定语从句
1.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示
a clever boy The boiling water Fallen leaves The man who you are looking for
2.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning?
3.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词
4.关系词 引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：_________ _________ _________ ___________ _________
关系副词：______ ___________ __________
一．关系代词引导的定语从句
练习1：合并下列句子，判断关系词句子中充当的成分
1. He is the man . I told you about him.
2 These are some trees. They were planted last year.
3. This recorder is made in Japan. He is using it.
4 Wang Lin is our monitor. She is 16 years old.
5 This is the girl. Her parents are doctors.
6. This is the book .Its cover is blue.
归纳 that 指人/物，作___________ 或 _________
. which 指物，作_________或 _________
who指人,作____________
whose 在定语从句中作__________，表示引导词，与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。
whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。
练习2 用适当的关系代词填空。
1. He is the model worker __________we should learn from.
2. A dictionary is a book_______ often helps us to know the meanings of the words.
3. The boy _________father is a professor is one of my best friends.
4. The house ________roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt
5.I have a friend ___________ likes listening to the classical music.
6.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _____________ I gave her.
7.The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player.
特别提醒
（一）只用that，不用which的情况：
. 1.先行词被all, very, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时
2.序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时；
3.先行词前有the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时；
4.all, little, much, few, none, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代词作先行词；
5.先行词既有人也有物
6.主句以which, who, what开头的疑问句
（二）先行词是one，ones，those, anyone, he时，关系词只用who
Those _____ want to go to the Great Wall will sign up here.
（三）只用which，不用that
1、非限制性定语从句
I have lost the pen, _____ I like very much.
2、用在介词后
例如：有机器的房间是车间。
The room __________ there is a machine is a workshop.
The room __________ there is a machine in is a workshop.
(四)“介词+关系代词”型定语从句考点
1.关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。
This is the book _____ which I paid 5 yuan.
The man to _____ you nodded is one of my father’s partners.
二．关系副词引导的定语从句
1.When 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如time, day,hour,year等）
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
2.Where 表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词（如place, room, house,street, area等）
This is the place where my mother was born.
3.Why 表示原因，常用在先行词reason的后面。
I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.
关系副词都等于一个适当的 介词＋which，在从句中作状语
When=in/at/on/…+which;
Where=in/at/on/…+which;
Why=for /…+which
比较：
1. I still remember the day ____ I first came to Beijing.
先行词 “the day” 在从句中做__________, 表示时间:
I first came to Beijing _____ _____ _____. (所以用关系副词__________。)
比较：I still remember the day ( _________ ) we spend together.
先行词 “ the day” 在从句中做spend_________：
We spend _____ _____ together. （所以在该句中用关系代词 _______________，并且可省略）
2. This is the place __________ we worked last year.
先行词 “the place”在从句中做_________，表示地点：
We worked _____ _____ _______ last year. ( 所以用关系副词__________。)
比较：This is the place (_________) we visited last year.
先行词 “the place”在从句中做visited的_________：
We visited _____ _____ last year.( 所以用关系代词_______________,并且可省略。)
u
选择适当的关系词完成句子
1.October 1,1949 was the day ________the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2.October 1, 1949 was the day___________ he will never forget.
3. This is the house ________I was born.
4. This is the house________ windows are very clean.
5.This is the house ___________I love very much.
6.This is the house _________is very beautiful.
7.This is the reason __________he was late.
8.This is the reason ___________ he gave us.
三. 非限制性定语从句：即用逗号与主句或先行词分开，用于补充说明。
(1) which: 用于指代先行词（物），或整个主句，不能省略。
(2) who / whom: 用于指代先行词（人），不能省略。
(3) all / some of + which / whom: 用于指代先行词的部分。
e.g. 1.Last week I met John, _________ seemed to be very excited.
2. 注意：在非限制性定从中，不能用that。
1). I like the book, _________ was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。
2.) I like the book _________ was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。
3. .Which可指前面整个句子。
The sun sends out light and heat, which makes it possible for living things to exist on the earth.
His father is an engineer, ____ makes him very proud.
Ａ．for what Ｂ. which Ｃ. that Ｄ. what
四． AS引导的定语从句
（一）、限制性定语从句中
1．先行词有the same或such引导或先行词为the same或such时，例如：
It is the same situation ______ 10 years ago when I left.
Such people _________ you describe are rare nowadays.
2．在so… as…或as…as…结构中，先行词前的定语被so或as修饰时，例如：
She is not so happy a man ______ you think.
I have never seen as beautiful flowers ______ you have.
