表达方式,常用的表达方式有记叙、描写、议论、抒情、说明等。
写作手法,考生要清楚,狭义的写作手法即“表达方式”,广义的是指写文章的一切手法,诸如表达方式、修辞手法,先抑后扬、象征、开门见山、托物言志等。
修辞手法,常用的有比喻、拟人、反复、夸张、排比、对偶、对比、设问、反问等。
语言特点,一般指口语的通俗易懂,书面语的严谨典雅,文学语言的鲜明、生动、富于形象性和充满感情色彩的特点。分析时,一般从修辞上进行分析。
感悟,多指发自内心的感受、理解、领悟等。
说明文的类型,事物、事理说明文(内容角度);平实、生动说明文(语言表达角度)。
说明方法,一般有举例子、分类别、列数据、作比较、下定义、作诠释、打比方、画图表、摹状貌等(一般是三个字)。
说明顺序,时间顺序(程序顺序)、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。考生在答题时,可答得具体些,如:空间顺序(从上到下,从里到外等),逻辑顺序(先结果后原因,层层递进等)。
说明对象,指文章说明的主要人或事物(一般不必答人或事物的特点)。
〖第一单元〗
b《为你打开一扇门》作者赵丽宏,当代作家。本文是一篇书序,以“议论大门——初识大门——打开大门”的思路展开,主要介绍了文学的特征、内涵、作用,以此激了青少年对文学的兴趣,鼓励青少年打开这扇神奇的大门。
b《繁星》选自《巴金选集》,作者巴金,原名李尧堂,四川成都人,现代小说家,散文家。代表作品,有《激流三部曲》(《家》《春》《秋》)、《爱情三部曲》(《雾》《雨》《电》)。本文是一篇散文,紧绕“看繁星” ,以时间为序,依次写了“从前”“三年前”“如今”“有一夜”四个片段,抒写了作者爱星天、爱自然、向往美好生活的感受。表现手法上,采用了由实到虚,虚实结合的方法,即先写眼前景物,再写由此产生的联想与想像。
b《冰心诗四首》选自《繁星 春水》,作者谢婉莹,福建长乐人,现代散文家、小说家、诗人、、儿童文学家,代表作品有《繁星春水》《再寄小读者》《小桔灯》等。本文前两首诗是以母爱为主题的抒情短诗,后两首是鼓励青年努务奋斗、积极进取的小诗。
具体讲:《母亲》歌颂母爱的博大无边、伟大无私;《纸船》抒发思念母亲的深情;《成功的花》告诉人们成功来自奋斗、牺牲。《嫩绿的芽》讴歌青春与活力,催人奋进,富有积极意义。冰心体诗特点:短小精悍,感情丰富,哲理朴素,格调自然柔和。
b《诺曼底号遇难记》,作者雨果,19世纪法国浪漫主义文学的重要代表,代表作品有长篇小说《巴黎圣母院》《悲惨世界》《20xx年》等。本文是一篇小说,通过一次海难,刻画了一位勇于决断、沉着指挥、忠于职守的英雄形象。本文场面描写惊心动魄,多处运用对比手法,如诺曼底号与玛丽号航船的对比,乘客的惊慌与船长的镇写的对比;事初混乱与事中井然有序的对比。
b《郑人买履》选自《韩非子 外储说左上》,作者韩非,战国末期哲学家、法家的主人代表人物。本文是一则寓言,旨在说明做事,看问题不能迷信教条。
b《刻舟求剑》,选自《吕氏春秋 察今》,又名《吕览》。编者吕不韦,是战国末期秦国国相,杂家代表人物。本文是一篇寓言,旨在说明做事看问题,应随情势变化而变化。 b《次北固山下》作者王湾,唐代诗人。本诗为五律,描写了北固山山青水碧的壮丽春景,既表达出-欣喜之情,又流露出一丝淡淡的思乡之意(诗的主旋律是欣喜的)。
