Remarks President Obama at Millennium Development Goals Summit
United Nations Headquarters, New York
September 22, 2010
美国总统奥巴马在联合国千年发展目标峰会上的讲话
20xx年9月22日
纽约联合国总部
Good afternoon. Mr. Secretary General, fellow delegates, ladies and gentlemen.
下午好。秘书长先生，各位代表，女士们，先生们。
In the Charter of this United Nations, our countries pledged to work for “the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples.” In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, we recognized the inherent dignity and rights of every individual, including the right to a decent standard of living. And a decade ago, at the dawn of a new millennium, we set concrete goals to free our fellow men, women and children from the injustice of extreme poverty.
根据《联合国宪章》，我们各国承诺努力“促成全球人民经济及社会之进展”。《世界人权宣言》表明，我们承认每一个人固有的尊严和权利，包括有权享受安定无虞的生活水平。十年前，在新的千年曙光初露之际，我们制定了具体目标，要求为我们的同胞、妇女和儿童消除极端贫困的不公正现象。
These are the standards that we set. And today, we must ask: Are we living up to our mutual responsibilities? 这些是我们已经制定的标准。今天，我们必须扪心自问：我们是否尽到了我们共同的责任？
I suspect that some in wealthier countries may ask, with our economies struggling, so many people out of work, and so many families barely getting by, why a summit on development? And the answer is simple. In our global economy, progress in even the poorest countries can advance the prosperity and security of people far beyond their borders, including my fellow Americans.
我猜想，我们的经济在艰难挣扎，有这么多人失业，这么多家庭勉强度日，When a child dies from a preventable disease, it shocks all of our consciences. When a girl is deprived of an education or her mother is denied equal rights, it undermines the prosperity of their nation. When a young entrepreneur can't start a new business, it stymies the creation of new jobs and markets in that entrepreneur's country, but also in our own. When millions of fathers cannot provide for their families, it feeds the despair that can fuel instability and violent extremism. When a disease goes unchecked, it can endanger the health of millions around the world.
一名儿童如果因患可预防性疾病而夭折，我们所有人的良心都会受到震撼。一位女孩如果被剥夺了接受教育的权利，或她的母亲被剥夺了平等的权利，她们国家的繁荣就会受到破坏。一位年轻的企业家如果无法开创新业务，开拓新的就业机会和市场的前景就会遇到困难，不仅影响到这个企业家的国家，而且也影响到我们自己的国家。无以数计的父亲如果不能满足家庭的温饱，绝望情绪就会蔓延，为不稳定和暴力极端主义推波助澜。一种疾病如果得不到防治，全世界各地千百万人的健康就会面临危险。
So let's put to rest the old myth that development is mere charity that does not serve our interests. And let's reject the cynicism that says certain countries are condemned to perpetual poverty, for the past half century has witnessed more gains in human development than at any time in history. A disease that had ravaged the generations, smallpox, was eradicated. Health care has reached the far corners of the world, saving the lives of millions. From Latin America to Africa to Asia, developing nations have transformed into leaders in the global economy.
很早就有人说发展仅属于慈善施与，无关我们自身的利益。我们应该说，此言可以休矣。还有人不负责任地说某些国家命中注定长期贫穷。我们也应该说，此话大谬不然，因为在过去这半个世纪，人类发展取得的成果比历史上任何时期都多。肆扰多少代人的天花已被根除。卫生保健服务遍及全世界最遥远的各个角落，挽救了千百万人的生命。从拉丁美洲、非洲到亚洲，发展中国家已经上升为全球经济的主导
力量。
Nor can anyone deny the progress that has been made toward achieving certain Millennium Development Goals. The doors of education have been opened to tens of millions of children, boys and girls. New cases of HIV/AIDS and malaria and tuberculosis are down. Access to clean drinking water is up. Around the world, hundreds of millions of people have been lifted from extreme poverty. That is all for the good, and it's a testimony to the extraordinary work that's been done both within countries and by the international community. 同样，任何人也不能否认千年发展目标某些方面取得的进展。教育的大门已向千百万儿童、男孩和女孩开放。艾滋病毒/艾滋病、疟疾和肺结核的新病例也有所下降。清洁饮用水的供应得到增加。环顾世界，亿万人民摆脱了极端贫困。这一切都大有裨益，见证了各国国内和国际社会付出的非凡努力。
Yet we must also face the fact that progress towards other goals that were set has not come nearly fast enough. Not for the hundreds of thousands of women who lose their lives every year simply giving birth. Not for the millions of children who die from agony of malnutrition. Not for the nearly one billion people who endure the misery of chronic hunger.
