社会热点问题调研报告

——关于春运期间“一票难求”的调研

班级：20XX级软件1班

姓名与学号：

一、前言

1．调查背景：“春节”是一个中国人心目中极有分量的节日，作为中国的传统，这是全家团圆的节日，在外打拼的人们可以卸下一年的重担，回家与亲人团聚。而且，在这个长假里，很多人都会走亲访友，同时，随着生活水平的提高，家庭出游也备受人们推崇。然而，这一切的行为都离不开交通运输。铁路运输是春运的最主要的交通方式，但是春运始终是我们面临的一大难题，春运“一票难求”早已成为社会问题。

2．调查目的：面对春运期间一票难求的社会问题，通过此次调查的数据分析，能更清晰的了解春运期间一票难求的现状，并且深入探讨这一问题出现的原因，最终的提出自己的见解与建议。

3．调查时间：20XX年11月26日—20XX年12月4日

4．调查地点：北京市大兴区黄村火车站

5．调查对象：春运期间乘坐火车回家的人

6．调查方式：调查问卷

7．调查过程：首先设计调查问卷，然后打印了100份，26日乘车来到黄村火车站的售票处，向购买火车票的排队的人们发放调查问卷，一共发放了100份调查问卷，并且全部收回，其中有效问卷有86份。收回问卷后，进行统计数据，计算出百分比，并作数据的分析，归纳与整理。

二、正文

1、现状：春运问题一直以来就是一个备受关注的社会热点问题，尤其是一票难求的现象，在中国可以说是特有的现象。值得关注的是20##年全国春运客运量达到了25.41亿人次，比上年增长7.7%，创历史最高纪录。可见春运的客流量之大和运输部门的压力之重。春运购票最让人们不满的是购票的不公平，普通旅客虽然长时间排队却一票难求，一些票贩子却能通过各种手段拿到火车票用于倒卖获利，要么求人找关系买票，要么你多花钱到票贩子那边买票，这种恐慌的心态是许多人都经历过的，作为一名外地的大学生，我深有体会。

2、分析原因：

①分析排队时间对购票的影响（第2题）

通过数据的比较我们可以看出，有34%的人购票时间是在2-4小时内，27%的人购票时间在5-10小时内，说明人们的购票时间比较长。通过询问，在许多售票点和火车站的售票厅里，一般能排在队伍前面的人买到票的机会更大，而越往后的人买到票的几率就越小，因此，在队伍后面的人需要花更多的时间排队买票，甚至会有整夜排队的现象。

②分析买票方式对购票的影响（第3题）

由图表可以看出，在火车站和代售点购买火车票的人数最多，占总人数的70%，购买黄牛提供的高价票的人数占18%，在网上或者电话定票的人数只有2%。看来大多数人还是在售票窗口购买火车票，因为售票窗口分布的范围比较广，去那里买票相对实惠和方便一些，而黄牛提供的高价票是普通民众承担不了的，除非是紧急情况下才会考虑购买高价票。其次，网上订票范围有局限性，电话定票则经常打不通或者占线。还有一些其它渠道，例如托关系找门路买票，也是有一定的局限性。总之，在购票窗口的人数越多，购票的难度就会增加。

③分析票价对购票的影响（综合第4题和第5题）

由图表我们可以看出，有71%的人购买的是普通坐票，12%的人购买的是卧铺票，对于是否乘坐高铁的回答中，我们可看出，有50%的人除非在紧急的情况下会购买，由此我们可以分析出，火车票的价格对人们购票的困难程度上有一定的影响。因为普通的座车票相对来说不是很贵，大多数人愿意购买这种票，而卧铺和高铁票的价格较贵，购买的人少，这就导致了大量的人争相购买普通坐票，增加了普通坐票的购买难度。有些人因为实在买不到普通坐票，才会购买价格更高的票。

④分析“黄牛”（票贩子）对购票的影响（第6、7题）

全部的人都认为黄牛是火车票难买的原因之一，有98%的人认为政府没有有效的打击黄牛。因为黄牛的存在，是导致人们购票难的其中一个因素，因为有大量的票被黄牛持有，导致票源紧张，并且出售的价格更高，以次寻求差价，获得利益。这样一来，由于人们买票困难，而黄牛的票价高的离谱，导致了买不着票的恶性循环。政府对于黄牛的严打措施更是伤脑筋，心有余而力不足，使得黄牛更加猖狂。

⑤分析“实名制”对购票的影响（第10、11、12题）

由表格可以看出，有77%的人认为“实名制”很难抑制黄牛，有87%的人认为“实名制”会侵害个人的隐私，76%的人可以接受实名制延长买票时间。大部分人对“实名制”还是持观望态度的，认为“实名制”有好处，也有弊端。“实名制”的出台时间很短，效果不是很明显，最终还是要靠消费者和时间的考验。