“潮平两岸阔,风正一帆悬。”以小景与大景互相映衬,画面非常精彩。春潮涨平之后,江面十分开阔,这是眼中大景;一片白帆顺风而来,这是眼中小景。
“海日生残夜,江春入旧年。”海日用“生”,江春用“入”,将景物拟人化而富有生机;而“日生残夜”,“春入旧年”,都表示时序的交替,蕴含自然理趣。在诗人的笔下,既是美景,也是哲理。
b《赤壁》作者杜牧,字牧之,唐代文学家,作品有《樊川文集》。本诗为七绝,咏史抒怀,借一件古物兴起对历史的慨叹,以两个美女的命运象征国家的命运,通过这种以小见大的表现方式,表达了作者怀才不遇的内心感受。
b《浣溪沙 山下…》作者苏轼,字子瞻,号东坡居士,眉州眉山人(今四川),北宋文学家、书画家,唐宋八大家之一,作品有《东坡七集》《东坡乐府》。本文是一首词,上片刻画了一幅清新优美,淡雅宁静的画面,“萧萧暮雨子规啼”一句写黄昏时潇潇细雨中杜鹃的啼叫声,正所谓鸟鸣山更幽,突出了环境的静谧;下片议论,溪水尚能倒流,谁说人老不能焕发青春?“休将白发唱黄鸡”,反用其意,劝阻人们不要徒发自伤衰老之叹。
全词情景交融,恬淡优美的景色,富有情趣的语言,充满人生哲理的议论,表现了词人热爱生活、旷达乐观的情怀。
b《泰戈尔诗三首》选自《泰戈尔诗选·新月集》,作者泰戈尔,印度诗人、社会活动家,19xx年的诺贝尔文学奖的获得者,主要作品有《飞鸟集》《新月集》《沉船》《吉檀迦利》等。 《金色花》用充满童稚的想像,刻画了孩子天真可爱而又稍带顽皮与妈妈嬉戏的心理,表达了孩子对母亲那种难舍难分的感情。《告别》主要写离别的孩子对妈妈的眷恋之情,《榕树》,生动描写了一个孩子对一棵高大榕树的沉思与幻想,表现了对故乡、对妈妈的是思念。 &〖第二单元〗b《往事依依》作者于漪,本文是一篇散文,通过对几件往事的回忆,抒发了作者对自然、对生活、对祖国的热爱,告诉青少年要多读书,读好书。文章采用总分总结构,前后照应。
b《幼时记趣》节选自《浮生六记》,作者沈复,字三白,苏州人,清代作家,著有《浮生六记》。本文是一篇回忆性散文,采用总分结构,写了儿童时代观蚊如鹤、神游山林、鞭打蛤蟆三件小事,表现了童年的乐趣。
b《十三岁的际遇》选自《精神的魅力》,作者田晓菲。本文是一篇散文,详细抒写了在北大两年学习生活的感受,略写童年对北大的向往和初进北大的自信。文章表达的感情很复杂,其间既有对北大的热爱之情、赞美之情,也有即将离开北大的依恋之情,更有渴望飞翔、渴望创造的青春梦想。
b《伟人细胞》节选自《男生贾里》,作者秦文君,当代女作家,代表作品有《男生贾里》、《女生贾梅》。本文是一篇小说,情节巧妙,记叙了初一男生贾里追求轰轰烈烈人生,实现伟人计划的曲折过程,说明了必须从小事做起方能干大事的道理。文章语言幽默,采用大胆夸张手法,营造了会心一笑的喜剧效果。
b《少年歌》选自《草莽集》,作者朱湘,现代诗人。诗中塑造了活泼清纯、生机勃勃的少年形象,表现了他们意气风发,追求理想的美好愿望。
b《生活在是多么广阔》选自《何其芳文集》,作者何其芳,诗人,文学评论家。本诗以排比的方式描绘了多姿多彩的生活画卷,带领人们去开发生活的宝藏,体验生命的价值,进而领悟“在平凡中发现非凡,用热情发现真诚” 的生活哲理。