然而，我们也必须正视现实，因为对于其他各项目标，进展的速度仍然不够快。例如，每年有成千上万的妇女仅仅因为分娩而失去生命。数百万儿童因遭受营养不良的苦难而夭折。还有10亿人口忍受长期饥饿的煎熬。
This is the reality we must face - that if the international community just keeps doing the same things the same way, we may make some modest progress here and there, but we will miss many development goals. That is the truth. With 10 years down and just five years before our development targets come due, we must do better.
这是我们必须正视的现实 - 如果国际社会只满足于按部就班，墨守成规，我们也许可以零星地取得微薄的进展，但将错过许多发展目标。这是实际情况。10年已经过去，距实现发展目标规定的期限只剩下短短的五年，我们必须做得更好。
in this country. It is hard work. But I know progress is possible.
我知道，推动各社区和各国实现更美好的未来并不容易。在我一生中就曾经看到这一点。我从我母亲身上看到，从印度尼西亚到巴基斯坦，她尽力让农村贫困人口摆脱贫困。我在芝加哥的街道上看到同样的情况，我曾作为一个社区组织者试图推动这个国家欠发达的社区进行建设。这是艰苦的工作。但我知道进步是可能的。
As President, I have made it clear that the United States will do our part. My national security strategy recognizes development not only as a moral imperative, but a strategic and economic imperative. Secretary of State Clinton is leading a review to strengthen and better coordinate our diplomacy and our development efforts. We've reengaged with multilateral development institutions. And we are rebuilding the United States Agency for International Development as the world's premier development agency. In short, we're making sure that the United States will be a global leader in international development in the 21st century.
作为总统，我已经明确表示，美国将承担我们应负的责任，我的国家安全战略承认，发展不仅是道义上的当务之急，而且是战略和经济的当务之急。为了加强并更好地协调我国的外交和发展事务，国务卿克林顿正在主持相关的审议工作。我们已经重新参与多边发展机构的工作。我们还在重组美国国际开发署，把该机构打造成全世界最优秀的发展事务机构。简言之，我们正在努力确保美国成为引领全球21世纪国际发展事务的国家。
We also recognize, though, that the old ways will not suffice. That's why in Ghana last year I called for a new approach to development that unleashes transformational change and allows more people to take control of their own destiny. After all, no country wants to be dependent on another. No proud leader in this room wants to ask for aid. No family wants to be beholden to the assistance of others.
我们也认识到，以前的一些模式已不足以解决问题。正是出于这个原因，去年我在加纳呼吁对发展事务
采取新的方针，从而促进变革，让更多的人们主宰自己的命运。归根结底，没有一个国家愿意依靠他国。在座任何一位有志气的领导人都不希望要求得到援助。也没有一个家庭甘愿依靠他人的帮助。
To pursue this vision, my administration conducted a comprehensive review of America's development programs. We listened to leaders in government, NGOs and civil society, the private sector and philanthropy, Congress and our many international partners.
为了实现这个设想，本届政府对美国的发展项目进行了一次综合审议，我们听取了政府、非政府组织、公民社会、民营部门和慈善事业、国会和我们的许多国际伙伴的领导人的意见。
And today, I'm announcing our new U. S. Global Development Policy - the first of its kind by an American administration. It's rooted in America's enduring commitment to the dignity and potential of every human being. And it outlines our new approach and the new thinking that will guide our overall development efforts, including the plan that I promised last year and that my administration has delivered to pursue the Millennium Development Goals. Put simply, the United States is changing the way we do business.
