名言警句
在作文中引用合适的名言警句，会给你的文章增色许多。这里收集了我本人喜爱的一些 名言，可能会对你有用。我们使用引用的位置可以在开头结尾或正文段落中， 常见的使用形式如下：
One of the greatest early writers said ...
"Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ...
"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).
"......". How often we hear such words like there.
Useful quotations
逆境
by Robert Collier
In every adversity there lies the seed of an equivalent advantage. In every defeat there is a lesson showing you how to win the victory next time.
努力与成功
by Ann Landers
Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don't recognize them.
坚持
by Ralph Waldo Emerson
No one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves.
Confucius 孔子
Our greatest glory is not in never falling... but in rising every time we fall. 坚持
Mother Teresa
To keep a lamp burning we have to keep putting oil in it.
Henry Ford
Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it inuo small jobs.
Winston Churchill
Never, never, never, never give up.
Albert Einstein
In uhe middle of difficulty lies opportunity.
努力与成功
by Crassus
Those who aim at great deeds must suffer greatly.
Thomas Edison
There is no substitute for hard work.
Leo Tolstoi
The strongest of all warriors are these two- Time and Patience.
Thomas Jefferson
I'm a great believer in luck,
and I find the harder I work...
the more I have of it.
Robert Collier
Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out.
Ray A. Croc
Luck is a dividend of sweat. The more you sweat, the luckier you get. 实际经验与间接经验
You'll learn more about a road by traveling it...
than by consulting all the maps in the world.
动机与结果
Vince Lombardi
Winning isn't everything...
but wanting to win is.
John F. Kennedy
We choose to go!to the moon and other things , oot because they are easy, bu t because they are hard.
Thucydides
The strong do what they will.
The weak do what they must.
为人态度：
John Wooden
Talent is God given--Be Humble.
Fame is man given-- Be Thankful.
Conceit is self given --Be Careful.
行动：
Theodore Roosevelt
Do what you can , with what you have , with where you are.
Publilius Syrus Maxim
No one knows what he can do till he tries.
Terence
There is nothing so easy but that it becomes difficult when you do it reluct antly.
Thomas Fuller
A wise man turns chance into good fortune.
William Hazlitt
Prosperity is a great teacher;
adversity is a greater.
William Penn
No pains, no palm;
no thorns, no throne;
no gall , no glory;
no cross, no crown.
Will Rogers
Even if you're on the right track, you'll get run over... if you just sit th ere.
Opportunity rarely knocks on your door.
Knock rather on opportunity's door if you ardently wish to enter. 成功与失败
Vince Lombardi
It's not whether you get knocked down.
...It's whether you get up again.
Winston Churchill
An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity;
a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity.
热情（年轻/年老）
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. 信心
James Allen
The will to do springs from the knowledge that we can do. Samuel Johnson
Few things are impossible to diligence and skill.
Aughey
Lost time is never found again.
Voltaire
No problem can stand the assault of sustained thinking. Napoleon
Victory belongs to the most persevering.
细心
Euipides
Leave no stone unturned.
计划与工作
Norman Vincent Peale
Plan your work for today and every day;
then work your plan.
Henry Ford
Failure is only the opportunity to more intelligently begin again. Thomas Edison
I start where the last man left off.
理想与现实
What the mind of man can conceive and believe,
the mind of a man can achieve.
勤奋
Benjamin Franklin
Plough deep while sluggards sleep.
目标
Henry David Thoreau
In the lone run men hit only what they aim at.
幸运
Emily Dickinson
Luck is not chance...
It's toil...
Fortune's expensive smile is earned.
勤奋
Thomas Edison
Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. Useful Quotations
想象力
Albert Einstein Imagination is more important than knowledge. 挑战：
Walter Begehot
The great pleasure in life is doing what people say you cannot do. 机会与准备
Abraham Lincoln
I will prepare and some day my chance will come.
信心与事实
Henry Ford
Whether you think you can or think you can't -- you are right. English Proverb
Where there's a will there's a way.
There is no failure excepting no longer trying.
Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity.
英文写作网
TOEFL班的托福作文模板，100句常用句型按照托福作文结构组合而成。 作文文套一
A or B
Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B, from my point of view, it is more advisable to chose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
The main reason for my propensity for A is that___________________________.就理由进行解释_____________________.For instance,____________________
Another reason can be seen by every one is that____________________________.就理由进行解释___________________For example,____________________
The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because_____________________________
Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B, I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious. Such as________________.
In a word, ________________________________________________.So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to A.
作文文套二
A or B
将原题复述___________________________________________When faced with the decision of A of B, quite a few would deem that______________________, but others, in contrast, believe A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless factors which influence -A/-B, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.
The main reason for my propensity fo _________is that___________________
The second reason can be seen by every person that________.
In addition, these reason are also usable when we consider that_________.
There are some disadvantages in____________________另一种观点的缺点__________.
In a word, _____________重复观点句并缩写理由__________________.Taking
into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that___________.
作文文套三
单一命题式
The answer of this statement depends on your own experience and life style. In my point view, buying computers is as important as, if not more important than, buying books. So it is sagacious to ____________.Among countless factors which influence the choice, these are three conspicuous aspects as follows.
The main reason for my propensity for__________is that____________.
Another reason can be seen by every person is that________________.
Futhermore,______________.
In short,_________________复述前文中的理由______________.
作文文套四
agree or disagree
Some people argue as if it is a general truth that a _____________________________.But to be frank, I cannot agree with them. There are numerous reasons why I hold no confidence on them, and I would explore only a few primary ones here.
The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant o the basic fact that______________解释本段中心___________.
Another reason why I disagree with the above statement is that I believe that______________.
What is more, some students are interested in____________.
In a word, ________________.
作文文套五
A or B
Some people prefer to A. others believe B. When faced with the decision of A or B, quite a few would claim that______________, but others, in contrast , deem A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. There are numerous reasons why___________, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here. The main reason why I agree with the above statement, however, is
that_____________________. Take___________as example, ______________. There is another factor that deserves some words here. Such as ________________________.
Similarly, these reasons are also usable when we consider that______________.(exmaples:___________).
From the above you might got idea that I agree______________.(repeat the above three reason____________).So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to _______________.
作文文套六
Agree or disagree
Some people prefer to A, others believe B, Nowadays some may hold the opinion that ________________, but others have a negative attitude. As far as I am concerned, I agree/disagree that_______________. MY arguments for this point are listed as follows.
One of the primary causes is that_______________________.
Examples_______________.
But there is a fruther more subtle point we must consider. Examples.
What is more_______________. Examples___________
General speaking, __________. Recongizing the fact that _______________should drive us to conclude that______________.
作文文套七
A or B
In my point of view, A is as important as, if not more important than B. So it is sagacious to choose A. Among count less factors which influence A. there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.
The above point is certainly true if A is considered. For exmaple,___________________
Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that A is better than B. For instance,_______________
It would probably not be too kindly disposed to the idea that B is not important .
B________也好_________.
In a word, to choose A or B is something of a dilemma to the public because they sometimes are confused by the seemingly good qualities of B, and neglect hte genuinely good aspects of A. For the reasons presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that A, but not B.
作文文套八
A or B
When faced with the decision of A or B, quite a few would claim that A, but others, in contrast, deem B as the premier choice and that is also my point. This quite different view is based on the propensity of following points.
We may look into every possible reason, however, fore most reason for B is ____________________. For example, ______________.
Also, ________________________.
This is arbitray to judge B according only to the excuse I mentioned in the above paragraph.
Similarly, these reasons are also usable when we consider that________________. Admittedly, __________________A也有好的地方______________.By he same token, however, ______________B更好____________.Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that_____________.
作文文套九
A or B
When it comes to______________, Nevertheless, in my part, I prefer A rather than B as my inclination. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
I agree with the statement that _________without reservation since___________.
Naturally___________.It can be given a concrete example__________.
A more essential factor why I advocate the argument of __________is that. Obviously ________________.Take the case of a thing that____________.
Futhermore, what is worth noticing fact is that ________________. This demonstrates the undeniable fact that__________________.
Of course, choosing B also has advantages to some extent,_______________此处论述B的1-2优点___________.But if all these factors are contemplated, the advantages of A carry more weight than those of B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that_____________.
作文文套十
____________改写并复述题目____________. There may be by one or two disadvantages to ___________________; however, I believe that there are far more advantages. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
First of all, perhaps one disadvantages to____________is that______________.For instance, __________________. Another drawback to _____________involves the possibility that____________. For example, ____________.
Even though there may be one or two disadvantages to____________, the advantages far outweigh them. The main reason for my propensity for __________is that _________. For exmaple_____________.
Another reason for my inclination for _____________ is that _________________. For example, _________________.
In a word, in spite of the fact that there may be a couple of disadvantages to _____________, I feel that the advantages are more obvious___________.重复优点__________.Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that _____________.
作文文套十二
A or B
____________改写并复述题目____________.The advantages of B carry more weight than those of A. There are numerous reasons why __________, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here.
One of the primary cause is that_______________________.
What is also worth noticing fact is that_____________________.
Futhermore, ________________________.
Although I agree that there may be couple of disadvantages to_________________.I fell that the advantages are more obvious_____________.
_______________, Given the factors I have just outlined, I can only say that___________________.
作文文套十三
A or B
____________改写并复述题目____________.When faced withe decision of A or B,
quite a few would claim that ___________, but others, in contrast, deem A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless factors which influence _________, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.
The main reason for my propensity for ________________ is that _____________. Another reason can be seen by every person is that___________________.
The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because ________________________.
In a word, ___________________. Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ____________________.
作文文套十四
A or B
From my point of view, it is advisable to choose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
The main reason for my propensity for ____________________ is that ________________.
There is another factor that deserves some words here.
In a word, ________________________. While it is true that the argument, I disagree hold a little bit of water, I think_______________.
作文文套十五
agree or disagree
Nowadays, some may hold the opinion that ____________________. But others have a negative attitude. As far as I am concerned, I agree that ____________. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
I agree with the statement that ______________________without reservation since ________________.
Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that________________.
In a word, _________________________. Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that__________.
TOEFL句子结构100句
俞敏rainygrass
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
2. Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
5. In order to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one's meaning.
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
10. The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
12. Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called
scapegoating.
22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance's solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.
26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.
27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.
29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.
30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.
31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
32. That xenon could not form chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.
34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.
35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.
37. Lucretia Mott's influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.
38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.
40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.
41. The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.
42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.
43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives,
that is the main focus of social psychology.
44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams' enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.
46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
48. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.
49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.
50. The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.
51. Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of information on a single map.
52. Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.
53. Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the Untied States than did Henry Ford a pioneer in automobile production.
54. The use of well-chosen nonsense words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses in the field of language learning.
55. The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with the very first pictures ever made.
56. Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls told individually.
57. During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became what is now Indiana and Ohio.
58. Among almost seven hundred species of bamboo, some are fully grown at less than a foot high, while others can grow three feet in twenty-four hours.
59. Before staring on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, study the sailing directions, and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.
60. Of all the economically important plants, palms have been the least studied.
61. Buyers and sellers should be aware of new developments in technology can and does affect marketing activities.
62. The application of electronic controls made possible by the microprocessor and computer storage have multiplied the uses of the modern typewriter.
63. The human skeleton consists of more than two hundred bones bound together by tough and relatively inelastic connective tissues called ligaments.
64. The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.
65. Although mockingbirds superbly mimic the songs and calls of many birds, they
can nonetheless be quickly identified as mockingbirds by certain aural clues.
66. Not only can walking fish live out of water, but they can also travel short distances over land.
67. Scientists do not know why dinosaurs became extinct, but some theories postulate that changers in geography, climate, and sea levels were responsible.
68. The science of horticulture, in which the primary concerns are maximum yield and superior quality, utilizes information derived from other sciences.
69. Snow aids farmers by keeping heart in the lower ground levels, thereby saving the seeds from freezing.
70. Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.
71. People in prehistoric times created paints by grinding materials such as plants and clay into power and then adding water.
72. Often very annoying weeds, goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants and act as hosts to many insect pests.
73. Starting around 7000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere experienced temperatures warmer than at present.
74. When Henry Ford first sought financial backing for making cars, the very notion of farmers and clerks owning automobiles was considered ridiculous.
75. Though once quite large, the population of the bald eagle across North America has drastically declined in the past forty years.
76. The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home.
77. Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck hunting, but the American Kennel Club does not consider them sporting dogs because they are now primarily kept as pets.
78. As a result of what is now know in physics and chemistry, scientists have been able to make important discoveries in biology and medicine.
79. The practice of making excellent films based on rather obscure novels has been going on so long in the United States as to constitute a tradition.
80. Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye.
81. Television the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.
82. Television is more than just an electronics; it is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.
83. Even more shocking is the fact that the number and rate of imprisonment have more than doubled over the past twenty years, and recidivism------that is the rate for rearrest------is more than 60 percent.
84. His teaching began at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but William Rainey Harper lured him to the new university of Chicago, where he remained officially for exactly a generation and where his students in advanced composition
found him terrifyingly frigid in the classroom but sympathetic and understanding in their personal conferences.
85. The sloth pays such little attention to its personal hygiene that green algae grow on its coarse hair and communities of a parasitic moth live in the depths of its coat producing caterpillars which graze on its mouldy hair. Its muscles are such that it is quits incapable of moving at a speed of over a kilometer an hour even over the shortest distances and the swiftest movement it can make is a sweep of its hooked arm.
86. Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes. They are made from a variety of materials, such as way and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers.
87. Three years of research at an abandoned coal mine in Argonne, Illinois, have resulted in findings that scientists believe can help reclaim thousands of mine disposal sites that scar the coal-richregions of the United States.
88. When the persuading and the planning for the western railroads had finally been completed, the really challenging task remained: the dangerous, sweaty, backbreaking, brawling business of actually building the lines.
89. Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen is collections.
90. The United States Constitution requires that President be a natural-born citizen, thirty-five years of age or older, who has lived in the United States for a minimum of fourteen years.
91. Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill-climbing contests or in caving new trails in the desert.
92. Stone does decay, and so tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the man who made them have disappeared without trace.
93. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
94. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.
95. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.
96. I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things.
97. I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the
battlefield.
98. It is impossible to say simply for the fun and exercise: as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are around.
99. It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles------or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.