3、总结

对于春运期间的“一票难求”的现象，影响的因素有很多。首先，排队时间的长短是影响购票的一方面因素，排队的人越多，用的时间越长，导致购票的机会减少。其次，不同购票方式的功能有所差异，导致每种购票的方式接触的人数不均，使得大部分人去排队购票，减少购票的机会。第三，不同火车票价的差价很高，导致人们争相购买普通票价的坐票，导致这类票的票源紧张。第四，有很多黄牛通过各种渠道倒卖大量火车票，并把价格抬得很高，使得购票的人们陷入两难境地：继续排队买票或者购买黄牛的高价票。第五，从目前来看，“实名制”的出台并没有有效地控制黄牛的行为，没有明显的解决“一票难求”的问题。

三、心得体会

铁路运输是春运的主力，然而一票难求的现状始终得不到缓解，这严重影响了人们的出行。有人问：“倒卖火车票的黄牛很猖狂，为什么没人倒卖飞机票呢？” 首先因为飞机票价格一般比较高，因而客流量小，票源比较宽裕；其次是我国航空客运是一个具有一定程度竞争而非垄断的市场，机票可打折出售，惟恐卖不出去，这样的市场，对“黄牛党”来说是缺少吸引力的。因此追其“一票难求”的原因，从根本上说，是因为中国铁路的运营能力不足，需求远远大于供给。因为火车就这么多，票数是固定的，远远满足不了人们的需求量。

我国铁路运输供给方面存在很大的不足，这与我国运输业的垄断经营密不可分，因为铁路部门有垄断火车票源的权利。而且，由于我国地域广大，自然气候异常多变，这也为运输业的扩展造成了很大的影响，使得运输的供给总是远远落后于需求的增涨。

面对春运期间一票难求的现象。铁路部门采取了很多措施。例如打击“黄牛党”，但是效果并不明显，反而黄牛党更加猖獗了。因为，有需求就会有市场，什么时候票源不紧张了，黄牛党也就失业了。“黄牛”倒票目的是获得利益，而前提是票必须倒出去，倒到人们手里去，不然不仅赚不到钱，还要赔钱。也就是说，“黄牛”倒票，只是令部分乘客在票价上受到不应有的损失，而并没有损及整个票源。“买票难”的实质是：一部分人买得到，另一部分人就买不到。再如加开列车班次，虽然问题没有从根本上得到解决，但是也算是有一定成效的。再比如铁道部通过提价来限制需求，然而，这一项措施似乎并不成功。这一措施不符合现在和谐社会的建设理念，违背了以人为本的原则。然而，这两年试行了实名制，但是实名制依然还是解决票贩子的问题，治标不治本，票贩子还会通过其他手段倒票，庞大的需求问题还是没有得到很好的解决。

总之，购票难的主要原因在于春运高峰期铁路运营能力与社会需求存在巨大缺口。要解决买票难的问题，从长远来看，必须加大铁路建设的力度，改变铁路垄断行业，形成市场竞争。

附：

调查问卷

1.在春运的时候你买过火车票吗

A. 买过（请往下做） B. 没买过（请交卷）

2 .您觉得购买火车票容易吗,用了多长时间 ( )

A. 2小时以内   B. 2-4小时  C. 5-10小时  

D. 10小时以上,24小时以内   E. 24小时以上

3 .您是怎样购到火车票的 ( )

 A. 网上、电话订票 B. 火车站、代售点窗口购买

C. 黄牛提供的高价票 D. 其他渠道＿

4 .您订到的是 ( )

A. 动车坐票   B .卧铺票  

C.普通车坐票   D. 普 通车站票

5 .您认为您会乘坐价格较高的高铁吗 ( )

A.会，很乐意尝试   B.任何情况下都不会，太贵了 

C. 除非是在很紧急的情况下,否则不坐

6 .你觉得黄牛贩票是导致火车票难买的原因之一吗（ ）

A. 是 B. 否

7 .你认为政府是否有效地打击了黄牛（ ）

A. 是 B. 否

10. 你觉得火车票实名制能抑制黄牛吗（ ）

A. 能 B. 否 C. 难说

11.你担心火车票实名制会侵害您的隐私吗（ ）

A. 会 B. 不会

12. 如果实行火车票实名制会延长你的购票和验票时间，你觉得可以接受吗（ ）

A．可以 B. 不可以

参考资料

1.期刊作者．题名〔J〕．刊名，出版年，卷(期)∶起止页码

2.专著作者．书名〔M〕．版本(第一版不著录)．出版地∶出版者，出版年∶起止页码

3.论文集作者．题名〔C〕．编者．论文集名，出版地∶出版者，出版年∶起止页码

4.报纸作者．题名〔N〕．报纸名．出版日期(版次)

5.电子文献作者．题名〔电子文献及载体类型标识〕．文献出处，日期

6.社会热点问题调查报告．百度文库．http://wenku.baidu.com/view/0586e5c058f5f61fb7366676.html

第二篇：社会热点问题调研报告

1. 低碳生活受到人们的普遍欢迎     Low-carbon Lifestyle

2. 低碳生活方式非常有好处

3. 我们应该如何去做

Nowadays, there are a considerable number of individuals who prefer to lead a low-carbon lifestyle which find expression in the fact that more and more commuters are using public transportation system in their daily life.