今天，我宣布新的美国全球发展政策 - 在历届美国政府中，这是第一次。全球发展政策植根于美国对于每一个人的尊严和潜力的永恒承诺，概括了指导我国整体发展事务的新方针和新思维，包括我去年为实现千年发展目标承诺的计划和本届政府已经实施的行动。简单来说，美国正在改变我们的工作方针。 First, we're changing how we define development. For too long, we've measured our efforts by the dollars we spent and the food and medicines that we delivered. But aid alone is not development. Development is helping nations to actually develop - moving from poverty to prosperity. And we need more than just aid to unleash that change. We need to harness all the tools at our disposal - from our diplomacy to our trade policies to our investment policies.
首先，我们正在变更我们对于发展的定义。长久以来，我们往往以我们为提供粮食和药品花费的美元为尺度衡量我们的工作，但是援助本身并不等于发展，发展的意义是帮助受援国真正得到发展–从贫困走向繁荣。我们需要运用我们能够采用的一切方法–诸如我们
are saved lives in the short term, but it hasn't always improved those societies over the long term. Consider the millions of people who have relied on food assistance for decades. That's not development, that's dependence, and it's a cycle we need to break. Instead of just managing poverty, we have to offer nations and peoples a path out of poverty.
第二，我们正在改变看待发展最终目标的方式。我们以援助为重点的方式确实在短期内拯救了生命，但从长期来看往往不足以促进社会的改善。数十年来有数以百万计的人依靠粮食援助。那不是发展，而是依靠。我们必须打破这样的循环，我们必须为有关国家和人民提供摆脱贫困的途径，而不是只考虑贫穷本身的问题。
Now, let me be clear, the United States of America has been, and will remain, the global leader in providing assistance. We will not abandon those who depend on us for life-saving help - whether it's food or medicine. We will keep our promises and honor our commitments.
在此，我郑重声明，在提供援助方面，美国历来站在全球的最前列，并将继续站在全球的最前列。我们不会忽视那些依靠我们提供救生援助的国家–无论是粮食还是药品。我们将恪守诺言，履行我们的承诺。 In fact, my administration has increased assistance to the least developed countries. We're working with partners to finally eradicate polio. We're building on the good efforts of my predecessor to continue to increase funds to fight HIV/AIDS, increasing those funds to record levels - and that includes strengthening our commitment to the Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria. And we will lead in times of crisis, as we've done since the earthquake in Haiti and the floods in Pakistan.
事实上，本届政府已经增加了对最不发达国家的援助。我们正在与伙伴方共同努力，争取最终根除小儿麻痹症。我们正以我的前任进行的良好工作为基础，继续增加抗击艾滋病病毒/艾滋病的资金，用于该项目的资金已经提高到前所未有的水平–其中包括加强我国对全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金的承诺。
正如我们自海地发生地震和巴基斯坦发生洪灾以来所做的那样，我们将继续在危机时刻发挥主导作用。 But the purpose of development - what's needed most right now - is creating the conditions where assistance is no longer needed. So we will seek partners who want to build their own capacity to provide for their people. We will seek development that is sustainable.
但发展的目的 - 目前最迫切需要的 - 是为今后不再需要援助创造条件。因此，我们将寻求一些想要建设自身能力从而为本国人民提供生计的合作伙伴。我们将寻求一种可持续的发展。
And building in part on the lessons of the Millennium Challenge Corporation, which has helped countries like El Salvador build rural roads and raise the incomes of its people, we will invest in the capacity of countries that are proving their commitment to development.
在借鉴“世纪挑战帐户集团”的经验后，我们将对那些证明确实致力于发展事业的国家实行提高其能力的投资。这个集团已协助萨尔瓦多等国在农村地区建造道路并增加国内人民的收入。
Remembering the lessons of the Green Revolution, we're expanding scientific collaboration with other countries and investing in game-changing science and technology to help spark historic leaps in development.
