest were forced to stay awake．Dr Jan Born and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rule as the other group．―Sleep helped,‖ Born said in a telephone interview．―The important thing is that you have to have a memory representation in your brain of the problem you want to solve and then you sleep, so it can act on the problem．‖ But Born admitted that he and his team don‘t know how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it．Pierre Maquet and Perrine Ruby of the University of Liege in Belgium said the experimental evidence supports the anecdotal suggestions that sleep can help develop creative thinking．Although the role of sleep in human creativity will still be a mystery, the research gives people good reason to fully respect their periods of sleep, they added．
55．The underlined phrase ―sleep on it‖ in Paragraph 1 probably means ．
A．to delay deciding something until the next day
B．to get as much sleep as possible
C．to go on sleeping without being disturbed
D．to sleep till after the time you usually get up in the morning
56．Jan Born and his team carried out the experiment through _____．
A．comparison B．interview C．survey D．imagination
57．It can be inferred from the passage that ______．
A．people should sleep so long as they have time
B．sleep is the only way to solve hard problems
C．people have various periods of sleep
D．people know how sleep reconstructs memories
58．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．How Sleep Works
C．No Evidence, But Well Founded
答案 AACB B．Sleep Helps Solve Problems D．Born‘s Discovery On Sleep
Passage 4
（湖南省浏阳一中2010届高三第一次月考）
Sri Lanka is known as the ―Pearl of the Indian Ocean‖, and it is easy to see why. This little country never fails to please visitors.
Arrive
The national airline is Sri Lankan Airlines, which flies from Colombo to London and a couple of other European cities. The country‘s main airport is Colombo Bandaranaike, located 29km north of the capital city.
Why now?
The best time to visit Sri Lanka‘s southern beaches is from November to April. So by going early in the season, you‘ll get the best weather. Also in November, Deepavali, known as ―Diwali‖ or the ―Festival of Lights‖, is Sri Lanka‘s main religious festival, celebrated throughout the country.
See
There is plenty to see in Sri Lanka. The ancient capital cities of Polonnaruwa and Anuradhapura are worth seeing, and so are many outstanding ruins. Other mustsees are the rock fortress （要塞） of Sigiriya, towering over the jungle as far as the eye can see, and Dambulla‘s cave temple, the country‘s largest and best preserved. Both are UNESCO World Heritage （遗产） Sites. Kandy is a picturesque town, which was the last stronghold of the Kandyan Kings. Today it is a cultural relic centre where ageold customs, arts, and crafts remain.
Do
Sri Lanka owns about 1,600km of beautiful palm-shaded beaches as well as warm, pure seas and colorful coral reefs （珊瑚礁）. You can explore the underwater world, and surfing and diving are available too. Away from the shore, wildlife is a big draw for Sri Lanka, and Yala National Park is one of the best places in the world to see wild animals including leopards （豹） and elephants.
Taste
Sri Lanka is celebrated for its excellent food, with a particular emphasis on fresh fruit and vegetables on menus everywhere. Fish and seafood are a big part of the local diet.
Did you know?
Sri Lanka is known for its tea, but it is also the world‘s largest producer and exporter of
cinnamon（肉桂）.
60. Which of the following is a cultural relic centre of Sri Lanka?
A. Kandy. B. Anuradhapura C. Polonnaruwa.
A. September. B. October. D. Colombo. 61. If you want to know something about ―Diwali‖, you‘d better go there in . C. November. D. May.
62. We learn from the passage that Sri Lanka .
A. is in the Pacific Ocean B. is famous for its excellent food
C. is the world‘s largest producer of tea D. has only flights to London
63. The author wrote the article in order to .
A. introduce the picturesque landscape of Sri Lanka
B. let readers know what is famous in Sri Lanka
C. make Sri Lanka well known throughout the world
D. let people get more travel information about Sri Lanka
答案 ACBD
Passage 5
（吉林省公主岭市范家屯一中2010届高三模拟考试）
Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there's no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children's curiosity（好奇）. Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me "textbook questions" about schooling, salary（薪水）and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, "Now that we're finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?"
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, "Have you ever seen a grasshopper（蚱蜢）eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?"
This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their "wait time" to three seconds or more, children give more logical（符合逻辑的）, complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don't jump in with "That's right" or "Very good". These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior（行为）. But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over.
Instead, keep things going by saying "That's interesting" or "I'd never thought of it that way before", or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to "Think". It doesn't make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What's more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target（目标）for your disagreement.
Lastly, show; don't tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass（放大镜）, and they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates（蒸发）, set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
41. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is _______.
A. to let them see the world around B. to share the children's curiosity
C. to explain difficult phrases about science D. to supply the children with lab equipment
42. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word "lists" could best be replaced by ______.
A. any questions B. any problems
C. questions from textbooks D. any number of questions
43. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ________.
A. ask them to answer quickly B. wait for one or two seconds after a question
C. tell them to answer the next day D. wait at least for three seconds after a question
44. In which of the following paragraph（s）does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?
A. The second and third. B. The fourth and fifth. C. The fifth and sixth. D. The seventh.
45. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children's curiosity except that adults should ________.
A. tell their children stories instead of reciting（背诵）facts
B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves
C. be patient enough when their children answer questions
D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own
答案 BCDCA
Passage 6
（浙江省海盐县元济高级中学2010届高三第一次月考）
There are several reasons for hair loss in women. However, in most cases, treatment is quite effective. Female hair loss patterns in women are not as easily recognizable as they are in men. A woman may experience it temporarily due to pregnancy or illness, although they may experience it for other reasons.
Hair loss can be due to a variety of factors, including a genetic tendency (which is not genetically linked to just one parent—both parents contribute to the tendency to lose hair).
Women who are experiencing hair problems seem to have more limited choices than men. There are some female hair loss treatments that are available such as the Tricomin System which is a topical treatment that is nutrition based. Shen Min for Women is another natural treatment that contains herbs (药草) that are said to stimulate(刺激) hair growth and even restore hair that is graying to its natural color.