100. As the time and cost of making a clip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failure.
1. 美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. 19xx年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？
3. 人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
4. 由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. 任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. 一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
7. 简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。
8. 随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。
9. 诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。
10. 膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。
11. 酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。
12. Billie Holiday's 作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。
13. 理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。
14. 儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。
15. 受当代灌溉（技术设施）之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。
16. 机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器。
17. 人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。
18. 真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便。
19. 音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。
20. 虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。
21. 用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。
22. 一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。
23. 在大量的实验中，某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。
24. 大多数物质遇冷收缩，所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。
25. 大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。
26. 到了二十一世纪中叶，美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。
27. 伊丽莎白市，一个重要的航运和制造业中心，坐落于新泽西州的东部。
28. Elizabeth Blackwell，美国第一个女医生，创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。
29. Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人，他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师，而非电话的发明者。
30. 采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰，因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。
31. 骨头看起来是脆硬的，但它也有一定的弹性，使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。
32. 科学家曾相信：氙气是不能形成化合物的。
33. 对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失，避免人员伤亡。
34. 消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。
35. 未来主义，二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统，试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。
36. Everglades是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至的地区之一，此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受（法律）保护。
37. Lucretia Mott's的影响巨大，所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动的创始人。
38. 国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。
39. 大陆分水岭是指北美洛矶山脉上的一道想象线，该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。
40. 对地球引力的研究表明，在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。
41. 尤它州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。
42. 墙花之所以叫墙花，是因为其脆弱的枝干经常要靠墙壁或顺石崖生长，以便有所依附。
43. 社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的交往，而不是他们各自生活中的事件。
44. 给美国的新移民增加教育设施比任何社会运动都更多的激发了Elizabeth Williams的热情。
45. 典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀，凭此他们可以在受惊时一跃而起，飞离它们的躲藏地。
46. 根据人类学家的说法，直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似，额头后倾，眉毛突出。
47. 直到1866年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。
48. John Crowe Ransom在他的著作中描述了他认为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困。
49. 父母的教导如果坚定，始终如一和理性，孩子就有可能充满自信。
50. 北美远古的Hopewell人很可能种植了玉米和其他农作物，但打猎和采集对他们的经济贸易仍是至关重要的。
51. 使用多种多样的符号可以在一张地图里放进大量的信息。
52. 无政府主义这个词描述的是一堆理论和态度，它们的主要共同点在于相信政府是有害的，没有必要的。
53. 恐怕没有谁对大多数美国人的日常生活影响能超过汽车生产的先驱亨利．福特。
54. 使用精心挑选的无意义词汇，可以检验语言学科里许多基本的假定。
55. 优化历史是由一连串的迷人事件组成，其源头大概可以上溯到最早的图画。
56. 相互般配的珍珠，串成一条项链，就能卖到比单独售出好得多的价钱。
57. 十八世纪时，“小乌龟”是迈阿密部落的酋长，该部落的地盘就是今天的印第安那州和俄亥俄州。
58. 在竹子的近七百个品种中，有的全长成还不到一英尺，有的却能在二十四小时内长出三英尺。
59. 谨慎的航海员在出航前，会研究航向，记录的灯塔的位置，以便对各种可能出现的情况做到有备无患。
60. 在所有的经济作物中，棕榈树得到的研究最少。
61. 购买者和销售者都应该留意技术的新发展，原因很简单，因为技术能够并且已经影响着营销活动。
62. 电脑储存和由于电子微处理机得以实现的电控运用成倍的增加了现代打字机的功能。
63. 人类骨骼有二百多块骨头组成，住些骨头石油坚韧而相对缺乏弹性的，被称为韧带的结蒂组连在一起。
64. 珍珠的色泽受到作为其母体牡蛎种类及牡蛎生活水域的深度，温度和含盐度的制约。
65. 尽管模仿鸟学很多种鸟的鸣叫声惟妙惟肖，但人类还是能够依其声音上的线索很快识别它们。
66. 鲇鱼不仅可以离开水存活，还可以在岸上短距离移动。
67. 科学家不知道恐龙为何绝种了，但是一些理论推断是地理，气候和海平面的变化造成的。
68. 主要目的在于丰富和优质的农艺学利用了其他科学的知识。
69. 雪对农民是一种帮助，因为它保持地层土壤的温度，使种子不致冻死。
70. 历代文学作品中的英雄本色虽各有千秋，但其昭世功力却是恒古不变的。
71. 史前的人们制造颜料是将植物和泥土等原料磨成粉末，然后加水。
72. 黄菊花通常令人生厌，它挤走不那么顽强的植物，并找来很多害虫。
73. 大约从公元前七千年开始，在四千年当中，北半球的温度比现在高。
74. 当亨利.福特最初制造汽车为寻求资金支持时，农民和一般职员也能拥有汽车的想法被认为是可笑的。
75. 北美秃头鹰的数量一度很多，但在近四十年中全北美的秃头鹰数量急剧下降。
76. 水獭啃倒树木，以便取食物并获得造窝的材料。
77. 长卷毛狗曾被用作猎鸭时叼回猎物的猎犬，但是美国Kennel Club却不承认它们为猎犬，因为它们现在大多数作为宠物饲养。
78. 物理学和化学的一个成果是使得科学家们能在生物学和医学上获得重大发现。
79. 根据默默无闻的小说制作优秀影片在美国由来已久，已经成为传统。
80. 因为顾客认为最好的水果应该看起来也是最漂亮的，所以种植者必须提供能满足挑剔眼光的产品。
81. 电视，这项从迅速变化和成长为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正
在步入一个新时代，一个极为成熟和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和世界。
82. 电视不仅仅是一件电器；它是表达的手段和交流的载体并因此成为联系他人的有力工具。
83. 更让人吃惊的事实是监禁的数目和比例在过去的二十年中翻了一番还有余，以及累犯率——即再次拘押的比例——为百分之六十强。
84. 他的教书生涯始于麻省理工学院，但是William Rainey Harper把他吸引到了新成立的芝加哥大学。他在那里正式任职长达整整一代人的时间。他的高级作文课上的学生觉得他在课上古板得可怕，但私下交流却富有同情和理解。
85. 树獭即不讲究卫生，以至于它粗糙的毛发上生出绿苔，成群的寄生蛾生长在它的皮毛深处，变成毛毛虫，并以它的脏毛为食。她的肌肉不能让他哪怕在很短的距离以内以每小时一公里的速度移动。它能做的最敏捷的动作就是挥一挥它弯曲的胳膊。
86. 人造花卉即可用于科学目的，也可用于装饰目的，它们可以用各种各样的材料制成，臂如蜡和玻璃；其制作如此精巧，几乎可以以假乱真。
87. 在伊利诺州Angonne市的一个废弃煤矿的三年研究取得了成果，科学家们相信这些成果可以帮助改造把美国产煤区弄得伤痕累累的数千个旧煤场。
88. 当有关西部铁路的说服和规划工作终于完成后，真正艰难的任务还没有开始；即危险，吃力，需要伤筋动骨和吵吵嚷嚷的建造这些铁路的实际工作。
89. 由于空间不足，艺术博物馆在考虑购买和接受捐赠的艺术品是越来越慎重，有些情况下放弃其进一步改善收藏的机会。
90. 美国宪法要求总统是生于美国本土的公民，三十五岁以上，并且在美国居住了至少十四年。
91. 美国西部的不毛之地正成为玩耍的地方，对越来越多拥有摩托车或越野单车类车辆的，喜欢放纵于爬坡比赛或开辟新的沙漠通道的寻欢作乐者具有不断增长的吸引力。
92. 石头不会腐烂，所以以前的（石器）工具能保存下来，虽然它们的制造者已经消失的无影无踪。
93. 昆虫就将会使我们无法在这个世界上居住；如果我们没有受到以昆虫为食的动物的保护，昆虫就会吞嚼掉我们所有的庄稼并杀死我们饲养的禽兽。
94. 确实，他们在探险中遇到了极具威胁性的困难和危险，而他们的装备会让一个现代登山者想一想都会浑身颤栗。不过他们并不是刻意去追求刺激的。
95. 老人和年轻人之间只有一个区别：年轻人的前面有辉煌的未来，老年人灿烂的未来却已在它们身后。这也许就是困难之所在。
96. 我们位年强人振奋。它们带有自由的气息，他们不会为狭隘的野心和贪婪享受而孜孜以求。他们不是焦虑的向上爬的人，他们不会对物质性的东西难舍难分。
97. 每次我听说体育运动能够在国家间建立起友好感情，说世界各地的普通人只要能在足球场或板球场上相遇就会没有兴趣在战场上相遇的话，我都倍感诧异。
98. 没有可能仅仅为了娱乐或锻炼而运动：一旦有了问题，一旦你觉得你输了你和你所属团体会有失体面时，你最野蛮的好斗本能就会被激发出来。
99. 人们已经发现，某些蝙蝠发出尖叫声并靠接受回响来锁定和避免障碍物——或者找到它们赖以为生的昆虫。蝙蝠这种回响定位法常拿来和原理与之很相近似的雷达相比。
100. 随着芯片制造时间和费用降低到了几天和几百美元，工程师们可能很快可以任他们的想象驰骋而不会被昂贵的失败所惩罚。
共17篇短文，是我在放假期间背诵单词的一点成果积累。主要参考书是张红岩的《TOEFL词汇精选》。共包含了1000多个核心词汇，并且在写作的时候根据字典修正了书上的少数错误。我每天在背单词的时候，先背3个Unit，然后选出其中的生词写成一篇短文，再把短文背下来，效果很好。希望对各位有帮助。
Unit One
The Abduction
An adage says that adversity is transient. The following allegory is an example.
Long, long ago there were two couples that had no children. They adopted a boy named Terry. They were affable to Terry and Terry adored them very much. They lived an amicable life and amassed affluence affections.
One day two bad men came the village. They found Terry and accosted him: “Are your parents at home?” “No, they went to drink in the tavern.” terry replied. “Good!” alleged one of them, “I've heard of an anecdote saying that, there's a bulk of ablaze antique treasure hidden somewhere near the apex of the mountain. Wish to find it out with us?” Terry was a boy with agility. He was allured and acclaimed: “Wonderful! I'll affiliate you.”
Terry's parents cannot find him when they're back. “Maybe you have alienated Terry. He find you acrimonious and left. ” Said the mother in anguish. “I'd not doubt his allegiance; He may have been abducted.” replied the father.
Just then they received a mail with an annex amalgamated with the text. In the appendix there was an abridged letter: “Your son is in our hands. We've abated his diet and annulled his sleep. We want $10,000 for absolving him. If you are amenable to our advisable request, send the money to the aperture of the sewer allocated north of the village within two days; If you adjourn, you'll never see him again!” the letter admonished without any annotating. The letter was not abstruse, but the abhorrent allusion drove them into agony. Quickly they called the police.
Several policemen were allotted to the case. They were adroit and adept in their job. Soon they rescued Terry and treated him with antiseptics. The couple felt abashed: “Thanks to the police, their affinity to spec ops amazed us. We'll abstain drinking and accentuate the agrarian work.”
The criminal and his accomplice were accused for abduction but were acquitted although proof was against them, because the avaricious judge adopted their bribery.
(July 15)
Unit Two
Greed
There were two archaic countries called Jalania and Cirathia long ago. Jalania was arid and bleak while Cirathia arable. The king of Jalania was an autocrat with belligerent bent who begrudged Cirathia and belittled her armament, and he decided to assail Cirathia.
Firstly, he sent an astute ambassador in bleached apparel to visit Cirathia. The king of Cirathia held a banquet and appointed him. He avowed: “We Cirathians are bestowed by God the ardent aptitudes. We are ascetic as to have few assets and bequests. We're also assiduous and keep austerity.” “Sure,” the messenger beguiled, “Your people have begotten great attainments, and we want to barter with your country.”
On hearing that, the Jalania king said: “Good, nobody can balk us.” And he basted Cirathia with his army. They bereaved Cirathia land and beset its capital. The Cirathia king was astounded and berated: “You shit belied your avid aspire for our land and blemished justice!” All Cirathian officials were befuddled and began to bicker with each other. Only one minister said: “Although situation is arduous, we shall not apprehend them. I've appraised them and asserted that their ardor won't last long. Everything is auspicious and will get assuaged.”
The Jalania forces' general thought: “Our king is too bigoted. Ever since I passed his audition and became general, my allegiance has been basked in attrition. I've awed him, but now filled with aversion. I'll kill him and retire. I'm apt to study barometer.” So he aspersed: “Our king is avaricious and barbarous. We shouldn't bend to his arrogance.” Then he sent an assassin and assassinated the king.
July 16
Unit Three
Prisoners of War
Thousands of war prisoners were kept in captivity in the bulky camp. They lived in clutter and had to deal with chore. They must show categorical obedience or else receive caustic chiding. The guarding officers censure them very often, as well as clamoring carnal punishments. Some captives got bruise and clots all over. Male
prisoners lost their collaterals and female ones fail to keep chaste.
They wear burnished canvas, and rested in circumscribed room with small capacity and caliber. They chafe each other and brawled frequently. They were chary of moving and can hardly budge. Their situations captivated lots of reporters, who castigated the government with cogent proof. However, the government gave bombastic data and bragged about the conditions in the camps.
After the calamity of war ceased, large numbers of captives were longing for the boon of brisk free life. According to a clandestine bond between the two canny governments, a process of exchanging captives will soon commence. This is considered as opening a cleft in the clogged wall between the two countries.
July 18
Unit Four
Laden's End
As Osama bin Laden's forces failed contending with the Northern Confederate, he had to abandon the commodious capital city of Kabul and conceal his trail inside the contour of large mountains and caverns. His career comprises confidential conspiracy, conspicuous terrorist assaults, Islamic fundamentalist creed and contemptible crimes. But now, most of Laden's subordinates contemplated and become contrite, while castigating him with their conscience.
Three months ago, some conciliatory connoisseurs of international affairs from UN came to Afghanistan with cordial compassion to the catastrophe occurring there, and consorted Laden. They deem it contingent to arrive at a congruity if Laden would concede. However, Laden was credulous in his counsel's words that the constellation shows fortune to them. He was covetous and contemptuous of his enemy. Confounded by conceit, he craved for uniting the entire nation. Thus he contemned the UN commission's advice and convened his troops for counterstrike.
Soon US corroborated that Laden was the person who contrived the new attack method of impacting skyscrapers with planes, and person who conspired the concerted serial assaults in New York. Laden cowered and constricted his mouth. He controvert that he was consecrating some food with condiment to the God in order to confine the contagious disease in Afghanistan, and had no time to organize the attack. But US ignored his construing. They said that Laden's story was concocted and his credential was counterfeited. Then they confiscated it and attacked his troops with bombs that contaminated the whole country.
Laden confided to his congenial officer with composure: “They won't connive our terrorism, any more than condoning us. We must consolidate the forces, equip them with the counterpart weapons of US army's, and put compulsive death to those infidels.” “You're so composed! Let's conceive something optimistic.” The officer commended.
July 20
Unit Five
Family betrayer
Maria was a damsel in a noble family that had passed its culmination and fallen into decadence. She was little defective, for he knew decorum well and was deft at cuisine of desserts. She followed her father's decree and deferred marriage year after year, her best ages detained.