我们谨记从“绿色革命”中汲取的经验教训，正在扩大与其他国家的科技合作，投资于创新性的科学与技术，以便在发展过程中激发具有历史意义的飞跃。
For example, instead of just treating HIV/AIDS, we've invested in pioneering research to finally develop a way to help millions of women actually prevent themselves from being infected in the first place.
例如，我们不只要对艾滋病病毒/艾滋病进行治疗，还要投资于开创性的科学研究，目的在于最终找到一种有助于使千百万妇女确实能首先做到预防艾滋病感染的方法。
Instead of simply handing out food, our food security initiative is helping countries like Guatemala and Rwanda and Bangladesh develop their agriculture and improve crop yields and help farmers get their products to market. 我们的粮食保障计划不采取简单地分发粮食的做法，而是要帮助危地马拉、卢旺达和孟加拉国等国发展
build and help developing countries embrace the clean energy technologies they need to adapt to climate change and pursue low-carbon growth.
我们的“全球健康行动计划”不采取简单地运送药品的做法，而是帮助马里与尼泊尔等国家建立更健全的卫生系统、提供更好的医疗保健服务。通过金融与技术上的援助，我们将帮助发展中国家采用它们需要的清洁能源技术来适应气候变化并实现低碳发展。
In other words, we're making it clear that we will partner with countries that are willing to take the lead. Because the days when your development was dictated by foreign capitals must come to an end.
换句话说，我们清楚地表明：我们将与那些愿意发挥主导作用的国家实行伙伴合作。因为由外国资本决定你们发展的日子现在到了必然结束的时候了。
This brings me to a third pillar of our new approach. To unleash transformational change, we're putting a new emphasis on the most powerful force the world has ever known for eradicating poverty and creating opportunity. It's the force that turned South Korea from a recipient of aid to a donor of aid. It's the force that has raised living standards from Brazil to India. And it's the force that has allowed emerging African countries like Ethiopia and Malawi and Mozambique to defy the odds and make real progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals, even as some of their neighbors - like Cote d'Ivoire - have lagged.
我接下来要谈谈我们新方针的第三大支柱。为了实行转型性变革，我们正在重新强调全世界致力于消除贫困与创造机会的有史以来最强大的一股力量。正是这股力量把韩国从受援国转变为捐助国。正是这股力量提高了从巴西到印度等国的生活水平。正是这股力量使埃塞俄比亚、马拉维和莫桑比克等新兴的非洲国家战胜重重困难，在实现“千年发展目标”方面取得了真正的进步。而恰恰在同一时期，科特迪瓦等一些邻国却掉了队。
The force I'm speaking about is broad-based economic growth. Now, every nation will pursue its own path to
prosperity. But decades of experience tell us there are certain ingredients upon which sustainable growth and lasting development depends.
我所讲的这股力量是基础广泛的经济发展。虽然每个国家都将走自己的繁荣发展的道路，但数十年来的经验告诉我们，可持续增长与持久的发展取决于一些特定要素。
We know that countries are more likely to prosper when they encourage entrepreneurship; when they invest in their infrastructure; when they expand trade and welcome investment. So we will partner with countries like Sierra Leone to create business environments that are attractive to investment, that don't scare it away. We'll work to break down barriers to regional trade and urge nations to open their markets to developing countries. We will keep pushing for a Doha Round that is ambitious and balanced - one that works not just for major emerging economies, but for all economies.
