1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 适用于有争议性的主题. 例如(e.g) [1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently. 在谈到.....,广大/绝大多数人的要求说.......但我觉得/观点有点不同。
[2]. When it comes to .... , some people believe that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both
arguments/statements , but (I tend to the previous/latter ) 当涉及到....有些人认为.......一些人则认为/声称，相反/恰恰相反。可能有一些在两个参数真理/报表，但（我更倾向于前
[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether......
现在，它通常是/一般/普遍认为/月/承认，....他们声称/相信/认为...不过，我怀疑/怀疑..... 1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 . e.g
[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/aroused
public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. 最近上升的问题/（现象）...已造成/引起公众/流行/宽/举世关注
[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention) 最近，问题的问题/ ...的现象已成为注意的焦点。 （已经被brouth公众的注意）
[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.
----- To be continued !! 通货膨胀/贪污/社会不平等...又是新的和痛苦的真理，我们必须学会面对的/不断另一个。-----待续
1-3 观点法 ----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.
e.g: [1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. be more visible/popular than... 历史上从未有改变的..被明显的，因为...在世界任何地方/中国有问题/思想的..更可见/受欢迎的程度...
[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to
realize/accept/(be aware) that... 现在越来越多的人/大量开始/来实现/接受/（知道）
[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition ot the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ...... 现在，人们日益认识/认识到有必要逾......现在，人们越来越认识到/的重要性的认识......
[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that....... 也许现在是有一个重新审视的态度/想法.......
1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点! e.g: [1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people . “知识就是力量。”这就是由培根说了。这句话也有同样的越来越多的人。
"Education is not complete with graduation." Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion. “教育是不完整的毕业。”这就是一个伟大的美国哲学家的意见。现在，越来越多的人分享他的意见。
[2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this . "........."如何我们经常听到这样的声明/放入系统一样的话/本。
In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......".在我们自己的日子，我们都已经习惯听到这样的传统抱怨，因为这"......".
1-5 比较法 --通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点. e.g: [1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... . 多年来，...已被视为...但是，人们正在以新面貌了。随着越来越多... ，人....... 。
[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new. 人们曾经以为... （过去，....)但是，人们现在这个新的共享。
1-6 故事法 ---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.
e.g: [1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern. 一旦（报纸），我阅读/学习....的现象...引起市民关注
[2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life. 我有一个朋友谁...如果他.... ？这样的困境，我们常常遇到在我们的日常生活的。
[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now. 从前，有一位男子谁...这个故事可能是（难以置信），但它仍然有现实意义现在
1-8 问题法 ----- 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题. e.g:
Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ...
But in my opinion , ...... . 应/什么...... ？的选项...差别很大，有些...，有的...但我认为，...... 。
Chapter 2 文章中间主体内容句型
原因结果分析
3-1-1. 基本原因 --- 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因. e.g: [1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ... 为什么... ？一件事..另一...
[2]. The answer to this problem involves many factors. For one thing... For another...... Still another ... 对这个问题的答案涉及很多因素。一件事...另......还有一个
[3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect .... /both individual and social contribute to .... 许多因素，包括身体和心理的影响.... /个人和社会的贡献....
3-1-2 另一原因 --------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用! e.g: [1]. Another important factor is .... 另一个重要因素是....
[2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem. ...还负责更改/问题[3].
Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for ..... 当然，...是不是唯一的理由..... 3-1-3 后果影响 --------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 .
e.g: [1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on.... 这将会产生深远/深远的影响/对....的影响[2]. In involves some serious consequence for ........ 在涉及一些严重的后果........
比较对照句型
3-2-1. 两者比较 ---> 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用 ! e.g: [1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B. 的优势获得了从A，更远远低于我们的优势从B取得更大
[2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B. 事实上，进行大的比重较
二 [3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects. 毫无疑问，它有它的消极影响以及积极的作用。
3-2-2 . 两者相同/相似 ------> 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用! e.g:
[1]. A and B have several thing in common. They are similar in that..... A和B有几个共同的东西。它们是相似的.....
[2]. A bears some striking resemblance(s) to B. A和B有些惊人的相似之处。 Chapter Three 文章结尾形式
2-1 结论性--------- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 .
e.g: [1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ..... 从什么上面已经讨论过，我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论..... [2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable ....... 总之/总之，这是更有价值....... 2-2 后果性------ 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.
e.g: [1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of ....... 我们必须呼吁立即方法，因为目前的现象...如果允许进行，必将导致沉重代价.......
[2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will be put in danger. 显然，如果我们忽略/是盲目的问题，但每一个机会..将处于危险境地。
2-3 号召性 -------- 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意. e.g:
[1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendcy of ...... 现在是我们要求立即结束对不良tendcy ......
[2]. It is essential thar effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency. 重要的是特尔巴格尔有效措施，应采取正确的趋势。
2-4 建议性 -------- 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法. e.g: [1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is .... Another method is ... Still another one is ..... 虽然不能一下子解决，但仍然有一些方法。最流行的是....另一种方法是...还有另外一个是.....
[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation. 意识/问题的认识是对局面的第一步。
2-5 方向性的结尾方式 ---- 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景. e.g: [1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way . 许多方案都被提供在这里，他们都作出了一些道理，但没有一个足够。这个问题应该承认，在一广阔的道路。[2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but .. might be helpful/beneficial. 没有快速的方法的..问题，但..可能会有所帮助/有益的。[3]. The great challenge today is ...... There is much difficulty , but ........ 今天的巨大挑战是......有许多困难，但........ 2--6 意义性的结尾方式 --------> 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义!
e.g: [1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit ..... 以下这些建议，并不能保证成功，但回报可能是值得的努力。这不仅将造福，也有利于..... [2]. In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly .. 在任何情况下，无论是正面还是负面，有一点可以肯定，它无疑会..