One day, Maria's father designated her as a deputy to dispatch a deleterious man who denounced her family and depicted its defect to others. After she saw the man, he declaimed: “You're deluded by your culpable father's deceit. He's a despicable person who despoiled our property. He derided us and denoted that we should work for him. I am the delegate of all deceived people. We detest your father in cynical manners and demur to him before the deities. We live in dank cells and feel dazed frequently, but we're dauntless. We'll keep deprecating him until he deplore.”
What the man delineated struck Maria greatly. Her deference to father detracted, she said in a dejected mood: “I have despised you poor people but now I'm deferential. You're right in decrying my father's detriment to you all. He deformed the truth and defrauded me. I'll curb my cursory task to put you into demise with this deterrent. Also, I'll detach myself from my family.”
After some curt compliments, the man said: “Thanks, I'll go around that declivity and dab the bell dangling on the ceiling as a signal for us to escape.”
July 23
Unit Six
The Arrogant Scholar
Aldaris is a scholar with many devout disciples. He has been disseminating
doctrines that is said to be not having the most diminutive drawback. He economizes his own life and become emaciated. When he came to our city last year, our domineering boss discerned him and invited him to give us a discourse.
Aldaris was eloquent and began dilating with elation: “What I want to elucidate today is a problem which is long distained and has dismayed many people. It distracts them all the time and makes them downcast. That is: How to effectuate the discretion in edifying your disposition? ……” He devised lots of dispensable sentences while eluding the important things, thus digressed the topic and the lecture sounded devoid of sense. What's more, his dialects greatly disarrayed the audience and dwindled the effectiveness of his speech.
It was getting dusky and began to drizzle. We all became drowsy and our boss's patience ebbed. He was discreet and didn't want to disfigure himself by forcing Aldaris to stop, but he really disparage his speech very much and cannot dissemble any more. Eventually, he said in a devious way: “Your topic is discernible, but it's so dingy now. Let's disband the meeting and I'll disburse your plane ticket back home with discount.”
Aldaris became dismal at once. He replied: “Do not dissimulate or disclaim your real purpose. You divulged that your patience dissipates. Well, if any of you can disprove the topic of my discourse, you can displace me and I'll go home keep dormant. I'm so ductile.”
“Stop effusing your words filled with discord,” shouted the boss angrily, “I've dissected your topic and it embodies nothing. Diversify its content, or we'll efface them. We diverge too much and I have to let you leave, otherwise you're doing nothing but embezzling our money.”
July 30
Unit Seven
Great Archaeological Discovery
An erratic instrument was exhumed from an excavation of ancient epoch. It looked like a pipe but was embroidered exquisite pictures on it, and could still engender a euphonious sound. As nobody in the country can enunciate what it is, an archaeologist with special expertise skill was enlisted from abroad.
Following the envoy, the expert came to the expedient huts encompassing the spot. During his expeditious esteeming, the expert was completely engrossed. He exclaimed: “This is an exotic flute which is the oldest extant one, and all others have
been exterminated in ethic migrations.” Then he gave an exemplary play with the pipe, followed by extemporaneous expounding to its structure. Eventually, he extolled the importance of this discovery, showing exorbitant etiquette.
The enrapturing local official held a banquette on the archaeologist's exodus. However, the instrument's value enticed the expert and entailed his greed. He emended his plan and wanted to encroach the flute. Thus he exerted his eloquence and equivocated: “Sorry I've made a mistake maybe. According to an excerpt from a book enacted by my teacher, this instrument is unworthy. Its value cannot emulate a common flute.”
The official was exasperated: “Nobody will endorse such nonsense excluding yourself. Your crime can be neither extenuated nor exempted. Expedite your steps and eschew us, foolish exponent.”
The archaeologist was enervated and ran away as soon as possible.
Aug 9
To be countinue
Unit Eight
The Fox and the Chicken
The frigid winter and scarce food supply famish many animals, including a ferocious fox. He is almost forlorn because he has garnered little food when the land was fertile, and the flora is extraneous to his diet. He used to be fussy and extravagant with his food but now has to fetter his stomach and be frugal. “What a formidable winter!” he gabbles.
Just then his eyes flicker due to a fortuitous discovery. After ferreting about the whole grassland fraught of snow for fishy objects, he finally found a small finch with fuzzy feather and fragrant smell. A chicken! “Haha, facile prey!” the fox was exultant, “Hmm…She looks so fatuous and feeble. But I shall not go forthright, because the feud between foxes and chickens will fluster or fret her, and foment her escape. I must make her believe her foe through frauds.”
After fitful garnishing, the fox comes up to the fluffy fowl with a genial smile on his face. He feigned that he is a gentry with genteel speaking genre: “Hey, my fraternal friend! I'm coming to extricate you from a disaster. It's not facetious. Your nest is too flimsy and frail to be a fixture for living. It cannot foil great gales coming soon. However, I can help building a new nest with many fortes for you, which can forestall water exuding. I just want to show my genuine feat and won't extort money
from you.”
“Stop your futile fraudulent figment. It's such gauche farce.” Flouted the chicken, “Look at the frowsy gash on your cheek. You're the fickle figurehead of the fox clan who just failed in the factious fights.”
The fox cannot gainsay the chicken's words and left in frenzy frustration.
Aug 11
Unit Nine
Generation Gap
Ted made a fortune and hiked back his idyllic home in illustrious guises. He wore a grand hat, a pair of gilded glossy shoes and a girdle with glazed tip. All neighbors in the gorge welcomed Ted with homage instead of grudge, and he was gleeful as well as haughty.
Yet, Ted's father, who used to be humane, criticized him bitterly: “How hideous you are! We used to be hardy and hectic. We're gregarious and never guileless. Now you made a haphazard fortune and lost our virtues. Hearsay says that you get your money by harrying passengers and hewing trees. Somebody even imparted me that you've committed immense homicide. If you've done those illicit things, It's surely ignominious idiosyncrasy, and you'll lose your imminent heirship if you go on like that.” He humiliated Ted.
Ted imbibed some tea, groped his match and ignited a cigar. “You're too hackneyed and grumpy,” he grumbled in a grouchy voice, “I cannot gratify your obsolete ideology. You old people used to live like ignoble cattle and illegible grasses. You glean grain from fields and heave them back in gratitude to the God. You gnaw dirty food everyday, ignorance of hygiene. All my wealth hinges on my gripping many chances and it's unreasonable for you to gibe me like that.”
The hubbub of haggling attracted many neighbors who were heedless at first. Some of them approved the son's grievance while others took it as heresy. The quarrel's gist was generation gap.
Aug 12
Unit Ten
Diplomatic Friction
A newly inaugurated impervious US submarine with diesel impetus was taking an imperative task near an insular navy base in Japan. As it made its way across the intrinsic flows, an inconceivable fish boat suddenly emerged in front of them. The indolent captain was so imprudent and inert that he turned the steer too late. It was a big submarine with great inertia and the fish boat was in an inept position. It was stricken hard, and the influx of water into the boat's interior space caused the boat to sink in impotence.
The imposing accident incited incisive diplomatic frictions after short interlude. Incensed local fishermen were indignant and impetuous. They incriminated the US navy for insulting their nation. Some of them even instigated local governors with inordinate incentive.
A group was set up to inquire the accident. After some inquisitive inquiry, they imputed the matter to the fish boat and tried to act as the intermediary to intercede between the fishermen and the US navy. However, the local fishermen were insubordinate and intrepid. Although they're indigent and make livings on indigenous products, they decided to indict the US navy. Their action gained impassioned support and incessant invocation from the mass people. They hoped the insolent US navy could pay the indemnity.
The impassive governors, however, feared being implicated in the trouble. They intimidated the fishermen by instilling that, the US navy had innate privileges, and insinuated that their inflexible indictment was ineligible. But the fishermen were indomitable and inverted the infusing. The lawsuit began eventually.
All the crew of the submarine was interrogated. Finally all the incredulity dissipated: the intrinsic fault lay in the captain's incipient operation error. Although almost impeccable in the past, there's no impunity for him. When the indented judgment text was announced, the fisherman improvised an impromptu verse to mock the government's improvident waste of time.
Aug 13
Unit Eleven
Story on the Lawn
At 40°latitude, 110°longitude there was a large area of luxuriant lawn. A river
meandered through the grassland, manuring it with fresh water. A liberal girl lived there, whose merits was her matchless beauty and irreproachable ken. Her hair was lithe and her eyes limpid. Every morning she would wear her laurel and lash her sheep onto the lawn. The mediocre life elapsed in lull for many, many years.
One day an itinerant nobleman came to the lawn. He was authorized by an irrevocable legislation to levy the place. He had malady in his leg and had to limp all the time, and all people jeered at his jolting languid muscle when he came. Some children's malicious mimicry to his walking manner greatly irritated him.
As he saw the girl, his eyes were filled with luster and his lust arose: “Aha, a menial meek girl with fine malleable skin! She reminds me of my newly-marital life.”
Full of malice, he kindled a cigar and accosted the girl: “You're such a methodical girl with manifold talents. I've learned of a maxim saying that, phoenix cannot reside on a small tree, and I can liberate you from the leash of husbandry. You should lease your sheep to others and go with me to the maritime capital city whose prosperity is lauded by all.”
The girl was not at all irresolute. She replied in listless tone: “Look at the irreverent smile on your face and the ugly ledge on your leg. By meticulous observation, I loathe you. Your maneuver cannot jumble my mind and languish my alert.”
“Maligning!” shouted the nobleman.
After some liaison, many lusty malcontents came to the girl and drove the nobleman away.
Aug 15
Unit Twelve
The General Election
The quadrennial US president election is once again muddling the multitude. Parades with partisan motif fill the streets and obstruct the traffic. Nocturnal TV programs are monotonous due to the noxious orations. Both parties have gained tremendous patronage from the opulence of large businesses. It's no wonder the greatest ordeal to those politicians.
The Democratic Party's candidate, Gore, is an outspoken and overbearing man
with obstinate thoughts nurtured in a needy family. He gives an offhand comment that the Republic Party's candidate, Bush, is a moron with morbid brain. He outwitted the public that, if he wins, he would modulate the policies, popularize obligatory education and mollify the current economic depression.
Bush, although overdue for the election, is a munificent person with nimble style in his outfits. He obscures his own flaws and evades Gore's onsets. Instead, he frequently mentioned the former president Clinton's obscene history. “I'm not the panacea for all problems, but I can be palatable small dish for you to nibble. Oust Gore from your tickets and support me please. Our serious security conditions can be mitigated.” Bush paraphrases his ideas.
As Gore overlooks many chances and fails to mold his aspect successfully, his negligence finally causes Bush's victory. According to the pact between them, Bush sets up his government and begins to nominate his ministers.
Aug 16
Unit Thirteen
Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhi was the peerless precursor of India national independence movement as well as a provident politician with prodigious probity. Grown up in penury, he was a pious posterity of the Indian people and had no prodigal penchants.
Fighting for the perennial independence of India, Gandhi is propped by many followers. He told them to keep placid and proscribed violence which may pervert people, for he knew profoundly, if that prevails, their prestige would be profaned and the movement would fall in plight. As a result, he kept placating his followers by plotting petitions with percussions and pleaded with the British colonists with propriety to accept their plausible proposals. Local governors professed his process permissible, and his minions proliferated.
As Gandhi's propensity to become independent protruded and his profuse methods of struggle protracted, the colonists were prodded and pensive. They fear that the poise would be broken and fights would pervade. So they prosecuted Gandhi for pilferage of poultries and plunged the plaintiff into the penal jail. The jail keeper was prone to sympathy and made special food provision for Gandhi by pecking the jail wall. Their precious proximity was not perpetuated. Soon the keeper was precluded from touching Gandhi and Gandhi lost his preference.
A prolific playwright wrote a play about Gandhi with pertinent topic recently. In the prelude of the play he premised that Gandhi was still alive. When the play was on,
it precipitated and the perspective of the city's profile became picturesque.
Aug 18
Unit Fourteen
The Lord and the Hermit
Once upon a time there was a rapacious lord. He was relentless to his tenants and quelled them by placing quotas to their living condition. Soon he collected quantitatively great revenue and lived in a radiate palace. He was also renowned for his queer clothes.
One day the lord's disease relapsed, so he rallied his subordinates for help. One of them said: “I've heard of a recluse who knows regimen well residing nearby. Why not visit his residence for help?” Another retorted: “Be prudent, maybe it is only a rumor.” But the rash lord was filled with rapture and ratified the visiting plan.
On the next Sunday, the lord purged himself, held a quaint rite and started for the hermit's home. They passed rugged rustic passages full of paddles and the lord almost recoiled. Finally they arrived. The lord felt disappointed at the recluse's reception, but he wouldn't relinquish the chance and talked to the hermit with reverence.
The hermit ruminated and reverted to the main topic in a pungent voice: “I've heard lots of your ravenous deeds. You retract the land you've distributed to the farmers and order them to redeem their land. You must redress your guilt and rehabilitate their freedom. Reimburse their respective debts and build refuge for them. You can retain the residue of your property.”
The lord was reluctant to renounce his wealth and be rent from his palace. He rebuked: “Your advice is too reckless. I'm resolute not to accept it.”
“Why so repulsive? You cannot repudiate my words.” The hermit reiterated his suggestion and its resonance echoed. “Remit their taxes with rebates, or a riot is imminent.”
The lord again refuted. At last he went back in remorse.
Aug 19
Unit Fifteen
Watching the Execution
It is reported that two seer criminals were to be executed in the town center today,
and spontaneous spectators have gathered around the sedate square in sporadic groups fore fear of solitude. They skimmed the sardonic slogans pasted on the walls about those social slags. The air was solemn and sensuous.
Soon several policemen came from the stall as speculated, shoving two criminals saddled by shackles. As they walked around the sloppy slope, people shunned them because they're thought to be sinister. Then the executioner began to scrutinize the criminals that had been kept in seclusion for days, his face steadfast and his rifle shined with splendor.
The first criminal was a murderer who had smothered a boy. The police was not sluggish at all and pushed him forward without scruple. As the executioner drew his sword and it slumped, the criminal's neck snapped, and his head was severed from the body. Blood spouted from the gush and sprayed onto the ground. Some watchers' clothes were smeared and spewed at the terrible scene. The executioner sheathed his sword and shouted: “Next one.”
The second was a sly cheater who obtained $100,000 through one solitary method. He solicited: “I fear the savor of sword. Kill me with a rifle, please.” “No, it squanders bullets.” Replied the executioner with sarcasm. “You're too skimpy,” said the criminal in a satirical tone, “please satiate my last will.” After some squabbling he was satisfied.
The executioner fired at the criminal's spleen. Blood spurted out, like sprouting flower. The criminal was still sober and felt seared. The bullet singed his body and killed him without much snag.
The police then gave the spectators lots of sermon but nobody listened. I collected a bullet shell and scooped some blood sediment up from the ground as a souvenir, then returned home without sojourn.