The majority of the popular, proven hair loss treatments are only intended for men and are not suitable for women. True, a woman‘s hair issue is different from a man‘s. The biological makeup is different and the needs are different. Women have different needs and their bodies react in different ways to environmental changes, physical illness and even the treatments that are available. There are many natural treatments such as vitamin and mineral supplements that are said to stimulate hair growth, but, for the most part, these claims are currently unproven.
One of the first and most important factors to effectively treating is to get a diagnosis from a doctor. Talk to your doctor about any symptoms that you may be experiencing in addition to the thinning hair. Stress, weight loss or gain, illness and depression, all of these can be contributing factors.
73. It can be learned from the 1st paragraph that ___________.
A. usually hair loss is hard to heal
B. female hair loss is more common than the men‘s
C. women tend to suffer from hair loss during the pregnant period
D. only illness contributes to hair loss
74. Which of the following statements matches the text about the two treatments?
A. Both are to solve the problem of male hair loss.
B. Tricomin System is effective in speeding the growth of the new hair
C. Shen Min is an updated way of treating hair loss
D. The former is nutrition-based, while the latter is medicine-based.
75. The reasons for the differences between the female and male hair loss problems do not include _______.
A. The biological structure and composition of the hair
B. The wants and needs
C. The reactions and responses to the outside changes
D. The approach to taking exercise
76. The natural treatments __________.
A. include vitamin and mineral supplements
C. have been proved useful
答案 CDDA B. are applied to keep the hair healthy D. are the most commonly-used ways
Passage 7
（甘肃省酒泉市肃州中学2010届高三入学考试）
E
When should a child start learning to read and write? This is one of the questions I am most frequently asked. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike, and it would be wrong to set a time when all should start being taught the intricacies（复杂）of reading letters to form words.
If a three-year-old wants to read（or even a two-year-old for that matter）, the child has the right to be given every encouragement. The fact that he or she might later be ―bored‖ when joining a class of non-readers at child school is the teacher‘s affair. It is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.
Similarly, the child who still cannot read by the time he goes to junior school at the age of seven should be given every help by teachers and parents alike. They should make certain that he is not dyslexic（having difficulty in reading）.
Although parents should be careful not to force youngsters aged two to five to learn to read（ if badly done it could put them off reading for life ）, there is no harm in preparing them for simple recognition of letters by labeling various items in their rooms. For instance, tie a nice piece of cardboard to their bed with BED written in neat, big letters.
Should the young child ask his parents to teach him to read, and if the parents are capable of doing so, such an attraction should not be ignored. But the task should never be made to look like a hard job and the child should never be forced to continue, or his interest should start to flag.
56. This passage is mainly about ____.
A. what qualities people teaching children reading should have
B. different age groupings of children to be taught reading
C. when and how children should be taught reading
D. various problems of children who start learning to read
57. In the writer‘s opinion, children start learning to read ____.
A. early and fast B. at different times
C. by a certain rule D. from word games
58. A three-year-old child who wants to read should ____.
A. be encouraged B. go to an infant school
C. start from fun stories D. join a class of non-readers
59. The purpose of labeling items in the room is to ____.
A. make it more colorful B. teach children to write neatly
C. help children recognize simple letters
D. force children to develop the habit of reading
60. The writer suggests that ____.
A. children should ask their parents to teach them to read
B. children should not feel bored if given advanced reading material
C. children starting to read should ask specialists for help
D. children should be taught with patience, care and a sense of humour
答案 56 C 57 B 58 A 59 C 60 D
Passage 8
（贵州省巴结中学2010届高三10月月考）
A
Without most people realizing it, there has been a revolution in office work over the last ten years. Before that time, large computers were only used by large, rich companies that could afford the investment. With the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market, which are capable of doing the work that used to be done by much larger and expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them
The main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors（处理器）, or WPS as they are often called. 40% of British offices are now estimated to have a word processor and this percentage is growing fast.
There are many advantages in using a word processor for both secretary and manager. The secretary is freed from a lot of daily work, such as re-typing letters and storing papers. He or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss. From a manager‘s point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours.
But is it all good? If a lot of daily secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed. Another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units（显示器）. The case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly. It is also feared that if a woman works at a VDU for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed. Safety screens to put over a VDU have been invented but few companies in England bother to buy them.
Whatever the arguments for and against word processor, they are a key feature（特征）of this revolution in office practice.
41. Ten years ago, smaller companies did not use large computers because_________.
A. these companies had not enough money to buy such expensive computers
B. these computers could not do the work that small computers can do today
C. these computers did not come onto the market
D. these companies did not need to use this new technology
42. According to the writer, the main feature of the revolution in office work over the last ten years is __________.
A. the saving of time and money
C. the wide use of word processors B. the use of computers in small companies D. the decreasing number of secretaries
43. It is implied but not directly stated in the passage that with the use of word processors _________.
A. some secretaries will lose their jobs
B. daily jobs can be done automatically outside office hours
C. medical problems related to work with a VDU have increased greatly
D. the British companies will make less money
44. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. There are both advantages and disadvantages in using a word processor.
B. The British companies care much for the health of the people using word processors.
C. The technology in the field of computers has been greatly advanced over the last ten years.
D. Using word processors, secretaries can get more time to do more interesting work for their bosses.
45. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
A. safety screens are of poor quality
B. working at a VDU for a long time is good for one‘s health
C. more and more British offices will use word processors
D. British companies will need fewer and fewer managers
答案 41-45 ACABC
Passage9
（贵州省巴结中学2010届高三10月月考）
C
Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of person‘s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend
on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.
51. The writer is in favor of the view that man‘s intelligence is given to him____________.
A. at birth B. through education
C. both at birth and through education D. neither at birth nor through education
52. If a child is born with low intelligence, he can_____________________.
A. become a genius
B. still become a genius if he should be given special education
C. reach his intelligence limits in rich surroundings
D. not reach his intelligence in his life.
53. In the second paragraph, the underlined sentence means if we_______________.
A．pick any two persons B. take out two different persons
C. choose two persons who are relative D. choose two persons with different intelligence
54. The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows_________.
A. the importance of their intelligence B. the role of environment on intelligence
C. the importance of their positions D. the part that birth plays
55. The best title of the passage can be _______________.
A. Surroundings B. Intelligence
C. Dependence on Environment D. Effect of education
答案 51-55 CCABB
Passage 10
（贵州省大山中学2010届高三10月月考）
（B）
The largest animal ever to live on earth is the blue whale. It weighs about 80 tons—more than 24 elephants. It is more than 30 metres long. A new-born baby whale weighs as much as a big elephant.