我们知道，当一些国家提倡创业精神、投资于基础设施、扩大贸易并欢迎投资时，这些国家就更有可能实现繁荣发展。因此，我们将与塞拉利昂等国实行伙伴合作以便创造吸引投资而不是吓退投资的商业环境。我们将致力于打破地区贸易的壁垒，敦促各国向发展中国家开放自己的市场。我们将继续推动多哈回合做到目标远大、兼顾各方 - 使它不仅有利于主要新兴经济体，而且有利于所有经济体。
We also know that countries are more likely to prosper when governments are accountable to their people. So we are leading a global effort to combat corruption, which in many places is the single greatest barrier to prosperity, and which is a profound violation of human rights. That's why we now require oil, gas and mining companies that raise capital in the United States to disclose all payments they make to foreign governments. And it's why I urged the G20 to put corruption on its agenda and make it harder for corrupt officials to steal from their own people and stifle their nation's development.
我们也知道，当政府对人民负责时，国家更有可能繁荣发展。因此，我们正在领导一场打击腐败的全球性努力，腐败在许多地方都是实现繁荣的最大障碍，也是对人权的深重违反。因此我们现在要求在美国集资的石油、这也是为什么我敦促20国集团把反
and democracy; the rule of law and equal administration of justice; transparent institutions with strong civil societies; and respect for human rights. Because over the long run, democracy and economic growth go hand in hand.
美国将着重促进坦桑尼亚等国的发展，这些国家提倡良好治理和民主；提倡法治与司法平等；提倡强大公民社会下的透明机制；并提倡尊重人权。因为从长远来看，民主发展和经济增长将会携手并进。
We will reach out to countries making transitions from authoritarianism to democracy, and from war to peace. The people of Liberia, for example, show that even after years of war, great progress can be achieved. And as others show the courage to put war behind them - including, we hope, in Sudan - the United States will stand with those who seek to build and sustain peace.
对于从专制转向民主，以及从战争迈向和平的国家，我们将会伸出援手。以利比里亚人民为例，他们证明了即使经过长年战乱，仍有可能做出长足的进步。至于其他有勇气走出战争的国家──我们希望其中包括苏丹──美国会与那些寻求建立及维持和平的国家站在一起。
We also know that countries are more likely to prosper when they tap the talents of all their people. And that's why we're investing in the health, education and rights of women, and working to empower the next generation of women entrepreneurs and leaders. Because when mothers and daughters have access to opportunity, that's when economies grow, that's when governance improves.
我们也知道，善于发挥全体人民的聪明才智的国家更有可能繁荣发展。因此，我们正在投资促进妇女的健康、教育和权利，并致力于增进新一代女性创业家和领导人的权益。因为当母亲们和女儿们能够抓住机会时，经济就会增长，政府也会改善。
And it's why we're partnering with young people, who in many developing countries are more than half the population. We're expanding educational exchanges, like the one that brought my father here to America from
Kenya. And we're helping young entrepreneurs succeed in a global economy.
这就是为什么我们和青年合作，青年在许多发展中国家占到总人口的一半以上。我们正在扩大教育交流，包括让我父亲从肯尼亚来到美国的这类计划在内。我们正在协助青年创业家在全球经济中取得成功。 And as the final pillar of our new approach, we will insist on more responsibility - from ourselves and from others. We insist on mutual accountability.
我们新方针的最后一个支柱是，我们坚持要求自己和他人都承担起更多的责任。我们坚持相互问责。 For our part, we'll work with Congress to better match our investments with the priorities of our partner countries. Guided by the evidence, we will invest in programs that work; we'll end those that don't. We need to be big-hearted but also hard-headed in our approach to development.
就美国而言，我们会与国会合作，使我们的投资与合作国的优先项目更加契合。在事实的指导下，我们会投资于有成效的计划，并终止无成效的计划。我们在推行发展方针时，必须充满热情而又头脑冷静。 To my fellow donor nations: Let's honor our respective commitments. Let's resolve to put an end to hollow promises that are not kept. Let's commit to the same transparency that we expect from others. Let's move beyond the old, narrow debate over how much money we're spending, and instead let's focus on results - whether we're actually making improvements in people's lives.