Aug 20
Unit Sixteen
Misery of the Negro Slaves
400 years ago, many European colonists with supple hair went to Africa and subverted the aboriginal empires. After the subjection, local residents succumbed to the colonists. The conquerors found them stocky and submissive. They surmised that those tangible traits made them suitable for strenuous work. So they shipped those Negroes to America in order to supersede animal labor.
During the 1600s, from African plains to the summits, millions of Negroes
tallying the requirements were tied together with strap. Their noses were transfixed and their faces tinted. Then they were jammed into stout ships teeming slaves thrust by sails and shipped to America. While in the ship, they fed on tepid tenuous porridge and stodgy corn. Stripped of all things, their head thumped the deck and their noses tingled while the ship waved. Such bad conditions were not tentative, so they became torpid and tranquil as well as susceptible. Surplus people were thrown into the sea and were submerged by water. As the slavers kept tantalizing them, Even the most temperate man became sullen. Their touchy temperament caused much strife and many ships strayed.
After they finally surmounted all the difficulties stunting them and subsisted until they reached America, they found themselves suffusing the slaver's farms to which they were subsidiary. Their stingy superintendents stipulated with them that, their job was temporal and would soon be supplanted by more succinct work. It's their tact however. Everyday they ate their sustenance when the bell tolled. It was tacit in the synopsis of the contact that they can never be free. Their thrift and torment transcended all that in human history.
When their deeds transpired, the colonists' reputation got tarnished. International organizations sublimated the topic of fighting against slavery and began to tackle the problem.
Aug 21
Unit Seventeen
The Perilous Journal
Common tourists virtually never go upstream the Amazon River too far. I've been venerating those valiant adventurers as well as wistful and longing to become one, until last year, I joined a group of archaeologists who were trying to unearth archaic vestiges, such as wares polished with varnish, from a site deep in the rainforests.
Several trotting mules tugged our boat. Our leader, Jimmy, was an upright, witty man with unshaken will. He wielded the steer warily and kept vigilant. The water trickling underneath our boat formed trifling waves. The uncanny scenes and unruly animals on the banks aroused our whims.
It was dawn and everything around was vague. Suddenly the boat was wagged sharply and we woke up in turmoil. There was a huge whirlpool ahead, which generated vehement vibration. As we waddled toward Jimmy, he veered the boat with not a whit of hurry until we escaped the turbulent area.
Still in trepidation, we got onto the bank and launched a campfire with twigs. We
took off the wet clothes and wrung them out, then dried them on the fire through ventilation. I made a wry smile because I was wearing an unbecoming coat in vogue. We then composed a verse to praise Jimmy's wit and valor.
As the incident vexed us, our faith wavered and our courage waned. Somebody tried to wheedle Jimmy into aborting the adventure, but Jimmy vetoed the suggestion. “Unless unanimity, I won't agree with such unseemly advice.” He vindicated his decision.
Aug 24
end
TOEFL最新成语及其例句
1.Those second-hand pianos are selling like hot cakes,if you want one,you'd better buy one now before they're all gone.
sell like hot cakes=sell very well or very quickly
2.Whenever I have to make a speech I get butterflies in my stomach.
get butterflies in one's stomach=ger nervous
3 He would do anything for his daughter.She was the apple of his eye.
be the apple of one's eye=be very precious to sb.
4 Lend me $30,please,Tom,I'm broke at the moment.
be broke=doesn't have any money
5 The accident was caused by a taxi driver jumping the green light.
jump the green light=doesn't wait for the traffic lights to change to green
6.You didn't think I was serious,did you,Joe! It was a joke! I was pulling your leg, that's all.
pull one's leg=tease someone,逗某人玩
7 Because the owner wanted a quick sale, the painting went for a song-only $1000. If something "goes for a song",it is sold very cheaply
8 He caught the last train by the skin of his teech.
By the skin of one's teech=the person only just caught the last train;he almost missed it.
9 There was a shortage of food; so you had to pay through the nose for what you could find.
To "pay through the nose"for something is to pay far more for something than it is really worth
10 If he finds out what you did with the company's money,he'll hit the roof. hit the roof=get very angry
11 The sky got very dark and soon the rain began to bucket down.
bucket down = rain very heavily
12 They all chip in for the benefit of Simpson's widow and little child.
chip in=contribute money 捐献
13.He usually buys his clothes off the peg.It's cheaper than going to a dressmaker. Off the peg clothes =成衣
14 Now stop beating about the bush and tell me what happened!
beat about the bush=avoid saying directly what you mean
15 I really must go and lie down for a while ;I've got a splitting headache.
splitting headache=painful headache
Toefl听力成语精选
1.flying colors--success,victory
2.little by little--gradually
3.call off--cancel
4.come into--receive,especially after another's death
5.put off--postpone
6.stop by--make a brief visit on one's way elsewhere
7.tie up--hinder
8.be out for--trying to get
9.fill in for--take another's place
10.turn down--(1)refuse or reject
(2)reduce the loudness of
11.go off--begin to ring
12.cut down--lessen;reduce;limit
13.come up with--produce;supply
14.make it--(1)achieve a specific goal
(2)succeed in general
15.catch one's eye--attract one's attention
16.care for--(1)like;value
(2)look after;take care of
17.head and shoulders above--much better
18.catch on--become popular
19.on the whole--in general
20.fill sb in--tell what sb should know
21.in a nutshell--in a few words
22.from top to bottom--completely;entirely
23.take the plunge--enter with sudden decision upon an unfamiliar course of action
24.on the tip of one's tongue--unable to be recalled
25.cheer up--feel happy;stop being sad or discouraged;become hopeful
26.hold off--postpone;delay
27.on cloud nine--a state of perfect happiness
28.back out--withdraw from an undertaking
29.grin and bear it--be as cheerful as possible in pain or trouble;do someth ing without complaining
30.turn out to be--come to be;prove
31.bite off more than one can chew--attempt something that exceeds one's abi lity
32.in the air--uncertain
33.get hold off--find a person so you can speak with him
34.learn the ropes--acquire thorough or special knowledge of a job
35.tear oneself away from--depart with great reluctance;force oneself to lea ve
36.tie up--engage or occupy completely
37.touch on--mention a subject briefly or casually
39.see to it--take care;take the responsibility;make sure
40.get along with--live or work in harmony with
41.give away--give as present
42.account for--explain
43.out of print--no longer available for purchase from the publisher
44.send out--distribute
45.in no time--in a very brief time;almost at once
46.before long--soon;without much delay
47.play by ear--(1)play an instrument without using written music
(2)handle a matter without adequate preparation or guidance
48.wear and tear--loss or damage caused by use
49.come what may--no matter what happens
50.drop by--make a short or unplanned visit
51.be short of--not having enough
52.cut it out--stop doing sth
53.be sick of--be tired of;having a strong dislike of
54.look for a needle in a haystack(a bottle)--search for something in a plac e where it is hopelessly lost.
55.knock oneself out--work very hard;make a great effort
56.run up against--encounter
57.far from--anything but;not at all
58.far from it--by no means;not at all
59.hang on to--hold tightly;keep firmly
60.get nowhere--be unsuccessful;obtain no result
61.day in and day out--every day;all the time
62.break down--cease to function
63.get going--get started;begin to move
64.take one's time--not hurry
65.boil down to--indicate,especially as a final judgement or analysis
66.make up--take a test for the second time
67.put up with--bear with patience;tolerate
68.by and by--before long
69.give someone a hand--help;assist
70.ring a bell--sound familiar
71.snap out of it--(1)change one's habits,attitude,etc,suddenly
(2)regain one's composure,energy,or good spirits;recover
72.raise the roof--make trouble;start a fight or an argument
73.get away with--escape without punishment
74.on business--with definite work to do
75.look up--search for;as an item of information,in a referance book
76.let up--(1)cease;stop
(2)slacken;abate
77.in any case(or event)--no matter what happens
78.come out--be published
79.look into--investigate;inspect
80.fall back on--rely on
81.spell out--explain very clearly or in detail
82.wrap up--bring to end,especially a successful conclusion
83.save one's breath--keep silent because talking will not help
84.hold up--(1)delay;hinder
(2)endure,last
85.have one's hands full--be very busy;be able to do no more
86.How come?--How is it?Why?
87.stick around--stay or wait nearby
88.make out--get along;manage
89.turn up--appear,turn out,show up
90.hold off--postpone;delay
91.over one's head--beyond one's power to understand
92.stock up--buy up;lay in a good supply of
93.stay put--stay in place;not leave
94.keep up--continue
95.tie up--occupy completely
96.in and out--coming in and going out often
97.make ends meet--make one's income suffice without incurring debt
98.on and on--without stopping
99.out of this world--wonderful;great
100.in a row--(1)in line;in alignment
(2)in succession;successively
101.wait around--waiting in vain
102.cool off(down)--make or become calm
103.hold the grudge--having hard feelings
104.come a long way--show much improvement;make great progress 105.straighten out--correct a mistake;make you realize you are wrong 106.once and for all--finally or decisively
107.put...away--put in the right place or out of sight
108.out of it--not concerned with;not involved in
109.bump into--meet by chance;run into
110.out of stock--lacking a supply of,especially temporarily
111.per se--in itself
112.keep to oneself--avoid the society of others
113.go out of one's way--make special effort to help somebody or do somethin g
114.put up--accomodate;lodge
115.under the weather--some what ill;in low spirit
116.come in handy--prove useful
117.talk one out of--make one leave off or forego something by talking 118.wait on--serve;attend as a servant
119.go all out--make one's utmost effort
120.on sale--at a reduced price
121.try out--enter as a competitor
122.pass up--give up;renounce;reject
123.on behalf of--as a representative of
124.stay up--not to go to bed
125.the odds are--the chances are;the probability is
126.hold over--postpone
127.out of order--in the wrong arrangement or condition;not working right 128.booked up--have no seats or rooms left;have no free time left 129.fit in--find time to see someone
130.go in one ear and out the the other--make no impression
131.measure up--have the necessary qualifications
132.change of pace--a temporary shift or variation in the normal routine or regular pattern of activity
133.run out of--exhaust the quantity or supply of
134.go by--follow;obey
135.take it out on--cause someone else to suffer for one's own misfortune or dissatisfaction
136.get around to--find the necessary time for
137.put out--disturb;annoy
词根
ag,act 做，驱动 agent代理人 active活动的，积极的 agr 农田 agriculture农业 agrarian田地的
am 爱，亲爱 amicable友善的 amiable和蔼可亲的 anim 心灵，精神，生命 animal动物 animate有生命的 ann，enn 年 annual一年的 centennial一世纪的 astro 星 astronomy天文学 astronaut宇宙航行员 audi 听 audience听众 audible听得见的 bell 战争 rebellion反叛，反抗 bellicose好战
bio 生命，生物 biology生物学 antibiotic抗生的,抗生素 brev 短 brevity 简短 abbreviate缩短，节略 cede 走 precedent先行的，在前的 precede先行 cent 百 centimeter厘米 centigrade百分度的
center,centr 中心 concentrate集中 centrifugal离心力的 cide,cis 杀，切 suicide自杀 bactericide杀菌剂 claim,clam 叫喊 exclaim惊叫 proclaim宣布，宣告 clar 清楚，明白 declare表明，声明 clarify讲清楚 clud，clos 关闭 close关闭 exclude排斥 cogn 知道 recognize承认 cognitive认识的 cord 心 cordial衷心的 core核心
cosm 宇宙，世界 osmic宇宙的 cosmos宇宙 red 相信 credibility可信 credit信任
cur,cours 跑 ccurrence出现，发生 current流通的 cycl 圆，环 bicycle自行车 cyclone旋风 di 日 diary日记 diarist记日记者
dict 说 predict预言 indicate表示
duc,duct 引导 conduct指导 induce引诱 ed 吃 edible可吃的 edacity贪吃
fact 做，制 factory工厂 manufacture制造，加工 fer 带,拿 transfer转移 ferry渡船
flu 流 fluent流利的 influenza流行性感冒 form 形式，外形 transform改变 formula公式 fract,frag破，折 fraction碎片 fragile易碎的 fus 倾，注，溶化 fusion熔解 effuse泻 gen 起源 generate使产生 genetic遗传的 geo 地球，土地 geography地理 geology地质学 grad 步，走，级 gradual逐步的 graduate毕业 gram 写，记录 diagram图表 program节目单，方案 graph 写,画，记录 photograph照像 autograph亲笔，手稿 gress 行走 progress进步 retrogress后退 hap 机会，运气，偶发 happen发生 mishap灾祸 hospit 客人 hospital医院 hospitable好客的，殷勤的
insul 岛 peninsula半岛 insulation隔绝，孤立
hydra 水 hydraulic水利的 hydrant消防栓
ject 投，掷，抛 eject射出 project投射
junct 连接，结合 conjunction连接词 adjunct附属物
lect,leg,lig 挑选，采集 lect 选举 selection选举 eligible合格的，合适的 lev 举，升 elevator电梯 lever杠杆
liber 自由 liberate解放 liberalist自由主义的
lingu 语言 linguist语言学家 bilingual两种语言的
liter 文字，字母 literate识字的 literature文学
loc 地方 local当地的 locate使座落于
log 词，语言，讲演 dialogue对话 logic逻辑
loqu 说话 eloquent雄辩的 colloquial口语的，会话的
manu 手 manuscript手稿 manual手的，用手的
medi 中间 medium中等的 mediation居中调解
memor 记忆，记住的 memory记忆 memorial纪念日，纪念物 milit 兵 military军事的 militant战斗性的
min 少，小 inority少数 diminish减少，减小
mob,mot,mov 移动 mobile活动的 motion运动 immovable不可移动的 mort 死亡 mortal终有一死的 mortician承办殡葬的人
nov 新 novel小说 novelty新奇
numer 数 numeral数字的 numerous为数众多的
oper 工作 operate操作 cooperate合作
opt 视线，光线 optic视力的 optics光学
path 感情，苦楚，疾病 sympathy同情 pathetic可怜的
pel 推，逐，驱 expel驱逐 repel击退，反击，抵抗
pend,pen 悬挂 depend依靠 pendent悬空的
phon 声音 microphone扩音器 telephone电话
plen 满，全 plenty充足，大量 plentitude丰富，充足
pon,pos 放置 postpone推迟 position位置
popul 人民 population人口 popular人民的，大众的
port 搬运，带 portable可携带的 porter搬运工人
prim 第一，首要 primary最初的 primitive原始的
psych 精神 psychology心理学 psychic精神的
pur 清，纯，净 purify使纯净 depurate使净化
rect 正，直 erect直立的 correct改正
rid,ris 笑 ridicule嘲笑 derision笑柄，嘲笑
rupt 破 rupture破裂，裂开 interrupt中断
scend,scens,scent 爬 ascend上，升 descent下降
sci 知道 science科学 conscious有知觉的
sens,sent 感觉 sensation感觉 sentiment感情
sol 太阳 solar太阳的 parasol阳伞
spec 看 spectacle光景，景象 prospect展望
spir 呼吸，生命 conspire共谋 inspire吸气，鼓舞
tact,tang,tag 接触 intact未接触的 tangible可接触的
tail 切，割 tailor裁缝 retail零售
tain,ten,tin 保持，握，容纳 contain容纳 obtain取得,sustain支持
tect 掩，盖 detect侦察 发觉,detective侦探的
tele 远 telescope望远镜 telegram电报
tend,tens,tent 伸 extend伸开，扩展 extensive广阔的
text 编织 textile纺织的 texture组织，结构
therm 热 thermal热的 thermometer温度计
tor,tort 扭，扭转 orsion扭转 distortion歪曲
tract 拖，拉，吸引 attract吸引 attractive有吸引力的
un,uni 一 unite统一，联合 union联合，工会
ut 用 utility有用 utilize利用
vac,van 空，空虚 vacation假期 vanity空虚，虚荣
vari 变化 various各样的 variant变异的，不同的
ven 来 intervene干预，介入 prevent防止
vert,vers 转 adverse相反的 convert转换
vid,vis 看见 evident明显的 visible可见的
vit,viv 生活，生存 vital生命的 survival幸存
volv 滚动 revolve旋转 involve卷入
wis,wit 知道 wisdom智慧 witty机敏的
掌握一些英语构词法，对单词的记忆和理解有很大的帮助，下面笔者列举一些常用的词缀和词根。
一. 常见的前缀
1.表示否定意义的前缀
1)纯否定前缀
a-, an-, asymmetry（不对称）anhydrous（无水的）
dis- dishonest, dislike
in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular ne-, n-, none, neither, never
non-, noesense
neg-, neglect
un- unable, unemployment
2)表示错误的意义
male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调)
mis-, mistake, mislead
pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience
3)表示反动作的意思
de-, defend, demodulation(解调)
dis-, disarm, disconnect
un-, unload, uncover
4)表示相反，相互对立意思
anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的)
contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流)
counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance
ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy
with-, withdraw, withstand
2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀
1)a- 表示“在??之上”，“向??”