Cats can survive falls from very high place because they can turn themselves up the right way so as to keep their body safe. One cat fell 32 floors on to the street, but was just hurt a little.
A bear can run as fast as a horse.
A new-born panda is smaller than a mouse, and weighs about 100 grams.
Elephants are the most careful animals in their love. A male elephant may show his lady love for up to three years until the lady takes his love. They often show their love by touching each other‘s body.
Usually, wolves do not attack people, for years a Canadian newspaper says that they show that a wolf had attacked a person. But nobody could do that. Wolves do not usually go together though they may do this in winter.
61. How much does a new-born blue whale weigh?
A. More than 3 tons B. About 24 tons C. 80 tons D. 10 tons
62 Cats can survive falls because_____ in the fall.
A. they can keep themselves safe
B. they are small and very soft
C. they can keep themselves away
D. they can put something under their bodies.
63. Elephants show their love by_____.
A. looking at each other B. touching each other
C. courting each other D. moving their bodies
64. A wolf won‘t attack people except______.
A. in a special case B. in winter C. in packs D. that they have babies. 答案 AABA
Passage 11
（贵州省丰都中学2010届高三10月月考）
C
An American researcher has developed a simple device to help people stop The device limits the movements of the tissues（组织）that cause the unpopular sound. Snoring is a common problem. It may prevent a person from getting enough sleep. It may also prevent enough oxygen from reaching heart and lungs during sleep. But for most people, snoring affects relations with another person who must sleep in the back room.
Snoring happens when the sleeping person breathes with the mouth open. In the back of the mouth the tissues surrounding the entrance of the throat are soft. As the person breathes, the movement of the air around the soft tissues causes them to move or vibrate（颤动）. This tissue movement causes the sound we call snoring. A number of possible solutions have been proposed. Some devices keep the mouth shut. They force the patient to breathe only through the nose. A medical operation is also possible. Other devices catch the sound of snoring and then wake the patient. The new anti-snoring device was developed by a dentist, George Wagner of the Indian University School of Dentistry. He developed a piece of plastic that fits up against the inside of the mouth. The device keeps the soft tissues from vibrating and making the snoring noise. It is worn only at night. Doctor Wagner said that the simple device has ended several patients‘ snoring problem in a simple way.
45. The underlined word ―snoring‖（in paragraph 1）probably means ____.
A. speaking while one sleeps
C. noises made while one sleeps
46. Snoring happens ____.
A. when dreaming at night, even during the day
B. when breathing with one‘s mouth closed
C. when sleeping with one‘s mouth open B. dreaming while on sleeps D. sighs given while one sleeps
D. when being poor in health
47. From the passage we know that the simplest and more efficient way to prevent a person from snoring is ____.
A. to keep the soft tissues from vibrating
B. to give the patient a medical operation
C. to wake him/her up as soon as he /she snores
D. to make him/her listen to the sound of snoring
48. How many possible solutions to snoring have been proposed in the passage?
A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five
答案 45—48 CCAC
Passage 12
（贵州省回龙中学2010届高三10月月考）
B
Let children learn to judge their own work. A. child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people‘s. In the same way, children learn to do all the other things without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle…They compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake. If it is a matter in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time in such routine（日常的）work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can‘t find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what he does not know.
45. According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by_____.
A. listening to skilled people‘s advice. B. asking older people many questions
C. making mistakes and having them corrected D. doing what other people do
46. Which of the following does the writer think teachers should NOT do?.
A. Give children correct answers B. Allow children to mark mistakes.
C. Point out children‘s mistakes to them. D. Let children mark their own work
47. According to the writer, teachers in school should _____
A. allow children to learn from each other
B. point out children‘s mistakes whenever found
C. correct children‘s mistakes as soon as possible
D. give children more book knowledge
48. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are____
A. different from learning other skills
C. more important than other skills B. the same as learning skills D. not really important skills
49. The title of this passage could probably be_____
A. Let Us Teachers Stop Work B. Let Us Make Children Learn
C. Let Children Correct Their Exercises
答案 CABD D. Let Children Learn by Themselves
Passage 13
（河北省邯郸市磁县2010届高三质量检测）
D
You can be proud of yourselves, even if you can only make one or two of these green changes. The goal here is to limit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which are closely associated to the big problem of global-warming.
Strategy 1: Bring your own cup to Starbucks
You‘ll get a 10 cent discount, and it‘s one less paper cup to end up in a landfill. While you‘re there, pick up some free bags of spent coffee grounds to use as ??green‘‘ fertilizer in your garden.
The payoff: The store won‘t create more waste when they throw away a cup.
Strategy2: Turn off your computer
When in standby mode, your PC is still using energy. In fact, 75percent of electricity used in your home comes from electronics that are turned off.
The payoff: Turning off a monitor for 40 hours a week may only save $5 a month, but it
reduces CO2 by 750 pounds
Strategy 3: Reuse plastic bags
Instead of throwing away 100 billion plastic bags a year, try and get a second, third, or tenth use out of them. Better yet, next time you shop, try a reusable bag.
The payoff: You‘re reducing pollution. The amount of oil it would take to make just 14 plastic bags would run your car for one mile.
Strategy4: Use recycled paper in the bathroom
Most of the toilet paper we use is made from trees found in forests previously untouched by humans.
The payoff: If every household replaced one roll of toilet paper with a recycled one, 424000 trees would still be standing. Look for eco paper towels too.
Strategy5: Buy energy-efficient appliances（电器）
Replace the old fridge with an Energy Star appliance and you‘ll use 15 percent less energy. It might be a little expensive to buy, but you‘ll save money on your electricity bills and help the environment.
The payoff: If we all used one Energy Star appliance at home, it would be like planting 1. 7 million acres of new trees.