b《汤姆 索亚历险记》作者马克吐温,19世纪后期美国现实主义文学的杰出代表。 &〖第三单元〗b《社戏》作者是鲁迅,鲁迅,原名周树人,字豫才,浙江绍兴人。中国现代伟大的文学家、思想家、革命家。有小说集《呐喊》、《彷徨》,有散文集《朝花夕拾》。 本文体裁是小说,按照“盼看社戏----去看社戏----怀念社戏”的思路行文,详写看戏的全过程,略写在平桥村的情况和看戏后的余波。表现了劳动人民淳朴、善良、无私的美好的品德,展示了自由自在、充满诗情画意的儿童生活画卷,表达了作者对劳动人民的感情和美好生活的向往。
b《端午日》节选自《边城》,作者沈从文,湖南凤凰人,现代作家。代表作有小说《边城》《长河》,散文集《湘行散记》等。本文以时间为序,按“争看划船----竞追鸭子---结束赛事”的思路展开,略写穿新衣、画王字、吃鱼肉三种习俗,龙舟竞渡写得最详,赶鸭竞赛次详。表现茶峒人淳朴的民风和奋发向上、合作争先的民族精神。
b《本命年的回想》作者刘绍堂,现代作家。本文体裁是散文,按时间顺序写了十件事,再现了京郊运河几十年前的过年习俗,表现了鲜明的地方特色和浓郁的乡土风味,歌颂了热爱生活、纯真可爱的父老乡亲。
b《十五夜望月》作者王建,唐代诗人。诗人写中庭月色,只用“地白”二字,却给人以积水空明、澄静素洁之感。“树栖鸦”这三个字,朴实、简洁、凝练,既写了乌鸦栖树的情状,又烘托了月夜的寂静。“冷露无声湿桂花”。不仅指庭中桂花,也有可能是指月中的桂树。这是暗写诗人望月,正是全篇点题之笔。在炼字上,一个“落”字,新颖妥帖,不同反响,它给人以动的形象的感觉,仿佛那秋思随着银月的清辉,一齐洒落人间似的。若改为“在”,就显得平淡寡味,相形见绌了。
b《水调歌头》作者苏轼,宋代诗人。上阙月下饮酒,由幻想超脱尘世,转化为喜爱人间生活。下阙对月怀人。由感伤离别转而为对离人的祝福。这首词反映了作者仕途失意,幻想超然物外,但积极的处世态度终于战胜了消极“遁世”的念头,表现了旷达的胸怀和乐观的情致。 b《我的思念是圆的》节选自《艾青全集》,作者艾青,原名蒋海澄,浙江金华人,现代诗人。此诗写于艾青晚年,因亲人朋友多不在身边,有的已离世,诗人写此诗表达了对团聚、亲情、友情的珍视和怀想。
&〖第四单元〗b《春》作者朱自清,字佩弦,江苏扬州人,现代散文家、诗人,散文代表作有《荷塘月色》《背影》《绿》等。本文体裁是散文,全文按盼春、绘春、颂春的思路行文。“绘春”部分分别描绘了春草图、春花图、春风图、春雨图、迎春图。这五幅图由景及人,描绘了浓郁的春意,融入了作者对春的喜爱和赞美,颂扬了抓紧春光努务工作、奋发向上的精神。
b《三峡》节选自《水经注 江水》,作者郦道元,字善长,北魏范阳涿县人,地理学家、散文家。《水经注》是有文学价值的地理巨著。本文体裁是散文,布局巧妙,依据水势涨落先写夏水,再写春冬景,后写秋景。主要采用了动静结合、张弛结合的手法。
b《济南的冬天》节选自《一些印象》,作者老舍,原名舒庆春,字舍予,北京人,现代作家。代表作品有小说《骆驼祥子》《四世同堂》,话剧《茶馆》《龙须沟》等。本文体裁是散文,布局层次井然,开篇通过对比突出济南冬天“温晴”的特点;然后以此为线索,分别写老城、写山、写水抒发了深深的喜爱和赞美之情。
b《夏》作者梁衡,当代作家。本文体裁是散文,主要运用了比较、对比手法描绘了夏天暑气蒸腾、麦浪翻滚、万物蓬勃、农民辛劳的景象,突出了夏天热烈、紧张、急促的特点,表达了对夏天的喜爱之情,深情赞美了辛勤劳作的农民。