先行词前有the same 修饰，表示和先行词是同一物时;如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物，则用the same…as….如：
1. This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。
2. This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。
（二）、非限制性定语从句中
先行词为整个句子，可用as或引which导，常用逗号分开，可置于句首、句中或句末，但在句首或句中间时只能用as来引导，例如：
1.David, ______ you all know, is a great painter. （定语从句插在中间）
2.______ is known to us all, we should be equal before laws. （定语从句插在中间）
3.China is a large country, ____________ is known to us all. （定语从句插在中间）
as的这种用法常见于以下这些结构:as we can see, as can be seen, as we know, as is（well） known, as may be imagined, as often happens, as has been said before, as was mentioned above, as is often the case, a s/indeed it is… 而which不可。
五、定语从句的主谓一致
（一）一般来讲，定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。例如：
1．I am not one who is afraid of difficulty．我是个不怕困难的人。
2．Don''t choose me，who am not qualified for this job．不要选我，我不适合做这项工作。
3．Anyone who has questions to ask， please come to my office this afternoon．有问题要问的人，今天下午到我办公室来。
（二） one of+复数名词+ + 谓语（复数）
the only one of+复数名词+ + 谓语（单数） 如：
1. That is one of the most valuable dictionaries that _________ (have) appeared in recent years．
那本词典是近几年来所见到的最有价值的词典之一。
2. He is the only one of those workers who _________ (be) able to do this job．
他是那些工人中唯一能做此工作的人。
六．定语从句中，当先行词为situation,point,position,state,stage,case时用where引导从句
1. We will discuss a number of cases ________ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
2. After graduation she reached a point in her career __________ she needed to decide what to do
定语从句练习
I．填关系词:
1. This is the very thing _______ I am after.
2. We talked about the men and the things _______ we remembered at school.
3. Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth？
4. He often speaks the role he played in the play, _______ made others upset
5. Anyone ______ has the money can join the group.
6. He opened the door, in front of _______ sat a boy.
7. The man to _______ I spoke is a famous scientist.
8. The boy ________ parents were dead was brought up by his uncle.
9.I don’t like the way _____ you speak to your parents.
II． 对比练习:
1. (1) This is the house _________ I once lived.
(2) This is the house _________ I once visited.
A. that B. when C. where D. there
2. (1) I won’t forget the days ______ we studied in the college.
(2) I won’t forget the days ______ we spent together.
A. which B. when C. who D. on which
3. (1) Taiwan is part of China, ______ is known to all.
(2) _______ is known to all, Taiwan is part of China
.A. that B. which C. As D. Which
4. (1) The reason _______ he explained to me is unreasonable.
(2)He couldn’t give the teacher a good reason ______ he was late for school.
A. why B. for that C. which D. whose
5. (1) He has three daughters, all of ______ are doctors.
(2)He has three daughters, and all of ______ are doctors.
A. who B. whom C. that D. them
6. (1) He still lives in the room _____ window faces to the east.
(2) He still lives in the room, the window _____ faces to the east.
(3)He still lives in the room _____ is in the north of the city.
(4)He still lives in the room _____ there is a beautiful table.
A. which B. whose C. where D. of which
7. (1) He is such a good teacher_____ we all like him.
(2) He is such a good teacher_____ we all like.
A. whom B. that C. as D. which
IV. 合并句子:
1. Beijing has a long history. Beijing is the capital of China .
_____________________________________________________________________
2. I remembered the soldier. He told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Xi’an is one of the few cities with city walls. Its walls remain as good as before.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. The college is a famous one. He studied in the college for four years.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. He said that he had never seen her before. It was not true.
_____________________________________________________________________
V. 选词填空：（选用关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose, as关系副词when, where, why 填空）
Mrs. White is a good lady. (1)________ is known to everyone, she is very kind and helpful to her neighbors. A few days ago, she heard her new neighbors ，(2)_________ name she forgot， would come and move into his new house, (3)__________ is only 20 meters away from hers, but she had never seen him. One day when she came back home, she saw a man (4)__________ was wearing a brown hat carrying a ladder on his shoulder. The man put the ladder against the window (5)_________ faces north. Mrs. White said to herself, “Thief, it is a thief.” She rang up the police immediately and soon two policemen appeared in front of the house (6)_________ the thief wanted to steal things. When the man was told to hand in everything (7)__________ he had stolen，the man shrugged his shoulders and made a face, (8)_________ made the policemen and Mrs. White angry. The man looked surprised. It was then (9)__________ the man understood the reason (10)__________ the policemen came. The man said with a smile, “I can’t find my key. But it’s my new house.”
VI 高考链接
1.While she was getting me settled into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away 36 there was a garage. (07广东高考语法填空)
2. All of a sudden, her handicap was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl, 35 smile just melted me and almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (08深圳调研语法填空)
3.He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder____________ had been his teacher (10年，广东高考）
4.Eight years on he is suffering from PTSD(创伤后遗症), _____________ led him to write a book about his experiences after the 9·11 terrorist attack. (10年，佛山模拟）
5. His way lay through a forest in__________________ there were many monkeys. (10年, 广东模拟)
6.“To learn through use” is a good piece of advice for those _____________ are studying a new language. (10年, 广东模拟)
7. It is certainly a job that will appeal to anyone________ loves animals and travel. (10年, 广东模拟)
8. One thing I couldn’t get used to was the clouds of cigarette smoke _______________ filled the air and our lungs. (10年, 广东模拟)
9.We should keep away from all the bad habits and try to form such habits ________ will be good for ourselves and others. (10, 惠州第三次调研)