Strategy 6: Plant a tree
Adding green to your garden is beautiful and earth-pleasing.
The payoff: Just one tree will help make cleaner air and save the environment from 5000 pounds of hot carbon dioxide each year.
53. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Ways to save money at home
B. Ways to be earth-friendly
C. Ways to end global-warming
D. Ways to limit carbon dioxide
54. According to the writer, what will happen if our PC is switched off when not in use?
A. It will help to save a large amount of money.
B. It will help to reduce a great deal of CO2.
C. It will save the amount of oil that runs your car for a mile
D. It will be like planting 1. 7 million acres of new trees.
55. Which strategies suggest recycling or reuse of things?
A. Strategies 1&3
C. Strategies 3&6 B. Strategies 2&5 D. Strategies 4&5.
56. What benefits do these strategies have in common?
A. They all help reduce the use of energy like electricity.
B. They all cut down the amount of the paper.
C. They all result in producing less greenhouse gases.
D. They all help to preserve our trees and forest.
答案 53---56 BBAC
Passage 14
（湖南省湘潭市外国语学校2010届高三第二次月考）
（C）
Scientists recently discovered that pictures on cave walls at Creswell Crags are the oldest known in Great Britain. But they didn‘t find out in the usual way. can measure the age of carbon found in charcoal（木炭）drawings or painted pictures. Carbon is an element found in many things, including charcoal and even people. But in this case, there was no paint or charcoal to test. People carved the pictures of animals and figures into the rock using stone tools. The scientists had an ―aha!‖ moment when they noticed small rocks stuck to the top of the drawings. The small rocks must have formed after the drawings were made.
―It is rare to be able to scientifically date rock art,‖ said Alistair Pike, an archaeological scientist at Britain‘s University of Bristol. ―We were very fortunate that some of the engravings were covered by stalagmites（石笋）.
When a test proved that the stalagmites formed 12,800 years ago, the scientists knew the art underneath them had to be at least that old. And some of the animals shown, like the European bison, are now extinct--another tip-off that the art is quite old.
The artists came to Creswell Crags, This place is one of the farthest points north reached by our ancient ancestors during the Ice Age. At that time, much of the North Sea was dry, so people
could move about more easily.
Some tools and bones found there are 13,000 to 15,000 years old. They show that the travelers hunted horses, reindeer, and arctic hare. Their artwork is similar to art in France and Germany. It tells scientists that the Creswell Crags artists must have had a close connection to peoples several thousand kilometers away－another important clue to understanding how humans spread out across the world.
62. Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage?
A. Cave Art About Animals Is Most Beautiful
B. Cave Art Found in an Unusual Way
C. Cave Art Turns Out to Be Britain‘s Oldest
D. Cave Art in Britain
63. The underlined word ―archaeologists‖ in this passage probably means people ________.
A. who study things left behind by people in the past
B. who have rich experience in painting
C. who are interested in wild animals
D. who are good at using stone tools
64. Why do scientists say the art is quite old?
A. The art was carved into stone with stone tools.
B. The animals carved in the stone are beautiful.
C. The cave is one of the farthest point in the world.
D. Some pictures were covered by stalagmites more than 10,000 years old.
65. By studying the cave art, scientists know something about _________.
A. how ancient people crossed the North Sea
B. why some of the animals have died out
C. how humans spread out across the world
D. what kind of animals people hunt at that time
答案 CAD
Passage 15
（江苏省南京市金陵中学2010届高三10月月考）
C
Research shows that humans switch from selfish to unselfish behaviour when they are watched. Do you?
A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause a change in the
way people act. Even images of eyes on a charity donation, collection box
encourage people to be unselfish, because people put more money in a
collection box that has a picture of eyes on it than they do when a flower
symbol is on the box.
Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the University of Berlin,
the authors of a new study, found that people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behaviour. Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow coded into humans and people respond this way unconsciously, or without realising it.
It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are being watched. A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish. When other fish are around, it is gentler. When no other fish are around, however, the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish it is supposed to be cleaning.
The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to behave in the correct way is to make them feel watched. This could be the reason for the success of a famous American army poster. On it was a picture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing, it appeared, to the person who was looking at the poster. Under the picture was the caption 'I Want You' It encouraged hundreds of thousands of young American men to join the army during the Second World War to fight the Germans and Japanese.
63．According to the report, why does a person behave better when he feels he is being watched?
A．He does not want to be shamed by others. B．He needs to show he is a good person. C．He desires others to like him more. D．He feels he will receive some social reward.
64．The underlined word 'coded' (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to .
A．hidden B．programmed C．forgotten D．
leaned
65．What is the text mainly about?
A．It describes changed behaviour when observed. B．It details ways to control people's behaviour. C．It tells how to make people work harder.
D．It discusses different advertising methods.
66．According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
A．People pretend to behave better when they are watched. B．Fish bite other fish in a fish tank when they are alone. C．People donate more money when they feel they are watched. D．Soldiers fought better during World War II because of a poster.
67．Where would the study described in the text most likely be found?
A．In a newspaper. C．In an advertising magazine. B．In a scientific journal. D．In a science textbook.
答案 63—67 DBACB
Passage 16
（四川省成都石室中学2010届高三10月月考）
B
Research on the human brain has been attracting more and more scientists in recent years, just like the booming hi-tech industry. One of the latest research topics is how to change the human brain or combine the computer and the human brain, i.e. to transplant a chip into a human brain. This idea may make everyone‘s dream come true. If we compare a human brain to a hard disc, what the scientists are doing is to enlarge the capacity of the hard disc. For the time being, there are some difficulties in such transplant experiments, but scientists never give up.
Experiments have started on animals. In 1996, a transplant experiment performed at the Defense and Military Physiology Research Institute in the U.S. turned a bear into a dolphin.
The dolphin was named Ted, and the bear was named Tallin. Using the most advanced technology available, deep and detailed images were made of the memory area in Ted‘s brain containing information about swimming by the scientists. They obtained a series of useful information, the signals transferred by the nervous system. Such information was saved into a
button-sized chip, which was then transplanted into the action memory area in Tallin‘s brain. The information saved on the chip was released by means of electric power.
