大学英语B语法考点总结及例题（2）
二定语从句和状语从句
总结大学英语B的几套语法试题，可以看出考查热点主要集中在以下几个方面：虚拟语气，定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词形式、倒装、主谓一致、倍数和时态。我们这一讲主要集中在定语从句及状语从句及强调句。
（一）定语从句
定语从句的考查热点集中在定语从句的关系代词的选择上。大家首先要掌握好定语从句的基本结构。
定语从句：
先行词 关系代词，副词 作用
人 that, who, whom 主语，宾语，表语
物，时间， that, which 主语，宾语，表语
地点，原因
人物 whose 定语
时间 when 状语
地点 where 状语
原因 why 状语
The manager, who was a very nice man from Milan, made us feel very welcome.
在本句中，the manger 是定语从句的修饰对象，叫做先行词，红色标示的who在从句中代替the manger，叫做关系代词。除此以外，关系代词分为两类，指代人的whom, that，指代物的which, that， 还有代替时间和地点的关系副词when和where。表示所有关系的whose。除此以外复合关系代词what，whatever, whoever, whomever.
关系定语有以下几个考查热点：
考点一 表示所有关系的whose.
The receptionist, _______ job was to answer the phone, had laryngitis.(喉炎)
A. whose B who C who’s D that
所有关系，因此选择A.
考点二 选择关系副词。
关系副词的选用相对来说较简单。如先行词为表示时间的名词，如time, day等，则用when，如先行词为表示地点的名词，如place, house, area等，则用where；如先行词为reason，则用why。例如：
I’ll never forget the mountain village where (in which) I spent my childhood.
注意：选项中如果没有where, 也可以用in which.
I don’t know the reason why (for which) he did that.
考点三
当先行词是all, something, nothing等不定代词时；或先行词前有first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no等词修饰时；或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，一般只用that而不用which来引导定语从句。例如：
I’ve explained everything (that) I can to you.
This is the most beautiful campus (that) I’ve ever been to.
考点四 which 以及as 来引导定语从句。
Which 用来引导非限制性定语从句。除此以外，which 可以代替整个句子。As也有这样的用法。这时，一般用which或as来引导定语从句。Which在从句中可充当主语、宾语等，as在从句中一般只充当主语。which与as引导此类定语从句的区别在于：which只能置于句中或句末，而as的位置比较灵活，可置于句中、句末，又可置于句首。
例如：
1. Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, ____ is known to all.
A which B that C who D whose
选A. which 代替的是前面整个句子，放在句中。而本句也可以用as.
2. He was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor.
3. As had been expected, he finished first in decathlon (十项全能) at that Olympic Games.正如大家期望的那样，他在那届我奥运会上拿到了十项全能冠军。
As 代替整个句子，放在句首。
考点五 复合性关系代词 what, whatever whoever whomever 等, 这类词被称为复合性关系代词，是先行词和关系代词共同构成的复合词。
What= anything that whatever=anything that whoever=anyone who
Whomever=anyone whom whenever=anytime when wherever=anyplace where
补充例句：
例如：
二状语从句
状语从句考查点主要集中在状语从句的引导词的选择上，下面是状语从句的分类及引导词。
1) 时间状语从句
时间状语从句连词：when, while, as（当…时候）, before, after,
since（自从）, until, as soon as
有些副词和一些表示时间的名词词组也可用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句。如instantly, immediately, directly, the day, every time, the minute, the second, the moment等。
例如：
Immediately he arrived, he started describing us what had happened.
The day he returned home, his grandpa was already dead.
2) 条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless, as (so), only if (只要)。
as long as（只要）
例如：
If you don’t come on time, we’ll start out without you.
As (so) long as you keep on trying, you’ll certainly succeed.
除了以上提到的从属连词外，还有其它的一些词或词组也可引导条件状语从句。例如：providing that, provided, supposing that, suppose that, on condition that, in case等。例如：
Provided (that) he wins the support of the minority groups, he will be able to win the election. 如果他赢得了多数团体的支持，他就能够取得胜利。
3）原因状语从句
? 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, now(that), in that, considering that， since（既然）, as（由于）, for等。
例如：
? Since the speaker can’t come, we’ll have to cancel the meeting.
? in that和now (that) 的用法：in that引导的从句对主句进行解释的说明，意思是：在……方面，在于……；因为。Now (that) 表示既然。例如：
? Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice.
理论有价值在于它能为实践提供方向。In that 引导原因状语从句。
? Now (that) the weather has improved, let’s go out for a picnic.
