20xx年上海交通大学自主招生
One of the odd things about some business organizations is that they spend so much money to luse new customers and spend to little so little to keep them after they’ve been landed. It just doesn’t make sense. Taking customers for granted is routine in some larger organizations, where mere bigness generates an attitude of indifference.
Loyal customers are an organization’s only protection against bankruptcy, and losing them because of neglect or indifference is downright sinful. Not only do satisfied customers continue to fatten the till, they often encourage others to buy. This is advertising that doesn’t cost a penny. And although there are always problem is giving good services to customers, maintaining their patronage isn’t that difficult, it’s a matter of attitude, of believing that everyone who buys from you is entitled to the best treatment you can deliver. Plus giving just a little more than you have to.
We said there are always problems in giving good service to customers. The reason, of course, is that no organization is perfect, and there’s many a slip: unreasonable delays in filling orders, shipping the wrong merchandise, failing to answer letters promptly, and so on.
Sometimes these errors of failures can’t be helped. For example, if you can’t get parts because of materials shortages or a transportation strike, customers may be denied the goods they’ve ordered. And not infrequently the customer is to blame, for example, failing to clearly article or service required.
Yet no matter who is at fault customers whom you value highly should generally be given the benefit of any doubt. Note that we said ” customers whom you value highly”. The old saying that all customers should be treated alike is a myth. Customers who repeatedly place orders and pay for them will naturally get more attention than those who buy infrequently and have to be badgered to pay what they owe. However, you have to make the assumption that all customers are good unless proved otherwise.
1. The main idea of the passage is best summarized as “.
A. customers are kings
B. maintaining customers’ patronage is most important to business organizations
C. organizations should pay more attention to the benefit of their customers
D. business organizations should pay more spend so much money to attract new customers
A. it is difficult for large organizations to provide their customers with good services
B. without loyal customers an organization might go bankrupt
C. customers should always be well serviced
D. companies can employ customers to advertise their products
3. Which of the following statements might the author agree with?
A. Both an organization and their customers are responsible for certain errors.
B. An attitude of in difference towards the customers are responsible for certain errors.
C. Some errors and failures are unavoidable.
D. Only regular customers deserve good treatments.
4. What does the author imply by saying “The old saying that all customers should be treated alike is a myth.”?
A. It’s an old story that customers were treated equal.
B. It’s not true that all customers are treated equal.
C. Customers received equal treatment in the past.
D. It’s not real that customers should be treated equal.
5. The underlined word “identify”A. distinguish B. describe C. notice D. recognize
F（20xx年x月大学英语四级）
Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm. Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married elder man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side ,however, as partners are more llikely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.
So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socioe-conomic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological mechanisms. For example, Social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.
A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but as Christakis says:” people are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”
1. William Farr’A. Social life provides and effective cure for illness
B. Being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life
C. Women benefit more than men from marriage
D. Marriage contributes a great deal to longevity
2. Linda Waite’A. Older men should quit smoking to stay healthy
B. Marriage can help make up for ill health
C. The married are happier than the unmarried
D. Unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life
3. It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side”（Line 5,Para. 2）refers to A. The disadvantages of being married
B. The emotional problems arising from marriage
C. The responsibility of taking care of one’s family
D. The consequence of a broken marriage
4.
A.
B.
C. What does the author say about social networks? They have effects similar to those of a marriage. They help develop people’s community spirit. They provide timely support for those in need.
D. They help relieve people of their life’s burdens.
5. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. It’s important that we develop a social network when young.
B. To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.
C. Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.