Recently, another comprehensive memory transplant was performed at the Motor Nerve Research Institute of the University of California. The comprehensive memory transplanted in the experiment included actions, moods, logic, words, images, etc. The experiment involved an entire transplant of the memory area. This was the largest such experiment done so far.
The transplant was performed making a transfer from a dog named ―Genius‖ to a dog named ―Idiot‖. ―Genius‖ could understand and follow up to 100 gestures and orders made by its master. It was a real genius in memorizing. ―Idiot‖ was the younger brother of ―Genius‖. It had no contact with people at all since its birth. It became an animal with nothing in its brain, without any memory. . When the two dogs woke up, ―Idiot‖ had grasped all the abilities ―Genius‖ possessed; it was good at memorizing and sensible. It could follow every gesture and any command given by its master. But ―Genius‖ gave no response to its master, and in fact did not recognize him at all.
45. The purpose of the experiment is _____.
A. to combine the computer and the human brain B. to make bear swim
C. to make some stupid dog turn clever D. to enlarge the capacity of human brain
46. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The scientists transferred a button-sized chip with useful information in Tallin‘s brain.
B. The first comprehensive memory transplant was performed at the Motor Nerve Research University.
C. The second experiment wasn‘t an entire transplant of the memory area.
D. The Idiot was an animal with memory before brain experiment
47. What does the underlined word ―success‖ refer to?
A. The two dogs woke up.
B. They were both good at memorizing.
C. The Idiot grasped all the abilities of Genius.
D. The Genius grasped all the abilities of Idiot.
48. According to the text, we can infer _____.
A. a person can know more after the experiment
B. a bear can swim after being transferred a chip with related useful information
C. a dog can become clever after entire transplant of the memory area
D. it is really good for animals to have been involved in the transplant experiment
答案 45-48 DACB
Passage 17
（天津市蓟县下营中学2010届高三第一次模拟）
C
Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind situational loneliness is a natural result of a particular situation. For example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type chronic（长期的）loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person‘s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.
Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons; they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and
serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.
46. How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?
A. Talk to friends.
B. Just ignore it. D. Ask your teachers for guidance. C. Go to see a doctor.
47. ―It‖ in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to ______.
A. temporary loneliness
C. a new place B. situational loneliness D. sleeplessness
48. The topic of the 4th paragraph is that______.
A. one problem of loneliness is a person‘s social contacts
B. we depend on various people for different reasons
C. lonely people don‘t have many social problems
D. lonely people don‘t have many friends
49. Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?
A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problems.
B. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness.
C. Chronic loneliness cannot be overcome.
D. A, B, and C are all correct.
50. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Three Kinds of Loneliness.
B. Loneliness and Diseases. D. Chronic Loneliness. C. Loneliness and Social Contacts.
答案 46-50BBABA
Passage 18
（安徽省巢湖市示范高中2010届高三上学期四校联考期中考试）
C
I know what you‘re thinking: pizza（比萨饼）? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night‘s I know lots of women who skip breakfast（不吃早餐）, and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it. Some say they don‘t have time; others think they‘re ―saving‖ calories（卡路
里）；still others just don‘t like breakfast food .
But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you‘re trying to lose weight. ―Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,‖ says Katherine Brooking R.D. , who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year‘s ―SELF CHALLENGE‖. And even pizza can be healthy if it‘s loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece.
Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.
So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night‘s leftovers—it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, ―You can always eat it tomorrow,‖ I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it. You may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects.
64. The word ―leftovers‖ in Paragraph 1 probably means__________.
A. food remaining after a meal B. things left undone
C. meals made of vegetables D. pizza topped with fruit
65. What can we infer from the text?
A. Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry.
B. Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.
C. There are some easy ways of cooking a meal.
D. Eating vegetables helps save energy.
66. According to the last paragraph, it is important to____________.
A. eat something for breakfast B. be careful about what you eat u
C. heat up food before eating it D. eat calorie-controlled food
67. The text is written mainly for those_____________.
A. who go to work early B. who want to lose weight
C. who stay up late D. who eat before sleep
答案 64-67 ABAB
Passage 19
（山东省师大附中2010届高三第一次模拟考试）
A
We have met the enemy, and he is ours. We bought him at a pet shop. When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest, suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest, it‘s hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings. ―Most of the infections (感染) we think of as human infections started in other animals,‖ says Stephen Morse, director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University.
It‘s not just that we‘re going to where the animals are; we‘re also bringing them closer to us. Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country. A strange illness killed Isaksen‘s pets, and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea. ―I don‘t think it‘s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them,‖ says Isaksen.
―Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing,‖ says Peter Schantz. Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners. We know very little about these new diseases. A new bug (病毒) may be kind at first. But it may develop into something harmful. Monkey-pox doesn‘t look a major infectious disease. But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person.
56. We learn from Paragraph 1 that the pet sold at the shop may _________.
A. come from Columbia B. prevent us from being infected
C. enjoy being with children D. suffer from monkey-pox
57. Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets?
A. They attack human beings. B. We need to study native animals.
C. They can‘t live out of the rain forest. D. We do not know much about them yet.
58. What does the phrase ―the wake-up call‖ in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. a new disease B. a clear warning C. a dangerous animal D. a morning call
59. The text suggests that in the future we _______.
A. may have to fight against more new diseases
B. may easily get infected by diseases from dogs
C. should not be allowed to have pets
D. should stop buying pets from Africa
60. The last paragraph means _________.
A. we should have laws to stop having pets at home
B. wild animals shouldn‘t adopted as pets
C. laws should be passed to avoid pets‘ diseases spreading
D. people with pets should be stayed at home
答案 DDBAC
Passage20
(湖南省长郡中学2010届高三第三次月考)
B
It‘s not just adults who have a thing or two to discuss with other people, babies too have their own social lives and enjoy group interaction, according to a world-first study.
The breakthrough study conducted by psychologist Professor Ben Bradley, at Charles Sturt University, could completely transform the way child-care centres are set up. In their study, the researchers examined groups of nine-month-old babies in new South Wales and Britain.
And they came across astonishing results – it was found that infants had ―social brains‖ and focused not just on their mothers but on social life in groups as well.