4）引导让步状语从句的从属连词有
though, although(虽然，尽管), even if/ even though（即
使）, whatever, wherever, whenever， as, no matter…despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that, while。
例如：
Tom always enjoys swimming, even though the weather is rough.
Despite the fact that there exist national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal.
一些疑问词在词尾加上ever后，也可引导让步状语从句相当于no matter＋疑问词。这些词包括：whatever, wherever, whenever, whoever, however。
例如：
Whatever he says, don’t believe him.
Whoever you are, you must obey the traffic regulations.
5）引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：
so ... that（以便,为了）， in order to/that, lest, in case, for fear that。
例如：
They climbed to the top of the building in order that they could get a bird’s-eye view of the city.
Ask her to hurry up with these letters so that I can sign them.
Take an umbrella in case it rains.
so that和in order that的区别：so that更常用，in order that更正式。so that 引导的从句一般置于句末，而in order that引导的从句既置于句首，又可置于句末。例如：
In order that the grass and flowers could bloom again, it was necessary that the rocks should be removed.
She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.
6）结果状语从句
结果状语从句一般由下列连词引导：so that（结果是）, so ... that, such ... that （如此…以至于）
例如：
He overslept, (so) that he was late for work.
They got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away.
so…that和such…that的区别。so后接形容词或副词，such后接名词。例如：
It was so cold that we had to cancel the game.
It’s such a good chance that we mustn’t miss it.
7)比较状语从句：
than, as ... as, not so/as ... as
8)地点状语从句：
where, wherever
三强调句
在说话或写文章时，我们有时候要突出或强调某个词、词组或从句，这时就要用强调结构。强调句型的表达法一般包括以下几种情况：
- 当句子的主语、宾语、状语需要强调时，强调句型为：it is (was) + 被强调部分＋that (who)句中其他部分。
强调结构为：It is (was)…that…。它可以用来强调句中的某些成分，如主语（从句）、宾语（从句）、状语（从句）等。如强调主语或宾语，则that可用who（指人），whom或which（指物）来代替；如强调的是状语，则不能用when, where等代替，只能用that。注意，强调结构不能用来强调谓语动词和表语。例如：
It was my uncle that (who) sent me the parcel.
It is the article that they discussed last week.
It was because he was too careless that he broke all the glasses.
It is in this room that I was born 30 years ago.
It was with great joy he received the news that his long lost son would soon return home.
A. how B. because C. as D. that
- It is (was) not until...that也为强调句的一种，意思是“直到……才”。
并列句：用并列连词连接两个或两个以上的简单句叫并列句
构成：简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句
1） and 意为 “和，并且”， 表示顺延和并列关系
Work hard, and you can pass the exam.
2) but 意为 “但是”，表示转折关系
He is rich but he is not happy.
3) or意为 “否则，或”表示选择关系
Hurry up，or you’ll be late.
4) so 意为 “所以，因此，于是”，表示因果关系
Kate was ill so she didn’t go to school.
5) for 意为 “因为”，表示因果关系
I have to stay up late, for I have a lot of work to do.
其他的并列连词：then, while, when, yet, not only … but also …, neither… nor…, either… or…, both… and…, as well as
宾语从句：
that
本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可以省掉。
what, which, who, whose, whom
在从句中可作主语，宾语，定语。
when, where, why, how
在从句中作状语。
If, whether
在从句中意为“是否”，不做句子成分，不能省略。
第二篇：大学英语重点总结
汉译英
1任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。
Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote.
2没学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。
A form to apply for these scholarship is sent by the university to each student before each semester.
3遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。
On the advice of doctor ,I decided to give up smoking.
4公园位于县城的正中央。
The park is located right in the center of town.
5这所大学提供了我们所需要的所有材料和设备。
The university provides all the materials and facilities we need.
6他内心深处知道，她们永远也不会再见了。
He knows in his deep heart that they will never see each other.
7她们同意出版她的第一本书后，他终于感到自己快要成功了。
He felt he was on the road to success after to publish his first book.
8他停下来喝了一口水，然后继续说话。
He stopped to take a sip of water,and then resumed speaking.
9这个大项目使我们忙得今年都无法安排一次度假了。
The big project engages us so much that we can't manage to take a holiday this year.
10氧气是气体中最重要的一种，正如水是液体中最重要的一种一样。
It is the most important of the oxygen gas,just as water is a liquid.
11警察们正忙着填写关于这场事故的各种表格。
The police are busy filling out forms about the accident.
12我想在还车之前把油箱加满。
I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car.
13热过你要投诉，最好遵循正确的程序。
If you want to make a complain,you'd better follow the correct procedure.