aboard, aside,
2)by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧”
bypath, bypass(弯路)
3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围，环绕，回转”
circumstance, circuit
4)de-, 表示“在下，向下”
descend, degrade
5)en-, 表示“在内，进入”
encage, enbed(上床)
6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部，外”
exit, eclipse, expand, export
7)extra-, 表示“额外”
extraction （提取）
8)fore- 表示“在前面”
forehead, foreground
9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内，在内，背于”
inland, invade, inside, import
10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在??间，相互”
international, interaction, internet
11)intro-, 表示“向内，在内，内侧”
introduce, introduce
12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中，中间”
Mediterranean, midposition
13)out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外”
outline, outside, outward
14)over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上”
overlook, overhead, overboard
15)post-, 表示"向后，在后边，次”
postscript(附言)，
16)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面”
prefix, preface, preposition
17)pro-, 表示“在前，向前”
progress, proceed,
18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面，下” subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement
19)super-, sur-, 表示“在?..之上”
superficial, surface, superstructure
20)trans-, 表示“移上，转上，在那一边” translate, transform, transoceanic
21)under-, 表示“在?..下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater
22)up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)
3. 表示时间，序列关系的前缀
1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前，早于，预先” antecedent, anticipate,
2)ex-, 表示“先，故，旧”
expresident, exhusband
3)fore-, 表示“在前面，先前，前面” foreward, dorecast, foretell(预言)
4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中，中间”
midnight, midsummer
5)post-"表示“在后，后”
postwar,
6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前，事先，预先” preheat, prewar, prehistory
7)pro-, 表示“在前，先，前”
prologue(序幕)，prophet(预言家)
8)re-, 表示“再一次，重新”
retell, rewrite
4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀
1)by-, 表示“副，次要的”
byproduct, bywork(副业)
2)extra-,表示“超越，额外”
extraordinary,
3)hyper- 表示“超过，极度”
hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)
4)out-,表示“超过，过分”
outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)
5)over-，表示“超过，过度，太”
overeat, overdress, oversleep
6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低，次，副，亚” subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)
7)super-, sur- 表示“超过”
supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass
8)under-,表示“低劣，低下”
undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)
9)vice- 表示“副，次”
vicepresident, vicechairman
5. 表示共同，相等意思的前缀
1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同，一起”。
connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate
2)syn-, syl-,sym-,表示“同，共，和，类”
symmetry, sympathy, synthesis(合成)
6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀
1)al- 表示“完整，完全”alone, almost,
2) over-表示“完全，全”overall, overflow(充满)
3) pan-表示“全，总，万”panentheism(泛神论)，panorama
7. 表示分离，离开意思的前缀
1)a- ab-, abs-,表示“分离，离开” away, apart, abstract, abstain
2)de- 表示“离去，处去”depart, decolour,
3)dis-, di-, dif-, 表示“分离，离开” divorce, disarm(缴械)
4)ex-, e-, 表示“离开，分离”expel, exclude, expatriate(驱出国外)
5)for- 表示“离开，脱离”forget, forgive
6)表示“离开”release, resolve
7)表示“分离，隔离”separate, seduce, select
8. 表示通过，遍及意思的前缀
1)dia-,表示“通过，横过”diameter, diagram,
2)per-, pel-, 表示“通，总，遍”perfect, perform, pervade(浸透)
3)trans-, 表示“横过，贯通”transparent, transmit, transport
9. 表示加强意思的前缀
a-, arouse, ashamed
ad-, adjoin, adhere( 粘着)
10. 表示变换词类作用的前缀
be-, befriend,
en-, enslave, enable, enrich
ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign(委派)
11. 表示数量关系的前缀
1)表示“单一”，“一”
mon-, mon-, monotone(单调)，monopoly, monarch
uni-, un-, uniform, unicellular(单细胞)
2)表示“二，两，双”
ambi-, ambiguous, amphibian(两栖类)
bi-, bin- bicycle, di-, diode(二级管)，
twi-, twilight
3)表示“十”deca, deco-, dec- deci-, decade, decimals
4)表示"百，百分子一"
hecto-, hect-, hectometer,
centi-, centimeter
5)表示"千，千分子一” kilo-, kilometer
6)表示"万，万分子一”
myria-, myri-, myriametre
mega-, meg-, megabyte
micro-, microvolt (微伏特)
7)表示"许多，复，多数”
multi-, mult-, multipmetre (万用表)
poly-, polysyllable,
8)表示“半，一半”
hemi-, hemisphere
demi-, demiofficial
semi-, semiconductor, semitransparent
pene-, pen-, peninsula
12. 表示特殊意义的前缀
1)arch-, 表示“首位，第一的，主要的”architect, archbishop
2)auto-, 表示“自己，独立，自动”automobile, autobiography
3)bene-, 表示“善，福”benefit
4)eu-, 表示“优，美好”eugenics(优生学)，euphemism
5)male-, mal- 表示“恶，不良”maltreatment, malodor,
6)macro-, 表示“大，宏大”macroscopic(宏观)
7)magni-, 表示“大”magnificent
8)micro-, 表示“微”microscope
13. 表示术语的前缀
1)aud-, 表示“听，声”audience,
2)bio-, 表示“生命，生物”biography(传记)
3)ge-, 表示“地球，大地”geography
4)phon-, 表示“声，音调”phonograph
5)tele-, 表示“远离”television, telephone
二. 常见的后缀
1. 名词后缀
(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人
1)-an, -ain, 表示"??地方的人，精通??的人”American, historian,
2)-al, 表示"具有??职务的人" principal,
3)-ant,-ent, 表示"??者” merchant, agent, servant, student,
4)-ar, 表示"??的人” scholar, liar, peddler
5)-ard, -art, 表示"做??的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者)
6)-arian, 表示"??派别的人， ??主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian
7)-ary, 表示"从事??的人" secretary, missionary
8)-ant, 表示"具有??职责的人" candidate, graduate
9)-ator, 表示"做??的人" educator, speculator(投机者)
10)-crat, 表示"某种政体，主义的支持者" democrat, bureaucrat
11)-ee, 表示"动作承受者" employee, examinee
12)-eer, 表示"从事于??人" engineer, volunteer
13)-er, 表示"从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, villager
14)-ese, 表示" ??国人，?..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese
15)-ess, 表示"阴性人称名词， actress, hostess, manageress
16)-eur, 表示"??家” amateur, littérateur
17)-ian, 表示"??地方人，信仰??.教的人，从事??职业的人”Christian,
physician(内科医生)，musician
18)-ician, 表示"精通者， ??家，”electrician, magician, technician
19)-icist, 表示"??家， ??.者, ??.能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist
20)-ic, 表示"??者，??师" mechanic, critic
21)-ie, 表示"爱，指小" dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)
22)-ier, 表示"从事??职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠)
23)-ine, ian, 表示"阴性人称" heroine, ballerina
24)-ist, 表示"从事??研究者，信仰??主义者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist
25)-ive, 表示"动作者，行为者” native, captive
26)-logist, 表示"??学家，研究者" biologist, geologist(地质学家)
27)-or, 表示"??者" author, doctor, operator,
28)-ster, 表示"做??.事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒)，songster
29)-yer, 表示" 从事??职业者” lawyer
(2). 构成，具有抽象名词的含义
1)-acy, 表示"性质，状态，境遇" accuracy, diplomacy
2)-age, 表示"状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称" courage, storage, marriage
3)-al, a) 表示"事物的动作，过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval b) 表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal
4)-ance, -ence表示"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience
5)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质，状态，行为，过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
6)-bility, 表示"动作，性质，状态" possibility, feasibility,
7)-craft, 表示"工艺，技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft（治国策）
8)-cracy, 表示"统治，支配" bureaucracy, democracy
9)-cy, 表示"性质，状态，职位，级别" bankruptcy(破产)，supremacy
10)-dom, 表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
11)-ery, -ry, 表示"行为，状态，习性" bravery, bribery, rivalry
12)-ety, 表示"性质，状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)
13)-faction, -facture, 表示"作成，??化，作用" satisfaction, manufacture
14)-hood, 表示"资格，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood
15)-ice, 表示"行为，性质，状态" notice, justice, service
16)-ine, 表示"带有抽象概念" medicine, discipline, famine
17)-ing, 表示"动作的过程，结果" building, writing, learning
18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程，结果，状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
19)-ise, 表示"性质，状态” exercise, merchandise(商业)
20)-ism, 表示"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
21)-ity, 表示"性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
22)-ment, 表示"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
23)-mony, 表示"动作的结果，状态" ceremony, testimony
24)-ness, 表示"性质，状态，程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
25)-or, -our, 表示"动作，性质，状态" favor, error,
26)-osity, 表示"动作，状态” curiosity
27)-ship, 表示"情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship
28)-th, 表示"动作，性质，过程，状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
29)-tude, 表示"性质，状态，程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)
30)-ure, 表示"行为，结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，
31)-y, 表示"行为的结果，状态，性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry
(3) 带有场所，地方的含义
1)-age, 表示"住所，地点" village, cottage
2)-ary, 表示"住所，场地" library, granary (谷仓)
3)-ery, ry, 表示"工作场所，饲养所，地点" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)
4)-ory, 表示"工作场所，住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory
(4) 带有学术，科技含义
1)-grapy, 表示"??学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
2)-ic, ics, 表示"??学??法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics
3)-ology, 表示"??学??论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
4)-nomy, 表示"??学??术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
5)-ery, 表示"学科，技术" chemistry, cookery, machinery
6)-y, 表示"??学，术，法” photography, philosophy
(5) 表示人和事物的总和，集合含义
1)-age, baggage, tonnage
2)-dom, newspaperdom(新闻界)
3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood
4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁)
5)-ure, legislature, judicature
(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义
1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant
2)-al, signal, pictorial(画报)
3)ar, collar, pillar(石柱)
4)- er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker
5)-ery, drapery(绸缎)
6)-ing, clothing, matting,
7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment
(7) 表示“细小”的含义
1)-cle, particle,
2)-cule, molecule(分子)
3)-el, parcel
4)-en, chicken, maiden
5)-et, pocket, ticket
6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)
7)-kin, napkin
8)-ling, duckling,
9)-let, booklet
10)-y, baby, doggy
2. 形容词后缀
（1）带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible
2)-al, natural, additional, educational
3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican
4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent
5)-ar, similar, popular, regular
6)-ary, military, voluntary
7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,
8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine
9)-ing, moving, touching, daring
10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish
11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive
12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory
13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)
(2) 表示“相象，类似”的含义
1)-ish, boyish, childish
2)-esque, picturesque
3)-like, manlike, childlike
4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
5)-some, troublesome, handsome
6)-y, milky, pasty
(3) 表示“充分的”含义
1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
3)-ent, violent,
(4) 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义
1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen
2)-ous, gaseous
3)-fic, scientific
(5) 表示方向的含义
1)-ern, eastern, western
2)-ward, downward, forward
(6) 表示“倍数”的含义
1)-ble, double, treble
2)ple, triple
3)-fold, twofold, tenfold
(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义
1)-teen, thirteen
2)-ty, fifty
3)-th, fourth, fiftieth
(8) 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义
1)-an, Roman, European
2)-ese, Chinese,
3)-ish, English, Spanish
(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义
1)-er, greater
2)-ish, reddish, yellowish
3)-est, highest
4)-most, foremost, topmost
(10)其他的含义
-less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless
3. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成，变成，??化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示"使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示"使??化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示"使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为??，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply
2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward
3)-ways, always, sideways
4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise
三. 常见的词根
常见的词根
1) aer, ar, 含义是“空气，大气” aeroplane, aerial,
2) ag, act, ig, 含义是“做，动作” active, agent, reaction,
3) alt, 含义是“高”， altitude,
4) alter, altern, altr, 含义是“其它，变更” alternate,
5) bio, bi, bion, 含义是“生物，生命” biology, bionics(仿生学)
6) brev, bri, brief, 含义是“短” brief, abbreviation, abridge(节略)
7) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含义是“取，获” capture, except, concept, capacity
8) ced, ceed, cess, 含义是“行，让步” proceed, succeed, excess(过度)
9) centr, centr, 含义是“中心” concentrate, eccentric(偏心的)