Low carbon lifestyle can endow us and our society with numerous benefits. Firstly, it goes beyond doubt that low carbon lifestyle contributes a lot to the environmental protection and it is a favorable way to slow down the rate of climate change of our earth, which also means a lot to our health. What’s more, for us, making greener choices, from food we eat to the means of transportation, can enhance our health and well-being.

We are supposed to undertake the responsibility to lead a low-carbon lifestyle, which is of great significance. And there is a diversity of measures we can take so as to lead such an environmental-friendly life. For one thing, we are expected to minimize the use of private cars, which emit a large amount of greenhouse gases. For another, we are supposed to cultivate the public awareness of energy conservation for energy in the world today is decreasing rapidly. For instance, we can turn off electrical appliances if not necessary as well as using renewable materials. Furthermore, at our leisure, we can seek opportunities to plant more trees which can absorb carbon-dioxide.

In brief, low-carbon lifestyle is nothing but the best choice for us and only in this way can we form a harmonious relationship with the environment. (或With our joint efforts, I believe we will be able to remove our carbon footprint on Earth. Remember walk your talk.)

Food Security

1. 食品安全问题频发；2.食品安全问题频发的原因；3.我的看法

Recently, more and more notorious food scandals have arisen in China. Many people fell ill and some died as a result of eating unsafe food. People are alarmed and they are worried that whatever they eat contain chemical additives.

Why producing and selling undafe food run so wild these days? There are mainly two reasons. First, some companies believe that by using addictives, they can cut costs or boosts profit margins, and they are barely willing to take the effects of additives on consumers into consideration. Second, the regulators don’t assume their due responsibility and supervision is not enforced effectively. Besides, the overlapping duties among different administrators also exacebate the situation, leaving the problems unattended.

As far as I am concerned, the government should hammer out relevant rules to regulate the food manufacture and stipulate strict enforcement of laws. Only by this would food manufactures conduct their business honestly, or else they would be punished sevevely or be closed down.

Money Worship

1.      当今拜金现象严重  2. 拜金主义有什么影响和后果   3. 你的看法

Currently it is not a rare phenomenon that people go after money and connect many things with pecuniary interests. Those who worship money may claim that money is almighty. I disagree with the view completely since I believe that the value of money has been overestimated and being money-minded and pursuing excessive money can only spoil one’s life.

First of all, money is a symbol of the material wealth on which our life is based, but it is not the best validation of personal success. Over-obsession with money drives a person to become a slave of money, because many people will thus be absorbed in how to make money while turning a blind eye to all other positive aspects of life.In addition, chasing after money can twist one’s psychology. It is commonplace now even in colleges that money ranks highest in students’ personal value systems so that they divert their attention to making money rather than study, which seriously impairs their outlook of the life and world.

The conclusion can be drawn from the above discussion that individuals should not be materialistic. Mammonism is an improper notion that brings harmful effects to our healthy life.

Should We Help Strangers?

Helping strangers has always been considered as a treasured virtue of human kind .We need help from others throughout our life, whenever we travel to other places or stay at home .On the other hand, helping others can make us happy .We feel great joy when we are trusted, needed and able to give a helping hand.

However ,some people are cautious when it comes to helping strangers .They say that helping others involves risks of getting hurt or cheated .Lending a hand to a stranger often puts us in a vulnerable position for it means trusting a hand to a stranger often puts us in a vulnerable position for it means trusting someone we do not even know .Moreover ,there are times when we have physical limitations- e.g. we can’t swim but a girl is drowning .If we are blind to that limitation ,giving a hand would conversely take our life.

In my opinion, we should still offer what we can do to help needed strangers. Meanwhile, we should beware of getting cheated and use common sense to tell whether the strangers are real needed people or just professional cheats .Detecting anything unusual, we should defend ourselves or turn to the police.

                                Drunk Driving

Any injury and death caused by drunk driving is totally preventable. Although the proportion of crashed that are alcohol-related has dropped dramatically in recent decades, unfortunately, alcohol-impaired driving ramains a serious social problem with thousands of victims annually.

Drunk driving does great harm to individuals and society in many ways. Drunking driving is dangerous and greatly increases the risk of car accidents. There is overwhelming evidence that alcohol affects driving, resulting in poor vision, slow response, bad judgement, etc. individuals and society suffer great financial losses from car accidents.

Drunk driving, like many other social problems, resists simple solutions. However, there are a number of actions we can take. Recently, our government has passed the law to put drunk drivers in to jail, and revoked their licenses which will not be issued again for 5 years. But apart from the legal punishments, I think it is everyone’s responsibility to avoid drunk driving for the sake of their families and others’ safety.