―They communicate with more than one baby at once, and show jealousy and generousness,‖ said Professor Bradley.
He added, ―They develop their own meanings through group interaction, they notice if a group member is behaving differently and they take on roles, such as leaders and followers.‖
―A baby who has a depressed mother tends to be withdrawn（内向的）, but put that same baby in a group of its peers（同龄人）and they behave and interact like any other baby.‖
It was the first all-baby group study ever to be conducted. ―Most studies of babies concentrate on the infant-mother relationship, assuming that is the single foundation for mental health, but babies are constantly involved with groups of people other than their mothers: fathers, siblings, grandparents and those taking care. Therefore, the ?mother-baby approach‘ needs to be combined with a ?group approach‘,‖ said Bradley.
Phoebe Christison, a child-care worker at Camperdown Sunshine Bubs in Sydney‘s inner west, said she often noticed what appeared to be emotional attachments developed between She said, ―Joel（10 months）and Isabella（11 months）always like to hold hands when they sit in their high chairs and eat. And babies definitely show jealousy. They push and touch each other, and copy what the other is doing.‖
61. Which of the following statements about the study is TRUE?
A. It‘s the first study to look at all-baby groups.
B. It divides babies according to their personalities.
C. Its aim is to change the way of child care.
D. Its results are unbelievable.
62. A baby who has a depressed mother _________.
A. tends to be a follower
C. has poor social ability B. also enjoys group interaction D. pays more attention to its mother
63. What can be inferred from the result of this study?
A. Babies are affected by groups more than by their mothers.
B. There‘s no need of child-care centers at all.
C. Adults should include babies when having social activities.
D. The normal infant-mother bond alone isn‘t enough for the good mental health for babies.
64. The underlined word ―toddlers‖ in Para. 8 can be replaced by ―_________‖.
A. adults B. infants C. peers D. groups
65. The example given in the last paragraph proves that a baby ________.
A. is born to be friendly to other babies
B. has interest in peers as well as in its mother
C. may have emotional attachments to another baby
D. shows jealousy and generousness as an adult
答案 ABDBC
Passage21
(湖南省长郡中学2010届高三第三次月考)
C
Want to lose weight? Try eating. That‘s one of the ways being developed by scientists experimenting with foods that trick the body into feeling full.
At he Institute of Food Research in Norwich, England, food expert Peter Wilde and his colleagues are developing foods that slow down the digestive system, which then sends a signal to the brain that stops appetite. ―That fools you into thinking you‘ve eaten far too much when you really haven‘t,‖ said Wilde. From his studies on fat digestion, he said it should be possible to make foods, from bread to yoghurt, that make it easier to diet. While the research is still in its early stages, Wilde‘s approach to controlling appetite is one that some doctors say could be a key to ―Being able to switch off appetite would be a big help for people having trouble losing weight,‖ said Steve Bloom, a professor of investigative medicine at London‘s Imperial College, who is not connected to Wilde‘s research. Bloom said that regulating appetite through foods is theoretically possible. But Bloom warned that controlling appetite may be very challenging. ―The body has lots of things to prevent its regulatory systems from being tricked,‖ he said.
Wilde‘s research makes use of the body‘s ways of digesting fat. Fat normally gets broken down in the first part of the small intestines（肠道）. When you eat a high-fat meal, however, the body can only digest the fat entirely further down in the intestines, which then causes the body to produce a kind of chemical to stop the appetite.
Wilde‘s approach copies what happens with a high-fat meal. He coats fat droplets（滴）in foods with modified proteins from plants, so it takes longer for the chemical that breaks down fat to reach it. That means that the fat isn‘t digested until it hits the far reaches of the intestines. At that point, intestinal cells send a signal telling the brain it‘s full. Even though the body hasn‘t had a high-fat meal, it stops the appetite as if it has. If the fat had been digested earlier in the intestines, no such signal would be sent.
66. According to Wilde‘s research, what could people do if they want to lose weight?
A. Eat more bread and yoghurt. B. Trick the body by eating nothing.
D. Control their digestive system strictly. C. Have foods with fat droplets coated.
67. The underlined word ―obesity‖ in Para. 2 most probably means ―________‖.
A. being too fat
B. eating too much food D. being unhealthy C. stopping appetite
68. What can be inferred about Professor Bloom‘s opinion towards Wilde‘s approach?
A. It won‘t work since the body‘s regulatory systems will never be tricked.
B. It is sure to switch off the appetite of people with a weight problem.
C. It sounds terrible because regulating appetite through foods is not practical at all.
D. It‘s no that easy to trick the body so more research should be done.
69. Which of the following is TRUE about Wilde‘s approach?
A. A kind of chemical is added to make a high-fat meal less fatty.
B. Fat is digested earlier and the body sends a signal telling the brain it‘s full.
C. Fat won‘t get broken down in the first part of the small intestines.
D. The chemical that breaks down fat will not reach the fat.
70. The passage is written to ________.
A. give advice on how to stop eating high-fat meals
B. introduce a research on controlling appetite
C. discuss the argument between two professors
D. show different ways to trick the body
答案 CADCB
Passage 22
(山东省济南外国语学校2010届高三上学期质量检测)
C
It is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean‘s largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.
So biologists were delighted early this year when with the help of the Navy they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days recording its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy‘s formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices across the oceans.
Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian (平民
的) scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.
Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely observing a deep-sea volcanic eruption for the first time and that they planned similar studies. Other scientists have propose to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures. The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second—slower than through land but faster than through air. The most important thing is that different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds focusing them in the same way a stethoscope (听诊器) does when it carries faint noises from a patient‘s chest to a doctor‘s ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles.