10) clain, clam, 含义是“呼喊” claim, proclaim, exclaim
11) clos, clud, 含义是“闭合” conclude, enclose, include
12) col, cult, 含义是“耕耘” colony, cultivate, agriculture
13) cor, cord, 含义是“心” cordial, record, accord
14) curr, cur, cour, 含义是“跑，动作” current, occur, concurrence(同时发生)
15) dic, dict, 含义是“说，示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict
16) doc, doct, 含义是“教” doctor, document
17) duc, duct含义是“引导，传导” introduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推论)
18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含义是“做，创造” factory, effect, profit, faculty, perfect
19) fend, fens, 含义是“打，击” defence, offence
20) fer, 含义是“搬运，移转” ferry, transfer, defer(迟延)
21) fin, finit, 含义是“终，极” final, finish, confine
22) firm, 含义是“坚固” firm, confirm, affirm(断定)
23) fix, 含义是“固定” prefix, affix(附加)
24) flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲” flexible, reflex
25) flor, flour, flower, 含义是“花” flower, flourish
26) form, 含义是“形” uniform, formula, transform, reform, deform
27) forc, fort, 含义是“力，强度” force, enforce, effort
28) gen, genit, 含义是“生产，发生” generate, generation
29) gram, graph, 含义是“书写，记录” telegram, diagram, photograph
30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步，阶段” gradually, degree, progress
31) hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持，住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit
32) her, hes, 含义是“粘附” adhere, cohesion
33) ject, jet, 含义是“抛射” project, inject
34) jour, 含义是“日，一天” journal(日记), journey, adjourn(延期)
35) jug, junct, 含义是“结合，连合” conjunction, junction(连合)
36) labour, labor, 含义是“劳动，工作” labourer, elaborate, collaborate
37) lect, leg, lig, 含义是“挑选，采集” collect, select, lecture
38) lif, liv, 含义是“生活，生存” life, alive, live
39) loc, 含义是“场所，位置” location, dislocate(脱位)
40) long, leng, ling, 含义是“长的” length, prolong, linger
41) loqu, locut, 含义是“说话” colloquial, eloquent,
42) mand, mend, 含义是“命令” command, demand, recommend
43) man, manu, 含义是“手，手法” manage, manual
44) memor, menber, 含义是“记忆” memory, remember, memorial
45) mind, ment, 含义是“心” mind, remind, mental
46) merc, merch, 含义是“贸易” commerce, merchant
47) meas, mens, meter, metr, 含义是“测量，度量” measure, meter, diameter
48) min, 含义是“小” diminish, minority
49) miss, mit, 含义是“派遣，送” mission, dismiss, transmit, missile
50) mob, mot, mov, 含义是“动” movement, motion, mobile, remove
51) nect, nex, 含义是“捆扎” connect, disconnect, annex(合并)
52) not, 含义是“记号，注意” note, denote, annotation(注释)
53) onom, onym, 含义是“名字” synonym, antonym, anonymous
54) pair, par, 含义是“a)相同，对等b)准备” compare, prepare
55) pel, puls, 含义是“追逐” expel, impel(推进)
56) pend, pens, pond, 含义是“悬挂” depend, independent, expense(支付)
57) phon, 含义是“声音” symphony, telephone, microphone
58) plac, 含义是“位置，场所” place, replace
59) peopl, popul, publ, 含义是“人民，民众” public, republic, popular, people
60) port, 含义是“搬运” export, import, deport(输送)
61) press, 含义是“压，压制” pressure, express, oppress, impression
62) prob, proof, prov, 含义是“实验，验证” prove, approve,
63) quer, quest, quir, quis, 含义是“寻找，探问” inquiry, question, inquisition(调查，追究)
64) rang, rank, 含义是“排列” arrange, rank,
65) rect, right, rig, 含义是“正，直” correct, direct, erect
66) riv, 含义是“河流，流远”，river, arrive, derive
67) rupt, 含义是“破坏，毁坏” eruption, bankrupt, corruption
68) sci, 含义是“认识，知识” science, conscious
69) scrib, script, 含义是“书写，记录” describe, script
70) sens, sent, 含义是“感觉，情感” sensation, sentiment
71) sign, 含义是“标记，符号” signal, signature, design
72) sembl, simil, 含义是“相似，类似” similar, resemble, assimilate(同化)
73) soci, 含义是“结合，社交” social, association
74) spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含义是“看，视” inspect, spectator, conspicuous, respect
75) struct, 含义是“建筑，构造” structure, construct, instruct, destruction
76) tect, teg, 含义是“遮蔽，掩盖” detect, protect
77) temp, tens, 含义是“时间，时机” tense, contemporary, temporal
78) tend, tes, tent, 含义是“倾向, 伸张” tendency, intension, extend, intend
79) test, 含义是“证明，证实” testify, protest, contest(争论)
80) text, 含义是“编织， 构成” textile, texture, context
81) tract, trail, 含义是“拖拉，吸引” attract, tractor, abstract, contract(收缩)
82) tribut, 含义是“给予” contribution, distribute
83) us, ut, 含义是“用，使用” usable, utilize, abuse
84) vac, van, 含义是“空，虚” vacancy, vanity, evacuate(清空)
85) vad, vas, wad, 含义是“走，去” invade, wade, evade(逃避)
86) vers, vert, 含义是“旋转，反转” convert, inversion(倒转)， reverse, divert(使转向)
87) vid, vis, vey, view, 含义是“观看，看见” television, visible, evident, interview, survey
88) viv, vit, 含义是“生，活” vivid, vital, survival,
89) war, ward, 含义是“注意，保护” aware, wary(谨慎)， ward(守护)
90) way, 含义是“路” way, away, subway, always
一、ABOUT
1.动词+about+sth.。about在此表示“论及，谈起，涉及，着手”等意思： arrange about
安排，argue about辩论, ask about询问，bring about带来，chat about闲聊， care
about在意，complain about报怨，go about着手，hear about听说, inquire about打
听,know about了解， quarrel about争论，read about读到, see about负责处 理，set
about开始, speak about谈起, talk about谈论, think about考虑, trouble about担心，
tell about讲述，worry about着急。现举例说明其中一些短语的用法：
She inquired about my brother. 她向我打听有关我兄弟的情况。
I must set about my packing. 我必须开始收拾行装。
What are you chatting about? 你们在聊什么呢？
2. be +形容词+about+sth.。about在此意思是“为…，对…”，接表原因的词： be
anxious about为…着急, be bad about对…感到不舒服，be busy about忙于…, be
careful about小心…, be certain about对…有把握, be concerned about关 心…, be
crazy about为…发狂，be excited about为…感到激动, be happy about为…而高
兴, be
mad about为…发疯，be nervous about对…感到紧张, be particular about挑 剔…, be
pleased about为…兴奋，be strict about对…严格，be thoughtful about对…考 虑周到
的，be uneasy about为…感受到不安。请看例句：
What have you been busy about today? 今天在忙些什么？
You are certainly very thoughtful about others. 你为别人想得太周到了。
I’m strict about such things. 对这些事我是很严格的。
注：come about发生，get about（疾病、谣言）流行，turn about转身，leave
about到处
乱放，lie about随便堆放，put about打扰;传播，put oneself about使…发愁。 这些词组
中about作副词，此时about不能接宾语。
二、AFTER
1.动词+ after。介词after有“追赶，问候，效仿”之意：ask after问候, be after寻
求, do(sth.)after学着做，go after设法得到, inquire after问候, look after 寻找,
run after追求, seek after追逐, take after长得像。例如：
Every afternoon he called to ask after his girl friend. 他每天下午都打电 话问候他
的女朋友。
The boy takes after his father. 这男孩长得像他父亲。
The dogs went after the wounded deer. 一群狗在追赶那只受伤的鹿。
2.after构成的其它短语。after在不同的短语中意思各异： after a little/moment/while
过了一会，after all毕竟,after dark天黑以后，after one’s heart合…的心, after
school放学后， after service售后服务，after the fashion勉强， day after day日复
一日，one after another一个接一个，year after year年复一年。例如：
Don’t be too strict with him. After all he is still a child. 不要太苛刻
了，毕竟
他还是个孩子。
He can speak and write English after a fashion. 他多少会说和写一点英语， 但不太
好。
三、AT
1.动词+ at。at表示“指向某一目标，到达某地”：arrive at抵达, call at访问 某地,
catch at(it)当场抓住, come at攻击, fire at向…开火, glance at瞟一眼, glare at怒
目而视, grieve at忧伤，knock at敲, laugh at嘲笑, look at看一眼, pull at拉
扯,
rejoice at对…高兴，smile at向某人微笑, shoot at朝…射击, stare at怒目而 视,
thrust at刺向, tear at撕, tremble at颤抖，wonder at吃惊，work at工作。例 如：
Don’t let me catch you again at it.不要再让我当场逮住你。
We must “shoot the arrow at the target”. 我们必须有的放矢。
They trembled at the sight of the peasant’s spears. 看到农民的梭标，他们 阵阵发
抖。
2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at。其中at表示“情绪、情感的原因，或对某物具有某
种感
情”：be angry at恼怒于, be alarmed at对…保持警觉, be astonished at对… 吃惊,
be bad at不擅长, be clever at对某事很灵巧, be delighted at高兴，be disgusted at
厌恶, be disappointed at对…失望，be good at擅长, be impatient at对…不够 耐心,
be mad at狂热于, be pleased at对…感到高兴, be
present at出席, be satisfied at满意, be surprised at吃惊, be shocked at 对…非常
震惊，be terrified at受到…的恐吓, be quick at对…很机敏。例如：
They were overjoyed at his return to work. 他们对他重返工作感到欣喜。
They are alarmed at the growth of the liberation movement in the
colonies. 他们
对殖民地日益壮大的解放运动警觉起来。
3.at+名词构成的词组：at a distance在一定距离，at a loss不知所措，at a time一次，
at all一点也不，at any cost不惜一切代价，at best最好也只是，at first起 初，at
hand手头，at heart在内心里，at home在家；无拘束，at last最后，at least至
少，at
most最多，at once马上，at present目前，at sea不知所措，at times有时，at
will任意
地，at work起作用，at worst最坏。
4.其它含有at的短语：work hard at勤奋工作，drop in at顺路拜访。
四、FOR
1.动词+for
a)动词+for。for表原因、目的：account for解释；说明, answer for对…负责, apply
for申请；请求, apologize for为…而道歉, beg for请求, call for要求, care for在
意, enter for报名参加, fight for为…而战, hope for希望, inquire for查询； 求见,
leave for离开某地到另一地, look for寻找, long for盼望, mistake for误认 为, plan
for计划做某事, prepare for为…作准备, provide for 为…提供, reach for伸手 去拿,
run for竞选, stand for象征, search for搜寻, send for派人去请, speak for陈 述意
见、愿望, take for当作, wish for希望, wait for等待。例如：
His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席。
The baby reached for the apple but couldn’t reach it. 那婴儿伸手去苹果， 但够不
着。
He who would search for pearls must dive below. 要想找到珍珠，必须潜到海 底。
b)动词+sb.+ for +sth.。for表示原因或目的：ask for要求得到, blame for因… 责备,
excuse for宽恕, forgive for谅解, pardon for原谅, pay for花钱买, praise for称赞,
punish for对…进行惩罚, push for催逼，reward for酬谢, thank for对…表示谢
意。例
如：
Please excuse me for my being late. 请原谅我的迟到。
Forgive me for my keeping you waiting. 请见谅，让你久等了。
2. be +形容词+for。for表作用、目的、对人或物有某种情绪等：be anxious for 急于做,
be eager for渴望, be bad for有害于, be convenient for便于, be good for利 于, be
famous for以…出名, be fit for适合于, be grateful for对…心存感激, be impatient
for对…不耐烦, be late for迟到, be necessary for有必要, be ready for作好 准备,
be sorry for为…而后悔, be responsible for对…负责, be suitable for适合 于, be
unfit for不适合, be useful for对…有作用。例如：
He is eager for success. 他渴望成功。
The government is responsible for the nation’s welfare. 政府负责民众的福 利。
3.for+名词构成的词组：for all尽管，for a song非常便宜地，for certain确切 地，for
company陪着，for ever永远，for example例如，for fear以免，for fair肯定 地，for
free免费，for fun为了好玩，for good永远，for instance比方，for luck祝福， for
life终身，for long长久，for nothing白白地，for once有生第一次，for oneself替自
己，for pleasure为了消遣，for reason因为…理由，for sale供出售，for shame 真不害
臊，for short简称，for sport好玩，for sure确切地。
4.动词+副词/名词+for构成的短语：be in for将遇到，make up for弥补，go in for 从
事，l o ok out for提防，take sth. for granted把…当作理所当然, have an ear for音
感好, have a gift for有某方面的天赋。
五、FROM
1.动词+from
a)动词+ from。from表示“来源、原因、起始”等：come from来自, date from追
溯,
depart from违背, die from死于, escape from逃出, fall from自…跌落, hang from垂
挂, hear from收到来信, learn from向某人学习, return from自某地返回，rise from
自…冒出, result from起因于, suffer from忍受。例如：
All the characters in the book are drawn from real life. 书中所有的人物都 来自于
真实的生活。
Any damage resulting from negligence must be paid for by the borrower. 因 疏忽引
起的任何损坏都应由借用者负责赔偿。
He has recovered from his surprise. 他好不容易回过神来。
b)动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place。from表示“来源、免于”等： borrow
from向…借, choose from选自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做, prevent from不准
做, protect from不受…之害, receive from收到, remove from移动；除去, save from保
全；拯救, separate from分离开来, stop from阻止。例如：
He was excused from attendance at the lecture. 他获准可不去听课。
Stop the child from spoiling the book. 不要让孩子弄坏了书。
2. be +形容词+ from。此时from含义众多：be absent from缺席, be different from与众
不同, be far from更不用说, be hidden from躲避, be made from用…制成, be tired
from因…而疲倦。例如：
The boy can’t walk and is far from running.那男孩不会走路，更不用说跑 了。
3.from…to…。本短语表示从一种状态到另一状态的变化或从…到…：from bad
to worse
每况愈下，from beginning to end自始至终，from cover to cover从头到尾， from
China to Peru到处，from day to day一天一天地，from door to door挨家挨户， from
end to end从头至尾，from first to last自始至终，from hand to mouth勉强糊 口，
from head to foot从头到脚，from mouth to mouth广泛流传，from sun to sun从
日出到
日落，from start to finish从头开始，from top to toe从头到脚，from time to time不
时地，from top to bottom彻底地。
六、IN
1.动词+in
a)动词+ in。in在短语中的含义异常丰富：believe in信任, break in碎成， bring in引
起；产生；带来, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收获, hand in上缴, involve in
涉及, lie in在于, result in导致, share in共享, succeed in成功, take in卷 起；订
阅, turn in归还当局。例如：
He was so short of money that he had to call in the loans that he had made. 他很
缺乏资金，不得不收回所有的款子。
Your failure lies in your laziness. 你失败的原因在于懒惰。
Orders are given to take in sail.已发布收帆的命令。
b)动词+sb./time/money+ in。介词in后接（doing）sth.：help sb. in帮助某人做
某事,
spare time/money in匀出时间或钱做某事, spend time/money in花时间或钱做某
事,
waste time/money in浪费时间或钱做某事。例如：
She offered to help him in the housekeeping when I am not here. 她提出， 我不在家
时她可以帮助他料理家务。
2. be +形容词+ in。in表示“在某些方面或穿着”：be active in活跃于, be absorbed
in专心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于, be concerned in牵涉, be clothed in
穿着, be disappointed in对…失望, be diligent in勤于, be experienced in
在…有经
验, be employed in任职于, be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的专家, be
excellent in在…优秀, be interested in对…有兴趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in
富有, be slow in迟缓, be successful in在某方面成功, be skilled in精于, be
strict in严于, be weak in弱于。例如：
She was completely absorbed in her own affairs. 她完全专注于自己的事 务。
More than one person has been concerned in this. 不只一人牵涉到这件事。
3. in +名词。 in表示“处于某种状态或在某些方面”等意思：in advance提 前,in all总
共，in balance总而言之，in bed卧床，in body亲自，in brief简明扼要，in case万一,