14要不是约翰帮忙，我们绝不会这么快就完成实验。
We couldn't have finished the experiment so soon without John's help.
15暴风雨之后，岸边的人们焦急地搜索湖面以期发现小船的踪迹。
After the storm the people on the shore anxiously scanned the lake for any sign of the boat. 16没有身份证我不能放任何人进来，但对你来说是例外。
I'm not supposed to let anyone in without an ID card ,but I'll make an exception in your case. 17他已经从失败中汲取教训，不会犯同样的错误。
He has learned his lesson from the failure and won't repeat the mistake.
18我对你的能力很有信心，相信你一定会成功。
I have great faith in your ability,I'm sure you will succeed.
19即使下着雨，我们还是继续比赛。
Even though it was raining,we still went with our match.
20我醒过来时，发现自己躺在医院的床上。
I woke up to find myself lying on a hospital bed.
21我们需要通过减少道路上的车辆以降低燃料消耗。
We need to cut down on our fuel consumption having few cars on the road.
22电费上涨增加了我们的负担。
The rise in power costs has added to our burden.
23你应该自己判断行事，别总是跟在你哥哥的后面。
You should judge for yourself and not always follow your brother's lead.
24那种发型今年很流行，但是我想明年就会过时。
That hairstyle is in fashion this year,but I'm afraid it will be out of fashion next year.
25在追求真理的过程中，我们注定要遭受失败的痛苦。
We are fated to suffer from many failures in our quest for truth.
26我发现量入为出地过日子越来越难了。
I find it increasingly difficult to live within my income.
27现代政治家们都试图以电视讲话来影响普通百姓。
Modern politicians try to reach out to ordinary people in their TV speaches.
28应该帮助学生对人生采取积极的态度。
Students should be helped to adopt a positive attitude to life.
29希望全班同学参加这些讨论。
Everyone in the class in expected to participate in this discussions.
30如果你犯了罪就必须受到惩罚。
If you commit a crime you must expect to be punished.
英译汉
1At Oxford,each college is a corporate body distinct from the university and is governed by its own head and fellows.
在牛津大学，每个学院自成一体独立于大学，并被他们自己的院长和管委会成员所管理。 2Each college manages its own buildings and property,elects its own fellows and selects and admits its own undergraduate students.
每个学院自行管理本院的房产和地产，自己选举本院的管委会成员和录取本科生。
3Students choose which lectures to attend on the basis of their own special interests and on the advice of their tutors.
学生们根据自己独特的爱好和导师的建议去选择所上的课。
4In the national Teaching Quality Assessment exercises for 20xx,Oxford was awarded top marks in six out of ten subjects assessed.
在20xx年的国内教学质量评估活动中，牛津大学所研究的10个项目中的6项被授予高分。 5Smith is one American who clicked her way into a job,Steven Tools is another.
不少美国人用点击鼠标上网的方式找工作，史密斯是其中一位。
6 Most major newspapers and trade publications have online versions of their classified listings,enabling job-seekers to scan for work available across town,in another state,or around the world.
最主要的报纸和出版物都有在线版本的分类列表，求职者可浏览到在镇上、另一个国家或周围的世界的工作。
7 Everyone wears clothes.They can be a statement,a style,or a definition of who you are. 每个人的衣着展现了这个人对服装的陈述、风格或限定。
8 In middle school,I became more concerned with my appearance,like most girls.
上中学的时候，我想大多数女生一样更多的注意自己的外貌。
9 The clothing in high school became something that defined you,it identified you with a certain
group.
高中时的衣服成为显示你的特征的元素，它用一个确切的集团来证明你的身份。
10 Despite my choice to have my clothing reflect and not define me,I remain a victim of advertising.
尽管我选择的衣服反映出我而不是限定我，但我仍然受广告的影响。
选词填空
1 College courses should be designed to equip students with knowledge
2 For his achievement in the ...awarded him a .
3 Now that you're 13 you should..responsibility.
4 The engineering profession now...distinct branches.
5 The bookshelves were crowded with...publications.
6 Despite financial difficulties,they did...
7 In your report,you should...detailed description...
8 Companies publish annual reports to..
9 Dr.Wright was given the prize...distinguished...
10 The concept that everyone should have ...
11 The shop assistant said...discount if I...
12 We have to blame the benefits against..
13 The children are happy at...discipline.
14 Something is worrying me..define exactly...
15 The agency is more concerned with marking arty...
16 Food and clothing are...necessities of..
17 We give up the house..economic consideration.
18Thousands of soldiers are...abuse food and...
19 Police are anxious to ...concerning the ...