小结:spend, take, cost和pay的用法区别
take, spend ,cost 与pay都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。
spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:
(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。 (2) spend time /money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。 (3) spend money for sth. 花钱买……。
cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下: (1) sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。( 较少用 ) 例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost, 并且不能用于被动句。
take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:
(1) It takes/ took sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。 (2) doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。( 较少用 ) 例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 pay的基本用法是:
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。
(2) pay for sth. 付……的钱。
(3) pay for sb. 替某人付钱。
(4) pay sb. 付钱给某人。
(5) pay money back 还钱。
(6) pay off one's money还清钱。
练习:根据句子意思和时态,用spend, take, cost和pay 的正确形式来填空。
1. I _____________ two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
2. The car ____________ him around ten thousand US dollars. 这车花去他一万美元左右。
3. His money ___________ ______________ for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
4. They _______________two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
5. A new computer ______________ a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
6. It _____________ them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
7. I have to_________ them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
8. I have to __________ for the lost book. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
9. Don’t worry! I'll ___________ for you. 别担心, 我会给你付钱的。
10. They ______________ us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。
11. May I borrow 12 Yuan from you? I'll ______ it back next week. 你能借给我
12块钱吗?下周还你。
12. The error _________ the company one million pounds. 这错误使公司损失了一百万英镑。
第二篇:when,while,as的用法和区别
when,while,as引导时间状语从句的区别
when,while,as显然都可以引导时间状语从句,但用法区别非常大。
一、when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用;而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。
① Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?
②Sorry,I was out when you called me.(call为短暂性动词)对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了。
③Strike while the iron is hot.(is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态)趁热打铁。 ④ The students took notes as they listened.(listen为延续性动词)学生们边听课边做笔记。
二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
1.从句动作在主句动作前发生,只用 when。
①When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。
②When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。
2.从句动作和主句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as都可使用。
①When /While /As we were dancing,a stranger came in.(dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来。
②When /While /As she was making a phonecall,I was writing a letter.(make为延续性动词)当她在打电话时,我正在写信。
3.当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用 as。这时,as常表示“随着……”;“一边……,一边……”之意。 ① As the time went on,the weather got worse.(as表示“随着……”之意)
② The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.随着高度的增加,大气越来越稀薄。
③As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer.随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。
④The little girls sang as they went.小姑娘们一边走,一边唱。
⑤The sad mother sat on the roadside,shouting as she was crying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫。
4.在将来时从句中,常用when,且从句须用一般时代替将来时。
①You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我读完这本书后,你可以借阅。
②When the manager comes here for a visit next week,Ill talk with him about this.下周,
经理来这参观时,我会和他谈谈此事。
三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指过去的事情)。
sb.had hardly(=scarcely) done sth.when...=Hardly / Scarcely had sb.done sth.when...
①I had hardly /scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.=Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了。
②I had hardly /scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang.=Hardly /
Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.我刚一走进房门,电话就响了