对于捐助国伙伴们：让我们履行各自的承诺。让我们决心终止无法实现的空洞诺言。让我们保证以期望他人达到的同样的透明度来要求自己。让我们拋开提供了多少资金的老一套的狭隘争执，而是着重于实效──我们是否给民众生活带来了实际的改善。
Now, to developing countries, this must be your moment of responsibility as well. We want you to prosper and succeed - it is not only in your interest, it is in our interests. We want to help you realize your aspirations as a nation and the individuals in each of your countries.
对于发展中国家，这也是你们承担责任的时刻。我们希望你们繁荣昌盛，这不只对你们有利，对我们也
and well-being of your people. Only you can deliver your nations to a more prosperous and just future. We can be partners, but ultimately you have to take the lead.
但是，你们的领导作用是不可替代的。唯有你们和你们的人民才能做出释放国家活力的重大抉择。唯有你们才能为改善国内人民的健康和福祉作出可持续的投资。唯有你们才能使国家迈向更繁荣、公正的未来。我们可以是合作伙伴，但最终将由你们来引领。
Finally, let me say this. No one nation can do everything everywhere and still do it well. To meet our goals, we must be more selective and focus our efforts where we have the best partners and where we can have the greatest impact. And just as this work cannot be done by any one government, it can't be the work of governments alone. In fact, foundations and private sector and NGOs are making historic commitments that have redefined what's possible.
最后，我应该说，没有一个国家能在任何地方做任何事情，同时还能做到尽善尽美。为了实现我们的目标，我们必须更注意有所选择，努力的重点应该是我们拥有最佳合作伙伴以及我们能取得最大效果的问题。这项使命并非任何一个国家的政府都能单独完成，单靠各国政府的努力也无法如愿以偿。事实上，有关基金会和民营部门及非政府组织正在作出历史性的承诺，重新明确了哪些是可以做到的。
And this gives us the opportunity to forge a new division of labor for development in the 21st century. It's a division of labor where, instead of so much duplication and inefficiency, governments and multilaterals and NGOs are all working together. We each do the piece that we do best - as we're doing, for example, in support of Ghana's food security plan, which will help more farmers get more goods to market and earn more money to support their families.
这为我们创造了机会，为21世纪的发展事务开创新的分工模式。按照这样的分工，不会再出现如此众多的重复和低效率现象，各国政府和多边机制及非政府组织正在共同努力。我们各自承担自己最擅长的部
分，例如我们正在支持加纳的食品安全保障计划，帮助更多的农民将更多的产品投入市场，使他们获得更多的收入维持家庭的生计。
So that's the progress that's possible. Together, we can collaborate in ways unimaginable just a few years ago. Together, we can realize the future that none of us can achieve alone. Together, we can deliver historic leaps in development. We can do this. But only if we move forward with the seriousness and sense of common purpose that this moment demands.
所以，在这方面有可能取得进展。我们共同努力，就能够以几年前不可想象的方式相互合作。我们共同努力，就能够实现我们不可能单独实现的未来。我们共同努力，就能够促使发展事务取得前所未有的飞跃。我们能够做到这些。然而，我们必须按照这个时代提出的要求，脚踏实地，同心同德向前迈进。 Development that offers a path out of poverty for that child who deserves better. Development that builds the capacity of countries to deliver the health care and education that their people need. Development that unleashes broader prosperity and builds the next generation of entrepreneurs and emerging economies. Development rooted in shared responsibility, mutual accountability and, most of all, concrete results that pull communities and countries from poverty to prosperity.
发展提供了摆脱贫困的途径，使儿童得到他们应有的更好的生活。发展可以促进国家的能力建设，为本国人民提供需要的医疗服务和教育。发展能够带来更广泛的繁荣，培养下一代企业家和新兴经济体。发展的基础在于共同的义务、共同的责任，更重要的是能为各社区和各国摆脱贫困、走向繁荣取得切实的成果。
These are the elements of America's new approach. This is the work that we can do together. And this can be our plan - not simply for meeting our Millennium Development Goals, but for exceeding them, and then sustaining them for generations to come.
这些正是美国新方针的组成部分。这是我们能够共同努力的领域。这也成为我们的规划 - 不仅为了实现