2016考研英语句子分析(五）下

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(23) Making a buck is becoming progressively。more challenging for brick-and-mortar retailers. Nearly two decades after Amazon.com and others began to chop away at the underpinnings of the traditional retailing business model, the pervasiveness of smartphones, the emergence of the digitally empowered consumer, and the prospect of one-day delivery make the future of physical retailing seem ever more tenuous.

词汇突破：Makea buck 挣钱

Progressively 越来越

Challenging 挑战性

brick-and-mortar retailers 实体零售商

chop away at 削弱;动摇

underpinning （理论）基础

pervasiveness 遍布，普及

empower 获得?能力

physical retailing 实体销售

tenuous 脆弱;

句子解析：1. Makinga buck is becoming progressively more challenging for brick-and-mortarretailers.

对于实体店而言，赚钱变得越来越困难

2. Nearly two decades afterAmazon.com and others began to chop away at the underpinnings of thetraditional retailing business model, the pervasiveness of smartphones, theemergence of the digitally empowered consumer, and the prospect of one-daydelivery make the future of physical retailing seem ever more tenuous.

句子主干： A, B and C make D seemever more tenuous. A= thepervasiveness of smart phones,

B= theemergence of the digitally empowered consumer C= theprospect of one-day delivery

其他成分：Nearly twodecades after Amazon.com and others began to chop away at the underpinnings ofthe traditional retailing business model,时间状语

参考译文：二十多前，亚马逊以及其他公司就开始削弱传统零售商业模式的理论基础，智能手机无处不在，消费者拥有了数字技术的能力，快递业可以当日送达，这些都使得实体销售的前景似乎更加岌岌可危。

(24) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can

expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

主干识别：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world.

其他成分：to produce a unique millennium technology calendar 状语

that gives the latest dates 状语中名词calendar的定语从句 when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.前面定语中latest dates 的定语从句 （通常when之前出现时间名词就是定语从句；有同学疑惑害怕误判定语从句和状语从句，其实不用担心，在考研英语中这两种从句总是要切开独立成句的。主要别切错就好！）

翻译点拨：词汇的处理：

Pearson 皮尔森(人名音译)

pieced together 汇集；综合

around the world 世界各地，全世界

produce 编制

a unique millennium technology calendar 一个独特的技术千年历 the latest dates 最近日期

key breakthroughs 重大突破，关键性突破

定语从句的处理：可以后置单独成句，也可以翻译为前置定语； a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest

dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

编制了一个独特的千年技术日历，这个日历给出了我们有望看到的数百个重大突破和发现能发生的最近日期。

参考译文：皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的技术千年历，编制了一个独特的千年技术日历，这个日历给出了我们有望看到的数百个重大突破和发现能发生的最近日期。

(25) Howard D. Schultz, the chief executive of Starbucks, said in a letter to employees on Sunday that baristas would no longer be encouraged to write the phrase “Race Together” on customers’ coffee cups, drawing to a close a widely derided component of the company’s plan to promote a discussion on racial issues.

词汇突破：1. Baristas 咖啡师（不是要你一定背，混个脸熟，这个词其实就是星巴克用的多，星巴克里面穿黑围裙的那个，需要一步步升级到这个 位置的。）

（200考研就出现过 Manicurists 美甲师）

2. drawing to a close :快结束了

Drawing to a close sth?sth快结束了?

3. deride 指责，嘲笑 derided 受到指责的?

4. racial 种族

句子解析：Howard D. Schultz, the chief executive of Starbucks, said in a letter to employees on Sunday that baristas would no longer be encouraged to write the phrase “Race Together” on customers’ coffee cups, /drawing to a close a widely derided component of the company’s plan to promote a discussion on racial issues.

看到我切得这一刀了，切完以后前半部分语序非常符合中文的语序，基本不用分析了，后一部分你也不用去管是什么成分，（状语）独立 成句就好了。

难点解析： drawing to a close a widely derided component/ of the company’s plan to promote a discussion on racial issues. 这一刀切下去之后就为翻译留下了足够的空间。

Drawing 的主语就是前面的整个句子。

公司计划促进种族问题的讨论，而这个计划中广受嘲笑的部分就快结束了。

参考译文： 星巴克首席执行官霍华德?D?舒尔茨周日在一封致员工的信中说道，不再鼓励咖啡师在客人的咖啡杯上写“种族共处”(Race Together) 口号。星巴克计划促进种族问题的讨论，而这个计划中广受嘲笑的部分就快结束了。

Some critics said that Starbucks might look first to its own

executive team, which they suggested was considerably less diverse than lower-paid staff. Others felt that a coffee company should not foist such discussions on customers. (这里是两句话)

词汇突破:1. Foist 强迫接受，强加于

2. diverse 多样的

3. staff 员工

4. executive team 高管团队

5. critics 批评者

句子解析：Some critics said that Starbucks might look first to its own executive team, /which they suggested was considerably less diverse than lower-paid staff.