b《早春》,作者韩愈,字退之,世称韩昌黎,河南河阳人,唐代文学家、哲学家,作品有《昌黎先生集》。本文体裁是七绝,用“如酥”为喻,让人感到春雨的可贵。“草色遥看近却无”描摹早春特有的景致:细雨蒙蒙,春草乍生,远看有春色,近看却没有。“最是一年春好处,绝胜烟柳满皇都”,是议论,通过对比,突出早春的可爱,表达了作者对早春景色的喜爱之情。作者呈诗给张员外,也是为引逗好友出门赏春,同时也劝人们珍惜早春美好时光。 b《西江月》作者辛弃疾,字糼安,号稼轩,山东历城人,南宋著名爱国词人,作品有《稼轩长短句》全诗刻画了一幅山村夜行图。上阙写晴:“说丰年”,用拟人手法写青蛙在鸣叫;“蛙声一片”,透出天将下雨的信息。整句通过嗅觉和听觉来写夏夜景物,给人鲜明的印象,流露出词人对农村生活的热爱之情和丰收在望的喜悦之情。
下阙写雨。“忽见”,指旧时茅店忽然出现在眼前,这时词人在山道上冒雨急行的结果,
诗人心中的惊喜可想而知。
b《秋词》作者刘禹锡,字梦得,洛阳人,唐代文学家、哲学家,作品有《刘梦得文集》。本诗体裁为七绝,前两句议论,一反悲秋之传统,认为“秋日胜春朝”;后两句写景,绘出一幅晴空鹤飞冲天的动人图景,将传统的悲秋情绪一扫而空。全诗议论、抒情与写景相结合,表达了作者凌云壮志,抒发了奋发进取的豪情。
&〖第五单元〗b《斜塔上的实验》是一篇人物传记,全文按照“摆动挂灯的启示----孩子和学生时代---比萨斜塔上的实验”的思路展开,表现了伽利略不轻信权威、坚持实验检验真理、探索新理论的科学思想和热爱科学、勇于创新、甘于奉献的科学精神。
本文构思巧妙,不是按通常的由小到大的时间顺序来写的,而是先写大学时代(发现自然节奏原则)、再写孩童时代(上课不专注听讲)、再写大学时代(一心钻研数学),最后写教授时代(斜塔上的实验)。
b《事物的正确答案不止一个》是篇议论文,本文要论述的问题是怎样才能成为一个富有创造性的人,文章按照“提出问题---分析问题---解决问题”的思路对些展开论述。
b《宇宙里有些什么》作者郑文光,本文是一篇科学小品(说明文),采用了由近及远、由已知到未知、先总后分再总的顺序介绍了宇宙,说明宇宙是物质的、运动的、无穷无尽的特点。
b《<梦溪笔谈>二则》选自《梦溪笔谈》,该书共30卷,内容广泛,是一部综合性的笔记体巨著,其中自然科学部分的内容总结了我国古代特别是北宋时期的科学成就。作者沈括,字存中,浙江钱塘人(今杭州),北宋科学家、政治家。
《以虫治虫》记叙北宋时期庆州地区用“傍不肯”消灭“子方虫”从而使农作物丰收的事例,说明开展生物防治,利用某些农作物害虫的天敌消灭虫害,是促进农业增产的有效措施。 《梵天寺木塔》本文记述了北宋著名建筑家喻浩用“布板”“实钉”来加强结构整体性以解决塔稳定问题的生动事例,说明1000多年前,我国在建筑理论和技术方面已达到了相当高的水平。
第二篇:七年级月考
桥寺中学20##-20##学年月考试题
英语 七年级
时间:90分钟 满分:100分
Ⅰ、单项选择(15分)
( )1、He can French and English.
A. speak B. say C. tell D. talk
( )2、Jack knows French.
A. a lot B. many C. a little D. a
( )3、Bei jing is interesting place.
A. a B. an C. any D. some
( )4、-- Where he from? -- Australia.