66. The passage is chiefly about .
A. an effort to protect an endangered marine species
B. the civilian use of a military detection system
C. the expose of a US Navy top-secret weapon
D. a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales
67. The underwater listening system was originally designed .
A. to trace and locate enemy ships
B. to observe deep-sea volcanic eruptions
C. to study the movement of ocean currents
D. to replace the global radio communications network
68. The deep-sea listening system makes use of .
A. the top-level technology of focusing sounds under water
B. the capability of sound to travel at high speed
C. the unique characteristic of layers of ocean water in carrying sound
D. low-frequency sounds traveling across different layers of water
69. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. new radio devices should be developed on tracking the endangered blue whales
B. blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening system
C. opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technology
D. military technology has great potential in civilian use
70. Which of the following is True about the U. S. Navy underwater listening network?
A. It is now partly available to civilian scientists.
B. It has been replaced by a more advanced system.
C. It became useless to the military after the cold war.
D. It is a must in protecting endangered species.
答案 BACDA
Passage 23
(上海格致中学2010届高三第一学期期中考试)
B
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed．It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive．
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions．They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors．There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed．As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory．The controversy is often referred to as ―nature/nurture‖．
Those who support the ―nature‖ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors．That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory．Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts．
Proponents of the ―nurture‖ theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act．A behaviorist, B．F．Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings．The behaviorists‘ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans‘ respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior．
Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior．In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes．That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain．
69．Which of the following statements would the supporters of the ―nature‖ theory agree with?
A．A person‘s instincts have little effect on his actions． B．Environment is important in determining a person‘s behavior and personality． C．Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act． D．The behaviorists‘ view correctly explains how we act．
70．
A．supports the nature theory B．supports the nurture theory C．believes both are completely wrong D．thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories．
71．In the United States, Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests．With
this in mind, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks． B．Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a
superior environment．
C．Behaviorists would say that Blacks often lack the educational and environmental
advantages that Whites enjoy．
D．Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites． 答案 C D B
Passage 24
（浙江省东阳中学2010届高三上学期期中考试）
D
Climate change connected with the reduction of wetlands at the source of the country‘s two longest rivers, the Yangtze and the Yellow, has reduced the volume of water flowing into them, scientists said.
Scientists studied changes over past 40 years to the wetlands on the cold Qinghai-Tibet
Plateau in west China where the two rivers have their sources.
They found the wetlands on the plateau have shrunk（减少）more than 10 percent over the past four years. The wetlands at the source of the Yangtze have suffered the most, decreasing by 29 percent.
About 17.5 percent of the small lakes at the source of the Yangtze have dried up, the scientists said.
―The wetland plays a key role in holding water and charging the water volume of the rivers,‖ Wang Xugen, a researcher, said.
―The reduction of the wetland on the plateau is closely connected with global warming,‖ Wang said, adding that even though rainfall has increased in the area, the reduction of the wetland has reduced the flow of the Yangtze and the Yellow.
Records by the weather station at the head of the Yangtze showed yearly rainfall at its source increased from 260 mm during 1991-2000 to 323 mm in the period 2001-2006.
―But the increased rainfall didn‘t lead to more water‘s flowing into the rivers because the evaporation（蒸发）was so fast as a result of global warming,‖ Li Shijie, a researcher, said. Another study showed global warming had caused glaciers（冰川） to get smaller, frozen earth to melt, grasslands to turn yellow and rivers to dry up.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau used to have 36,000 glaciers covering an area of 50,000 sq km. In the past 100 years, their area has been reduced by 30 percent.
53. According to the passage, the true statement of the following is that _____.
A. the wetlands at the source of the Yellow have decreased by 29 percent
B. there‘s no more water in about 17.5 percent of the small lakes at the source of the Yangtze
C. the reduction of the wetland on the plateau has nothing to do with global warming
D. yearly rainfall has increased from 260 mm to 323 mm in the past 15 years
54. Which of the following is NOT the result of global warming?
A. Frozen earth melts.
B. Sea level rises. B. Evaporation becomes faster. D. Plants grow better in greenhouses.
55.The area that the glaciers of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau cover is now about _____ sq km.
A. 35,000 B. 12,000 C. 15,000 D. 17,000
56. In the passage, _____ plays a most important part in holding water and changing the volume of the rivers.
A. yearly rainfall
答案 BDAC B. the evaporation C. the wetland D. climate change
Passage 25
（浙江省东阳中学2010届高三上学期期中考试）
E
A popular saying goes, ―Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.‖ However, that‘s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn‘t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves— the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.
We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We‘re usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn‘t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.
This ―self-talk‖ helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to or finally clean your room, join me in saying ―Good job!‖
Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner. Or harsh（刻薄的）and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive.
Words possess power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask
ourselves: Is it true? Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn‘t pass this test, then it‘s better left unsaid.
Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem（自尊）and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.
57. The main idea of the first paragraph is that _____.
A. words have a lasting effect on us
C. negative words may let us down B. inspiring words give us confidence D. not sticks and stones but words will hurt us
58. There is no sense for us to feel embarrassed when we talk to ourselves because _____.
A. almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves
B. talking to ourselves always gives us courage
C. we can benefit from talking to ourselves
D. it does no harm to have ―self-talk‖ when we are alone
59. The underlined part in the third paragraph means that we should also timely _____.
A. remind ourselves
B. praise ourselves D. give ourselves amusement C. make ourselves relaxed
60. The author would probably hold the view that _____.
A. encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers
B. negative words may motivate us to make more progress
C. people tend to remember friendly words
D. it is better to think twice before talking to others
答案 ACBD
Passage 26
（甘肃省天水一中2010届高三第一学期第二次段考）
A
Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good, most
would admit that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to a Chinese student they always
say," My spoken English is poor. " However, their spoken English does not have to remain ―poor‖!
I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English. First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary.
Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary. However, you can speak with a limited
vocabulary, if your attitude is positive. Others will follow you as long as you use the words that
you know.
Second, they are afraid of making mistakes. Sometimes they make mistakes when they are
speaking because they are shy and nervous. Yet students should remember that their goal should
be FLUENCY NOT ACCURACY. Your aim in writing is to be accurate following the rules for
grammar and using the right words and spelling them correctly. However, in speaking your aim is
fluency. You want to get your message across, to talk to someone in English, as quickly and as
well as you can. Even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense, it doesn't matter
because the person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances for any mistakes
he hears.
The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening. You have one mouth but two
ears! All that is heard is necessary for you to start speaking.
Fourth, most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive(主动进攻型)language learners. Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor. If you have this proactive outlook, then you will see English opportunities wherever you go.