in charge主管，in danger有危险, in debt负债, in despair失望,in force大量 地；有
效，in full全部地, in flower开花,in general一般说来, in itself本身, in love恋
爱, in order井然有序, in person亲自, in public公开地, in progress有进展, in
practice从实践上看, in rags穿着破衣, in research探索, in return作为报 答,in ruins
一片废墟, in short总之,in theory从理论上看, in trouble有麻烦, in tears眼 泪汪汪,
in time及时, in turn按顺序, in vain白白地，in view看得见。
注意下列几个词组中的in为副词：check in到达登记，cut in插嘴，count in包
括, draw
in时间接近, drop in顺路拜访, give in屈服, pour in源源而来。
七、OF
1.动词+of
a)动词+of。of意为“有关，由于”： beg of(sb.)请求某人,complain of抱怨， consist
of由…构成, die of死于, dream of梦想, hear of听说, know of了解, speak of 谈及,
tell of讲到, think of想起, talk of论及。例如：
Never has one of them complained of all the trouble we give. 从来没有人抱 怨我们
带来这么多麻烦。
Carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen. 二氧化碳由碳、氧两种元素组 成。
b)动词+sb.+of+sth.。其中of有“剥夺，有关”之意：accuse of控告（谴责，非
难）某
人, cheat of骗走, deprive of剥夺, inFORM of汇报, rob of抢走, remind of提 醒,
warn of警告。例如：
He has cheated me of my poverty. 他骗走了我的财产。
They are deprived of their rights as citizens. 他们的公民权都被剥夺 了。
c)动词+sth.+ of +sb.。介词of表动宾关系，后接动作的宾语sb.：request of请求
(某人做
某事),equire of要求得到。例如：
All I request of you is that you should come here early. 我唯一的请求就是 希望你
早点来。
You have done all the law requires of you. 你做的这一切都是法律对你的要 求。
2. be +形容词+ of。of后接表对象或目标的词，这类短语有很多：be aware of觉
察, be
ashamed of以…为耻, be afraid of担心, be bare of没有, be careful of小心, be
clear of还清债务, be certain of确信, be composed of由…构成, be envious of嫉妒,
be forgetful of健忘, be fond of喜欢, be free of免于；摆脱, be full of充 满, be
guilty of认罪, be hopeful of抱有希望, be inFORMed of汇报, be impatient of 对…无
耐心, be jealous of嫉妒, be made of用…制成, be mindful of留意, be proud of以…
为骄傲, be sick of烦于, be short of缺乏, be sure of确信, be tired of困 于, be
worthy of值得。
3.of+名词构成的词组：of age成年, of choice精选的，of course当然, of late 最近，
of name有名的，of oneself自动地，of purpose有意地，of use有用，of value有
价值
的。
八、ON
1.动词+on
a)动词+ on。介词on表示“凭借，产生某结果，接通”等意思：act on对…有作
用, bring
on促使；导致, call on拜访某人, count on依赖, carry on执行, depend on取 决, feed
on以…为生, figure on料想；推断, go on继续, have on穿着, insist on坚持, keep on
继续, lean on依赖, live on以…为生, pull on迅速穿上, put on穿上, switch on接通
（电源）, take to喜欢；养成；轻易学会，turn on接通（电源）, work on操作,
wait on
侍候。例如：
This kind of medicine acts on the heart. 这种药对心脏有好处。
The fine weather brings on the crops nicely. 好天气促使庄稼长势良好。
We count on you to help. 我们有赖你的帮助。
b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)。on的意思是“以…，对…，在某方面”： base on以…
为基础, congratulate on恭贺, fix on固定, have mercy on怜悯, have pity on 怜惜,
keep watch on监视, spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。例如：
Theory should be based on practice. 理论联系实际。
Congratulate on your success in the competition. 恭喜你竞赛获得成功。
2.be+形容词+on的词组：be dependent on依赖, be hard on对某人苛刻, be impressed on
对…印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on对…严格。例如：
We can’t just be dependent on our parents. 我们不能只依赖父母。
He is keen on going abroad. 他渴望出国。
3.on+名词构成的词组：on表示处于某种状态或在某个方位：on board乘（车,飞
机）, on
call听候召唤, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire着火, on foot步行，on guard在
岗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假，on leave休假，on one’s knees跪下, on one’s
way在…的路上,on purpose故意, on sale待售，on shore在岸上, on time准时, on the
move行动, on the other hand另一方面, on the spot当场, on the tip of one’ s
tongue快要说出口, on top of在…的顶部，on watch值班。
九、TO
1.动词+to
a)动词+ to。介词to意为“达到，指向”等：adjust to适应, attend to处理；照 料,
agree to赞同, amount to加起来达…，belong to属于, come to达到, drink to 为…干
杯，get to到达, happen to发生在某人身上, hold to紧握, lead to通向, listen to听,
occur to想起, object to反对, point to指向, respond to回答, refer to参考； 指的
是…；涉及, reply to回答, see to负责, stick to坚持, turn to求助, write to 给某人
写信。例如：
She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必须学会适应英国的生 活。
Business has to be attended to. 有事要办。
An idea occurred to me. 我想出一个办法。
b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.。下列动词不能直接带间接宾语sb.，要接间接宾语时须在动
词后加
介词to：announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解 释,
express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to告
知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议, speak to与某人交谈, talk to跟某
人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。例如：
She suggested to me one or two suitable people for the committee. 她跟我 向委员会
推举了一两个合适的人选。
c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.。此时介词to可译成“到，于，给”等意思：add to 增
加, compare to比作, carry to运送至, devote to致力于, introduce to介绍给, invite
to邀请参加, join to连接到, leave to委托给, reduce to下降至, sentence to判 处,
take to带到。例如：
Please add a piece of candy to coffee. 请给咖啡加块糖。
Poets like to compare life to stage. 诗人喜欢把人生比作舞台。
2. be +形容词/过去分词+ to。to的意思是“对…”：be alive to觉察；晓得, be
attentive to注意；留心, be awake to知晓, be blind to缺乏眼光, be close to 紧挨
着, be common to对某人来说很普通, be contrary to违反；反对, be devoted to 致力,
be deaf to不愿意听, be equal to有…的力量, be exposed to暴露；遭受, be fair to
对…公平, be familiar to对某人来说熟悉, be grateful to对某人心存感激, be good to
对…有好处, be harmful to对…有危害, be important to 对…重要, be kind to 友好对
待, be known to周知于, be married to嫁给, be moved to转移到, be near to靠 近, be
necessary to对…有必要, be opposite to在对面, be opposed to反对, be pleasant to
合某人之意, be proper to专属, be polite to礼貌待人, be rude to粗暴对待, be
relative to与…有关, be strange to不习惯, be similar to类似, be suitable to适
合, be true to忠实, be thankful to感激, be useful to对…有用, be used to 习惯。例
如：
Are you alive to what is going on? 你注意到发生什么事了吗？
The old man was not equal to the situation. 那老人不能应付这种情况。
His house is opposite to mine. 他的房子在我的房子对面。
3.to+名词构成的词组有：to a degree在某种程度上, to date到现在为止, to one’s
feet跳起来，to one’s mind照…看来, to one’s surprise使…吃惊, to one’ s taste
符合胃口, to oneself独自享用, to order定做, to the letter不折不扣地, to the
point中肯地。
十、WITH
1.动词+ with
a)动词+ with。with接对象或目标，意思为“与…，从…”：agree with同意；适
应,
begin with从…开始, continue with继续, do with应付, deal with对付, fight with
与…作战, fool with愚弄, hurry with忙于, mix with与…混合在一起, meet with偶遇,
play with把玩, quarrel with与某人争吵, reason with与某人评理, settle with 与人协
商。例如：
Let’s begin our class with an English song. 我们以一首英语歌开讲。
I meant to reason with you, but you won’t reason. 我本要与你理论理论，但 你不愿
意。
b)动词+ sth./sb. + with + sth./sb.。介词with意为“以，用”：compare with 与…比
较, combine with与…混合, equip with以…装备, feed with用…喂养, furnish with
用…装饰, provide with提供, replace with以…替代, supply with供给。例 如：
Education must be combined with productive labour.教育应与生产力相结 合。
They replaced slave labour with machines. 他们用机器代替奴工。
2. be +形容词/过去分词+ with。介词with表示情绪的原因、凭借等意思：be angry with
恼怒, be annoyed with使烦恼, be busy with忙于, be bored with使烦心, be burdened
with担负, be crowded with拥挤着, be connected with与…联系, be covered with覆盖
着, be concerned with关心, be content with对…满意, be disappointed with 失望于,
be delighted with对…感到高兴, be engaged with忙碌于, be exhausted with由 于…而
极度疲倦, be filled with充满, be familiar with熟悉, be friendly with对… 友好,
be occupied with忙碌, be overcome with极为, be popular with受…欢迎, be patient
with对…有耐心, be pleased with 对…高兴, be satisfied with满意于, be strict
with对…严格, be wrong with有毛病, be wild with因…而欣喜。例如：
He was much annoyed with his son’s behavior. 他对儿子的行为相当恼火。
I’m fully occupied with my daily work. 我忙碌于日常事务。
When he caught sight of her, he was overcome with despair. 看到她，他非常 失
望。
3.动词+副词/介词短语+with构成的词组: catch up with赶上, do away with废 除,fall
in love with爱上, get together with与…联欢,keep in touch with保持联系， keep up
with赶上。
成语
一、成语的对称美：表现为成语排列形式上的对称美，可分为相同词的对称、同词*的对称、反义词的对称、同类词的对称等几种情况。
1、相同词的对称。以介词、连词或动词为"对称轴"对称，从视觉上就能给人以美的享受，令人愉悦；读起来琅琅上口，颇具韵味；意义简洁明了，形象生动。其中有关体态语言的一些对称成语，确实能让人领会到对称美在英语中的体现。
例如：
day by day 逐日
day after day 每日
one by one 逐个
bit by bit 一点点地
little by little 渐渐地
step by step 逐步地
by and by 逐渐
side by side 并排
face (nose) to face (nose) 面对面
back to back 背靠背
hand in hand 手拉手
arm in arm 挽手
mouth to mouth嘴对嘴
heart to heart 交心，谈心
neck and neck 并驾齐驱
eye to eye 赞同
head to head 交头接耳
shoulder to shoulder 并肩
on and on 继续
word for word 逐词地
out and out 十足的
inch by inch 一点一点地
like for like 以牙还牙
like attracts like 物以类聚
wheels within wheels 复杂的结构
diamond cut diamond 棋逢对手
2. 同词*的对称。以连词and 为"对称轴"的非完全对称，以形容词*词组居多。通过两个或多个形容词的重叠来强化形容词的特征。例如：
one and only 独一无二
down and out 穷困潦倒
free and easy 随和
hard and fast 不能改变的
open and above board 光明磊落
simple and easy 简易明了
hot and bothered激动，担忧
cheer and bright 清楚明了
bright and early 一大早
pure and simple 十足
3.反义词的对称。一对反义词以连词and或or为"对称轴"，可以是名词的对称，也可以是副词或动词的对称。如有个活动不论刮风下雨都要照常进行，在汉语中?quot;风雨无阻"，在
英语中为rain or shine ，二者可谓有异曲同工之妙。例如：
up and down 往返
to and fro 来来回回
back and forth 前前后后
far and forth 到处，远处
far and near 注意事项
dos and don'ts 执政党与在野党
ins and outs 复杂细节,拐角道路或小径的弯曲之处
ups and downs 盛衰，浮沉
on and off 或多或少
more or less 迟早
sooner or less 高低贵贱
young and old 老老少少
day and night 日日夜夜
the haves and have-nots穷富
early and late 早晚
rain or shine 不管境遇如何，风雨无阻
right or wrong 不管对错
hit or miss 不论成功与否
4.同类词的对称。同类别或相关的一对名词以为and"对称轴"，表示同一概念，有的为本义，有的是寓义。比方说美国人吃水果时喜欢把水果切成块，然后加上一点奶油一起吃，所以在英语中peaches and cream 就意味着完美无缺。例如：
flesh and blood 血肉
hand and foot 手脚一起
heart and soul 全心全意
tooth and nail 竭尽全力
father and son 父子
husband and wife 夫妻
knife and fork 刀叉
smoke and mirrors 用虚假消息骗人
scissors and paste 拼凑成的文章，剪贴
peaches and cream 完美无缺
rank and fashion 上流社会
二、韵语的对称美：英语的对称美不仅表现为成语排列的对称美，还表现为韵语的对称美。韵语的对称分为首韵对称和尾韵对称两种形式，它们以连词and或or为"对称轴"，构成语音重叠的成语。
1、首韵对称。首韵法是英语中的一种修饰手法，是首字母或辅音的重复，通过语音的重叠与的来强化语用效果。例如：
fair or foul 好坏
friend or foe 敌友
forgive and forget 既住不咎
live and learn 活到老学到老,学无止境
health and wealth 健康与财富
safe and sound 平安无事，安然无恙
sweet and sour 酸甜，苦乐
thick and thin 在任何情况下
black and blue 遍体鳞伤
now or never 勿失良机，机不可失
then and there 当场，当时
cut and carve 使精炼，改动，乱砍
bed and board 食宿，夫妇关系，家
sink or swim 听任沉浮，不论好歹
wild and woolly 粗野的，未开化的
do or die 决一死战
neck or nothing 铤而走险，拼命
make or mar 成功或失败
part and parcel 重要的部分
wreck and ruin 毁灭
twists and turns 迂回曲折
bread and butter 基本生活所需，生计
2. 尾韵对称。通过押尾韵的方法使短语犹如诗一般悦耳动听。例如：
near and dear 极亲密的
cut and thurst 肉搏战
by hook or by crook 千方百计
fair and square 光明磊落
high and dry 困境
make or break 孤注一掷
tear and wear 磨损
gentle and simple 贵与贱
dine and wine 吃喝
mend or end 不改则废
here and there 四处
first and last 整体看来，总的来说
odds and ends 零碎的事情，零星的东西
pins and needles 发麻
三、谚语和俗语的对称美：对仗工整，词句，押韵，语言精炼，表意透切的谚语或俗语更具有说服力和感染力，可使人念念不忘，受用终生。例如：
No pains no gains 不劳不获
No cross , no crown 无苦即无乐
Once bit ,twice shy 一次被咬，下次胆小
First come , first served 先到的先招待
Young saints , old devils 小时圣洁老邪恶
Man proposes , God disposes 谋事在人，成事在天
From saving comes having 富有来自节俭。
So far , so good 目前为止，一切很好
Like father , like son 有其父，必有其子
Well fed , well bred 吃得饱，懂礼貌
Grasp all , lose all 贪多必失。
Spare the rod , and spoil the child 不教不成材。
More haste ,less speed 欲速则不达。
In for a penny , in for a pound 一不做，二不休
Waste not , want not 俭以防匮。
A friend in need is a friend indeed .患难见真情。
Harm set , harm get .害人反害已
A lazy youth , a lousy age .少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲
Least said , soonest mended .少说为妙
Light come , light go .易得则易失。
A good neighbor ,a good morrow 好邻生好景
Many men ,many minds .十个人，十条心。熟得早，坏（烂）得快。
No mill , no meal 不磨面，没饭吃
Nothing venture ,nothing have .不入虎穴，焉得虎子
Two's company , three's none . 两人成伴，三人不欢
Out of sight , out of mind .眼不见，心不烦
Speech is silver , silence is gold .言语是银，沉默是金
英语中常用的比喻词组
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as bald as a coot 头发脱光的（像黑鹅一样秃） as blind as a bat 有眼无珠（像蝙蝠一样瞎） as blind as an owl 瞎透了（像猫头鹰一样瞎）
as bold as brass 厚颜无耻（像黄铜一样厚脸皮的） as busy as a bee
as clear as a bell
as clear as day
as cool as a cucumber
as easy as a pie
as fussy as a hen with one chick
as hard as the nether millstone
as hungry as a hunter
as lively as a cricket
as mad as a wet hen
as mild as a dove
as plain as the nose in your face
as poor as a church mouse
as proud as a peacock
as strong as a horse
as stupid as an owl
as thin as a wafer
as true as steel
极忙碌（像蜜蜂一样忙碌） 健全的（像铃铛一样健全） 一清二楚的（像白天一样清楚） 极为冷静的（像黄瓜一样冷静） 极容易（像馅饼一样容易） 在小事上瞎操心 铁石心肠(像下层的磨石坚硬） 非常饥饿（像猎人一样饥饿） 极活泼（像蟋蟀一样活泼） 非常生气（像弄湿的母鸡一样生气） 非常温和（像鸽子一样温和） 一清二楚（像你脸上的鼻子一样清楚） 赤贫的（像教堂的老鼠一样穷） 极骄傲（骄傲得像只孔雀） 健壮如牛 极愚蠢（像猫头鹰一样愚蠢） 极薄（像糯米纸一样薄） 绝对可靠（像钢一样可靠）
Toefl听力词汇精选 infirmary n.医务室
clinic n.医务室
health center n.医务室
be released from hospital/check out of the hospital seminar n.高级课程
demonstration n.示范教学
faculty orientation n.导向课 Scotch tape n透明胶带
poster n.贴在学生宿舍墙上的壁画 notebook
notecard
proofread v.校正,校对
recreation room n.娱乐室
registrar n.注册老师
furnace n.暖气
section n.小班,版面
racket n.球拍
rug n.地毯
recital n.独奏会,独唱会
trunks n.游泳裤衩
student council/students government/students association n.学生会
refreshment---->food
by mail:through the mail--->write
get somewhere/come a long way/make progress be up to sth:I'm not up to that.(那事我做不了) trip: n.考察,实习 v.绊倒
put on: 1)put on weight
2)put on make up
3)put sb on
pick up: 1)接 pick sb up at the station
2)买 pick up some meat at the market
3)养成 Where did you pick up that bad habit?