A.is, come B.does, × C.does, come D. is, comes
( )5、--Is there a post office near here? -- .
A. Yes, there’s B. Yes, there isn’t
C. Sorry, I don’t know D. No, there is
( )6、There a food shop and two hotels over there.
A. has B. is C. have D. are
( )7--Your English is very good. --_______.
A、Not at all B、You’re right C、Thank you
( )8、-- is the bank? –It’s on Center Street.
A. Where B. How C. When D. What
( )9、It's good ___ you to go out ___after supper every.
A、for ; to a walk B、to; to a walk C、for ; for a walk
( )10、-- I’m sorry I’m late. --- .
A. That’s right B. All right
C. Welcome here D. That’s all right
( )11( )11、What about ___ shopping ___ me?
A、going ;to B、to go ; for C、going ; with
( )12、We have a house a small garden.
A. there is B. has C. with D. of
( )13. ________you play the violin?
A. Are B. Can C. Is D. When
( )14、-- Where he ? – He lives in Tokyo.
A.is,live B.is,froom C.does,lives D. does,live
( )15、They in Beijing next Sunday.
A. arrive B. arrived C arriving D. are arriving
Ⅱ 用所给词的正确形式填空。( 10分 )
16. September 1 is the (one)day of our new term.
17. The boy often goes to the library to read (story).
18. She usually (watch)TV on Saturday evening.
19. He doesn’t (do)his homework every day.
20. Ms. Lin (be)never late for class.
21.Kangkang usually (have)breakfast at home, but sometimes in a restaurant.
22.Let_____(we) have ice cream.
23. Bob (not like) salad or strawberries.
24. Can you_____ (take) the notebook to my brother?
25. Jim likes bananas and Tom likes _____(they), too
Ⅲ、完成下列句子(20分)
26、He is from the United States.(同义句)
He the United States.
27、There is a clock and some pictures on the wall.(改否定句)
There pictures or a clock on the wall.
28、Tom doesn’t have any soccer balls. (改肯定句)
Tom soccer balls.
29. This yellow sweater is 8 dollars
is this yellow sweater?
30. Are your books on the bed? (否定回答)
, they .
31. The school trip is May 20th.(对划线部分提问)
the school trip?
32.My father is a teacher and my mother is a teacher, too.(同义句)
are both(都) teachers.
33.There are six people in my family.(就画线部分提问)
people are there in your family?
34.Jenny does her homework every day. (改为否定句)
Jenny her homework every day.
35. Tom is looking at a picture. (改为一般疑问句)
Tom at a picture?
Ⅳ. 完形填空(10分)
Jane 1 her bedroom because she likes sleeping(睡觉). Michael likes the 2 room best for he often watches TV and does many things there. Kangkang likes the dining room because she likes 3 . They are all my good friends. 4 Sundays they often come to my home. I 5 a dining room. 6 a round table and four 7 in it. We eat meals and drink 8 and talk 9 English. 10 there any dining rooms in your house?
( ) 1. A. like B. liking C. loves D. love
( ) 2. A. live B. living C. dining D. bedroom
( ) 3. A. eat B. sleep C. eating D. dancing
( ) 4. A. On B. In C. At D. For
( ) 5. A. have B. has C. am D. is
( ) 6 A. There are B. There be C.There is D. Having
( ) 7. A. chair B. desk C. chairs D. desks
( ) 8. A. meat B. apple C. rice D. tea
( ) 9. A. on B. about C. at D. to
( ) 10. A. Is B. Are C. Be D. Am
Ⅴ. 阅读理解(30分) (A)
English Students’ Education
English schools begin in September after a long summer holiday. There are two terms in a school year. The first term is from September to January, and the second term is from February to June. Most English children begin to go to school when they are five years old. When they finish high school, they are seventeen or eighteen years old.
High school students take only five or six subjects each term. They usually go the the same class every day, and they have homework for every class. After class, they do a lot of interesting things. After high school, many students go to college①. They usually have to pay② a lot of money. So they have to work after class to get money for their studies.