If you do not use your English beyond the classroom you will forget what English you know. Remember: USE IT OR LOSE IT! You can learn how to speak English better by speaking English more.
41．What is most probably the writer's purpose in writing the passage?
A．To improve your reading.
B．To improve your listening.
C．To improve your spoken English.
D．To improve your vocabulary.
42．It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _______
A．Don't be fluency．Just be accuracy !
B．Don't be nervous, don't be shy．Just write !
C．Don't be afraid of making mistakes．Just speak !
D．Don't be shy, don't be fluency．Just listen and write !
43．The last paragraph is possibly close to the meaning of "________"
A．More hurry, less speed． B．Better late than never.
C．Silence is gold． D．Practice makes perfect.
44．The text is most probably taken from a _______
A．teacher's diary B．report on study
C．sports newspaper
答案 CCDB D．movie magazine
Passage 27
（贵州省贵阳二中2010届高三第一学期11月月考）
A
Light travels at a speed which is about a million times faster than the speed of sound. In one
second, light travels about 300,000 km, but sound travels only 0.334 km. You can get some idea of this difference by watching the start of a race. If you stand some distance away from the starter, you can see smoke come from his gun before the sound reaches your ears.
This great speed of light produces some strange facts. Sunlight takes about 8 minutes to reach us. If you look at the light of the moon tonight, remember that the light rays left the moon 1.3 seconds before they reached you. The nearest star is so far away that the light which you can see from it tonight started to travel towards you four years ago at a speed of nearly 2 million km per minute. In some cases, the light from one of tonight‘s stars started on its journey to you before you were born.
Thus, if we want to be honest, we cannot say, ―The stars are shining tonight.‖ We have to say, ―The stars look pretty. They were shining four years ago but their light has only just reached Earth.‖
41. Light speed is _____ than sound speed.
A. millions times faster B. a million times slower
C. about millions of times faster D. about a million times faster
42. If you stand 200 meters away from a man who is firing a gun to start a race, you will find out that ___
A. you can hear the gun before you see the smoke
B. sound does not travel as fast as light
C. the sound of the gun will reach you before the man fires his gun
D. sound travels about a million times faster than light
43. The light of the nearest star you see tonight has been ____ for years.
A. on the earth B. on the moon C. away from the sun D. away from the star 答案 DBD
Passage 28
（福建省三校2010届高三上学期期中联考）
B
Many of the most damaging types of weather begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small areas while leaving neighboring areas untouched．Such event as a
tornado（龙卷风）struck the northeastern part of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987．Total damages from the tornado went beyond $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.
Traditional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the slight atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at places separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, traditional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large areas than they do forecasting specific local events.
Until recently, the observation intensive method needed for exact, very short-range forecasts, or ―,‖ was not possible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties concerned in rapidly collecting and processing the weather data from such a network were hard to overcome.
Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar(雷达) systems and satellites are all able to make detailed, nearly continuous observation over large areas at a lower cost. Communications satellites can send out data around the world cheaply and immediately, and modern computers can quickly collect and analyze this large amount of weather information.
Meteorologists（气象学者）and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment able to change weather data into words and graphic displays（图解）that forecasters can understand easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, nowcasting is becoming a reality.
60．Why can‘t traditional computer models predict short-lived local storms?
A．The weather data people collect are often wrong.
B．Detailed weather data in some small areas are not available.
C．The computers are not advanced enough to predict them.
D．The computers are not used to forecast specific local events.
61．The word ―Nowcast‖ in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A．a network to collect storm data B．a way of collecting weather data
C．a more advanced system of weather observation
D．a forecast which can predict weather in the small area
62．What can make ―Nowcasts‖ a reality according to the passage?
A．Scientific and technological advances. B．Advanced computer programs.
C．Computer scientists. D．Meteorologists.
63．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The advantages of ―Nowcasts‖. B．A tornado in Edmonton, AlbertA．
C．The difficulty in predicting tornado. D．A great development in weather forecast. 答案 BDAD
Passage 29
（福建省三校2010届高三上学期期中联考）
D
Around the age of 40, honest people may already admit to noticing changes in their mental abilities. This is the beginning of a gradual decline that in all too many of us will end with full-blown dementia(痴呆).
However, a few drugs that might do the job, known as ―cognitive enhancement(认知增强)‖, are already on the market, and a few dozen others are on the way. Perhaps the best-known is modafinil. Licensed to treat narcolepsy(嗜眠症), the condition that causes people to suddenly fall asleep, it has notable effects in healthy people too. Modafinil can keep a person awake and his or her attention fixed for 90 hours straight, with none of anxiety, nervousness and bad concentration. It‘s an open secret that many, perhaps most, prescriptions for modafinil are written not for people who suffer from narcolepsy, but for those who simply want to stay awake. Similarly, many people are using Ritalin not because they suffer from attention problem or any other disorder, but because they want superior concentration during exams or heavy-duty activities.
Some drugs have also been specially designed to improve memory. Many of these seem to work, and without any major side effects. So why aren‘t we all on cognitive enhancers already?
―We need to be careful what we wish for,‖ says Daniele Piomelli at the University of California at Irvine. Repairing and improving memory may have unwanted effects, he warns.
―Eventually we may end up remembering things we don‘t want to.‖
68. According to the message, we can learn that originally modafinil is a drug designed for _____.
A. for both healthy and unhealthy people B. the treatment of dementia
C. people who can hardly go to sleep D. those suffering from falling asleep suddenly
69. The passage mainly talks about _____.
A. dementia—a threat to the old people
C. relevant drugs to a better brain B. modafinil—a nice drug for dementia D. cognitive enhancement
70. The underlined sentences in paragraph two wants to tell us that _____.
A. without modafinil people suffering from sleep problems cannot rest well
B. people lacking sleep can work better than they are in a healthy state if taking modafinil
C. modafinil has greater effects on healthy people if they take it
D. with modafinil people suffering from narcolepsy can fall asleep easily
71. What‘s the writer‘s attitude to the drugs mentioned in the passage?
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Objective. D. Doubtful.
答案 DCBC