4)学 pick up English
5)好转
6)加速 pick up speed
fix: fix on breakfast
grades: 成绩
cost a fortune/make a fortune/come into a fortune have a fortune on one's side.(福星高照) stuff: green stuff,grocery stuff
do one's stuff:发挥...的本领
know one's stuff:懂行,内行
that's the stuff:没错
wind up:end up with,finish up,arrive at
cut it out:stop it
beat around the bush:拐弯抹角
hold the grudge:记恨
bite off more than one can chew.
表示开夜车的词组
stay up late/be up late/day in and day out/around the clock/burn the midnigh t oil
表示忙的词组
be up to one's neck in work
get my hands full
表示替代的词组
fill in for sb/fill sb's shoes
表示提前的词组
in advance/be ahead of time/before hand
表示冷静的词组
cool off/calm down/settle/soothe/pacify
表示内向的词组
keep one's opinions/ideas to oneself
self-conscious,shy,keep to oneself,unsociable,uncommunicative,withdrawn 表示看法的词组
think much(little/high) of
have no use for/have no taste for
It makes me uncomfortable to
表示同意的词组
You can say that again.
You may well say so
You said it.
Well said.
I will say
So be it.
I see eye to eye with you.
And how.(降调)
Right on.
By all means.
Go ahead.
I don't wonder.
No/little wonder.
So does it.
As far as I know.(单独使用)
No problem.
You are telling me.
Is ice cold?
Does a fish swim?
Does a bird fly?
I'm behind you.
I'm with you.
I'm for it.
表示不同意的词组
You don't say so.
So you say.
Says who.
Who says so?
That's not saying very much.
And I do?
Are you kidding?
表示无法理解的词组
beyond reach/imagination
above me
over my head
表示快的词组
in (next to) no time,before long,on short notice,by and by,in a little while ,in a second/minute/little bit,any time,soon,quickly,immediately,shortly 表示耀眼的词组
noticeable/eye-catching/catch one's eyes/attract one's attention/arresting/e minent/easy to notice/marked
表示拜访的词组
drop by/in/over/around,stop by/in/over,run in,come over to,come by,call on,s tep in,go to have a look,pay a visit
表示完成的词组
wrap up
be through with
be done with
get sth out of the way
put an end to sth
be finished
表示降价的词组
half price/50% off/half off
discount/on sale/a big sale/good bargain
表示累的词组
out of steam/worn out/run down/tired out/dog-tired
I'm beat.
I'm pooped.
表示我请客的词组
Let me treat me.
It's my treat.
It's on me.
I'll foot/pay the bill.
I want to pick up the pad.
表示钱平分的词组
go Dutch
split the expense
咖啡场景
instant coffee,gourmet coffee
aroma,flavor
coffee pot,coffee spoon,coffee set,coffee service
snack
coffee-break
like to drink->how(milk,sugar,cream,blank,coffee,micro oven)
戒咖啡:caffeme:I am off caffeme.
程渤【?
beach: swimming,suntan,lie there doing nothing,play sand volleyball 男生寝室脏
dirty,in a mass,messy,chaos,chaotic,mess up,make a mess of,vacuum cleaner 天气场景
usually cool summer,cold,wool sweater,coat,down jacket
keep up,continue
hot,scorcher
downpour,snow,no end in sight,clear up
That makes it four days in a row.
体育场景
jog
jogging-shoes/running-shoes/gym-shoes/sneakers(运动鞋)
tennis/swimming/cycling/swimming/roller-skating/aerobes/rock climbing/bungin g jump
网球:hard court/clay court/grass court
serve(发球)
减肥场景
put on some weight/gain some weight/lose some weight
physical fit/keep fit/stay in shape/keep in shape/get into shape
fitness center
表不好:in poor/terrible shape,in poor physical condition,out of sorts,not in shape for gymnastic
out of shape,under the weather,come down with sth,down with a bug,not look o neself
表好的:look great,feel so energetic,in good shape,fit as a fiddle,in the pin k
表康复的:be on the mend
音乐会场景
pianist,soloist,conductor(director)
philharmonic(交响乐团),band
out of the world,fantastic,terrific
receive standing ovation.
museum and art gallery场景
exhibit,exhibition,sculpture,carving,fresco,oil-painting,water-color paintin g,art work
student's discount rate(学生优惠价)
节目场景
intermission n.幕间休息
program n.节目单
stage setting n.舞台布景
house light n.舞台灯光
props n.道具
leading part n.主角
supporting part n.配角
失物认领场景
lost and found:ticket counter,reception desk
turn in/claim
作业论文场景
project n.作业
assignment n.作业
paper n.作业
essay n.论文
thesis n.学术论文
dissertation n.博士论文
lab report n.实验报告
term paper n.学期报告
presentation n.发言
broad->narrow down the topic->onto sth->get professor's approval/permission/ signature
物价上涨场景
物价年年涨,学生要抱怨,抱怨没有用.
University cost
tuition
fee
room and board n.食宿费
rent and utilities n.租费,水电费
fare
meal price
go up/rise/increase/raise/double
complain/groan/grumble/protest
It won't make any difference.
It doesn't do any good.
It's of no use.
选课场景
prerequisite
optional courses
selecitve courses
elective courses
1.who/where(office)/when(beginning of semester)
2.why(purpose,signature,approval)
3.course
4.worry,concern
1)too much
2)too difficult
3)not ready
5.what next
噪音情景
I can't even think/hear myself think/concentrate/do my research/study/read The noise is driving me mad/out of my mind/up the wall/nuts/crazy source:usually from roommate,neighbour,traffic,construction
生病场景
a sore throat/a fever/a running nose/chills
take some pills
take some shots
take it easy(休息一下)
理发场景
hairdresser's,barbershop(男士)
beauty parlor/salon
cut top,over the ear's,trim,blow the hair,have a perm,bangs
住宿情景
第一年 dormitry
第二年 move off the campus stay put(不搬)
最关心的:location--commute(经常往返的路程)
常用单词:rent and utilities/(price)reasonable/tenant/landlord/one-bedroom de partment/studio/closet/parking space/furnish the apartment/
经常出现的问题:shutters loose/faucet leaking/sink clogged
新生熟悉情况场景
托福写作——锻造地道英语句子
1. The artist's work pushes our civilization to a higher level.
改进：Artists' work upgrades our civilization.
2. For example, you work in a big factory.
改进: Suppose you work in a big factory.
3. You'll find you are fit for business and you can make it your main job.
改进：You'll find that you are cut out for business and you can make it your career.
4. We will own nothing at all if we depend on luck.
改进: We will get nowhere if we rely on luck.
5. He will get a higher salary to improve his living level.
改进: He will get a higher salary, thus improving his life.
6. Their brain is still very young.
改进: They are still immature.
7. Dissatisfaction makes people produce desire for better things.
改进: Dissatisfaction impels people for the better.
8. They can't analyze clearly what is right and what is wrong.
改进: They cannot tell right from wrong.
9. It will help children to form a good habit of dealing with time.
改进: It will help children learn to make good use of time.
10. Though it is not the best job, it afford to his life.
改进: Though it is not the best job, a job is a job. He can make ends meet with it.
11. Since people are always not satisfied with their present situation, they want further development.
改进: Since people are never satisfied with their status quo, they want further development.
12. The only thing they need to do is to find a job which can easily get big money.
改进: The only thing they need to do is to find a job that can bring them big money.
13. They like an active life but not a peaceful life.
改进: They like an active life rather than a peaceful one.
14. Some cigarettes may even cost a larger sum of money.
改进: Some cigarettes may cost even more.
15. Firstly, dissatisfaction encourages the discovery of new products.
改进: Firstly, dissatisfaction encourages the invention of new products.
16. In order to suit the needs of entering into work, students must grasp some technical skills. 改进: In order to meet the needs of future work, students must learn some practical skills.
17. It is very necessary more qualified scientists and technicians.
改进: Qualified scientists and technicians are in great demand.
18. This knowledge will become a part of your body.
改进: This knowledge will become part of you.
19. They cannot think clearly.
改进: They cannot think straight.
20. Money can improve their living standard.
改进: Money can improve their life.
21. Parents always think that children will get a good job and earn a lot of money.
改进: Parents always expect their children to get a good job and earn a lot of money.
22. If a student only cares about money, will lead to be unhappy all his life.
改进: If a student only cares about money, he will be misled and will be unhappy all his life.
23. One purpose of education is to study the way in which he studies later.
改进: One purpose of education is to learn to learn.
24. Many parents arrange their children go to learn piano.
改进: Many parents send their children to piano classes.
25. When I want to absorb somebody else's opinion, I will study with others.
改进: When I need second opinion, I will study with others.
26. Eating outside has the most advantage that we can go at any time when we finish eating without doing any washing.
改进: The best part of eating out is that we can leave everything behind after meal.
27. Smoking can help you relax your mind.
改进: Cigarettes can help you relax.
28. What's about nonsmokers?
改进: What about nonsmokers?
29. Why not to be a non-smoker?
改进: Why not be a non-smoker?
30. Everyone will have many friends in his life.
改进: Everyone has friends in his life.
31. I am not good at maths, but English
改进: I am good not at mathematics but at English/ My strength is not mathematics but English.
32. Who is the proper person to make up his minds about children's leisure time?
改进: Who is the proper person to plan children's leisure time?
33.It is children who clear about their interests.
改进: It is children who are clear about their own interests.
34. I agree the latter idea.
改进: I agree with the latter idea.
35. Many people dissatisfy with the status quo.
改进: Many people are dissatisfied with the status quo.
36. So I feel breathe more comfortably now.
改进: So I feel more comfortable now when I breathe.
37. People should learn knowledge no matter how old they are.
改进：People should learn no matter how old they are/ People are never too old to learn.
38. No one knows all the things.
改进: No one knows everything.
39. I want to live in a quiet place to admire peaceful life.
改进: I want to live in a quiet place to enjoy peaceful life.
40. Each form of having friends has its advantages
改进: Each way of choosing friends has its advantages.
41. I was admitted to a key university for which few dared to sign up.
改进: I was admitted to a key university to which few dared to apply
42. Luckily, he recognized an American professor.
改进: Luckily, he knew an American professor.
43. They will learn the bad habits.
改进: They will develop bad habits.
44. In this continued process, people make progress.
改进: In this cycle, people make progress.
45. Lastly, higher education is equal to higher salary.
改进: Lastly, higher education means higher salary.
46. By making friends who are different from ourselves, we can make up for deficiency.
改进: By making friends who are different from ourselves, we can make up for our shortcomings.
47. A wrong decision will bring even worse fact.
改进: A wrong decision will bring even worse result.
48. You spend all your life to fulfill your willing.
改进: You devote all your life to the fulfillment of your dream.
49. Children should be taught disciplines in order to avoid unnecessary lost.
改进: Children should be taught discipline in order to avoid unnecessary loss.
50. I felt alone.
改进: I felt lonely.
托福写作——锻造地道英语句子
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