Notes: 1. go to college 上大学 2. pay v. 付款
Read the passage and choose the best answers.(阅读短文,选择最佳答案。)
( )1. In England, summer holidays begin in .
A. September B. January C. June D. July
( )2. Most English children go to school at the age of .
A. five B. seven C. seventeen D. eighteen
( )3. High school students after class.
A. do housework B. go to work
C. play sports D. do interesting things
( )4. Many English college students work after class for .
A. helping their parents B. getting money for their studies
C. helping others D. learning some useful things
( )5. After high school, many students go to .
A. cities B. work C. college D. towns
(B)
I’m Sorry to Trouble You
Bill lives on the second floor of a building. One Sunday morning while he and his friends were playing games at home, Uncle Wang came up and knocked at① the door. He lives downstairs②. He said, “I’m sorry to trouble③ you, but I work at night, so I have to sleep in the daytime. If you make a lot of noise, I can’t sleep at all, would you please keep quiet?”Bill said sorry to Uncle Wang. After that, when they want to play, they go out④. He doesn’t trouble Uncle Wang any more⑤. Bill is getting on well with⑥ his neighbors.
Notes:
1. knock at... 敲击…… 2. downstairs adv. 在楼下
3. trouble v. 打扰 4. go out 出去
5. not... any more 不再 6. get on well with... 与……相处融洽
Read the passage and mark (T)for True or (F) for False to each statement.(阅读短文,判断正误)。
( )1. Bill lives on the first floor.
( )2. One Saturday morning Uncle Wang came up and knocked at Bill’s door.
( )3. Uncle Wang works at night and sleeps in the daytime.
( )4. Uncle Wang came up and said sorry to Bill first.
( )5. After that Bill and Uncle Wang are getting on well with each other.
(C)
It’s Sunday. Children don’t go to school on Sundays. But Kate gets up early in the morning.“It’s my birthday. I’m eight years old today.” she thinks,“Where are Dad and Mum? I want to know what they can give me for my birthday.”
Her father and mother are not at home. They are going shopping. And now they are talking about what to buy for Kate.
Dad: How about the doll? It looks nice. I think Kate would like the doll.
Mom: I don’t think so. She is not a little girl. I think she likes a new dress. Girls often like new dresses very much.
Dad: But she has a few new dresses and some new blouses. Oh, I think she must be very happy to have a box of colorful pencils and some picture books. Do you think so ?
Mom: Yes. Let’s go over there and buy them.
Read the passage and choose the best answers. (阅读短文,选择最佳答案。)
( )1. often like new dresses.
A. Girl B. The girl C. Girls D. The girl’s
( )2. Kate has new dresses.
A. few B. a lot of C. some D. a little
( )3. doesn’t want to buy the doll.
A. Kate B. Kate’s father C. Kate’s mother D.the shopkeeper
( )4. From the passage, we can know Kate is .
A. in the school B. a school girl C. going to school D.going shopping
( )5. From the passage, we can know Kate .
A. doesn’t like a dollB. doesn’t like a dress
C. doesn’t know what her parents buy for her
D. wants to buy something for her parents
Ⅵ、书面表达(15分)
请根据下列信息,写一篇人物介绍的短文.
Name: Sam Age: 13 Date of Birth: November 3rd
City: New York Country: America Language: English
Favorite Sport: Soccer Favorite Subject: Science
Favorite Movie: Black September
Hobbies: Swimming, Dancing, Singing and Playing the guitar
参考答案:
Ⅱ. 1~5 A C B B B 6~10 C C B B B 11~15 C C A C C
Ⅲ. 1. What’s 2. Whose 3. like, best 4. are, many 5. doesn’t, live
Ⅳ. 1. first 2. stories 3. watches 4. do 5. is 6. putting 7. has 8. reading 9. flying 10. playing
Ⅵ. 1~5 C B C A A 6~10 C C D B B
Ⅶ.(A)1-~5 D A D B C (B)1~5 F F T T T (C)1~5 C C C B C
1—5 ACBCC 6—10 BBACD 11—15 DCADD