这句话的难点在于which they suggested was considerably less diverse than lower-paid staff.

还原一下：

Which= executive team

They= Critics

Critics suggested executive team was considerably less diverse than lower-paid staff.（这样就好理解了吧。）

参考译文：一些批评人士说，星巴克或许应该先看一下它自己的高管团队。他们提出，该公司高管团队中的多元性，远低于薪水较低的那些员工。

（背景补充：星巴克的高官基本都是白人，店员倒是黑白都有。怪不得别人质疑你。）

Others felt that a coffee company should not foist such discussions on customers.

参考译文：其他人则感觉，一家咖啡店不应该把这种讨论强加给顾客。

第二篇：20xx考研英语 11年完型(下)

考研交流学习群【198233974】 这篇文章主要讨论大笑和人身体健康的关系，颠覆我们平常的观念。以下是本文中出现的10个高频重点单词，就让我们一起来学习吧！

1.14 indicate ['?nd?ke?t]

adj. 表明，指示，暗示

【词根记忆】：in(进入)+dic(说)+ate(动词后缀)→心理说→暗示

【真题例句】：Studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. 二十世纪30年代的研究表明：大笑可以放松肌肉。笑声消失后，人的肌肉减缓可达到45分钟之久。

2. 42stress [stres]

n. 压力，强调，紧张

v. 强调，重视，重读

【同义词记忆】：名词： pressure / significance / intensity / heat / tension 动词：emphasize或者place emphasis on

【真题例句】：Such bodily reaction might conceivably help moderate the effects of psychological stress. 可以想象，类似的生理反应可以帮助减缓身心压力带来的不良影响。

3. 8 partially ['pɑ??(?)l?]

ad. 部分地，偏袒地

【词根记忆】：part(部分)+ ial(形容词)+ly(副词后缀)→部分地，偏袒地

【短语搭配】：be partial to 对?偏爱

中公考研

考研交流学习群【198233974】 【真题例句】：the act of laughing probably does produce other types of physical feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state.大笑可能会产生其他身体反应，以提高个人的情绪状态。

4. 33 argue ['ɑ?gju?]

v.争论，提出理由，说服

【同义词记忆】：debate，dispute

【短语搭配】：argue with和?争吵

argue about议论某事

argue for赞成;支持

【真题例句】：It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry because they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. 19世纪末有一种争论，人并不是因为悲伤而痛哭，而是当眼泪开始流下时，人才变得悲伤。

5. 36 experiment [?k'sper?m(?)nt; ek-]

n./v. 实验

【词根记忆】：ex(出)+ per(尝试)+ I + ment(名词后缀)→尝试出结果→实验

【短语搭配】：experiment on 对?进行实验;试用

【真题例句】：In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to hold a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a(n) disappointed expression. 德国维尔茨堡大学的社会心理学家公布了一项实验，他要求实验对象用牙齿咬着铅笔或者用嘴衔着，这样实验者就可以表现出类似于笑或者失落的样子。

6. 3 enthusiastically [in,θju:zi'?stik?li]

ad. 热心地，满腔热情地

【真题例句】：Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown?结果被迫锻炼笑肌的实验对象比收缩得如蹙眉的实验对象对滑稽动画反应更加强烈。

7. 10 contract ['k?ntr?kt]

v. 收缩;感染;订约

n. 合同

中公考研

考研交流学习群【198233974】 【词根记忆】：con(共同)+tract(拉)→共同拉(回去)→ 收缩,对大家都有制约→合同

【短语搭配】：contract with承包;与?订有合约

be under contract to sb 已经与?签订合同

【真题例句】：Many people are indignant that Watergate figures are being rewarded with fat book contracts and lecture fees. 水门事件的人物正在得到厚厚的出书合同和演讲费的奖励，很多人对此感到愤愤不平。(2005 Time)

8.4measurable ['me?(?)r?b(?)l]

adj. 可测量的;重要的;重大的

【词根记忆】：measure(测量)+able(形容词后缀)→ 可测量的，重大的

【同义词】：important / crucial / considerable

【真题例句】：But because hard laughter is difficult to sustain, a good laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. 但是大笑很难保持，不能像散步或慢跑那样带来显著成效。

9.8 weaken ['wik?n]

vt. 削弱，动摇

【词根记忆】：weak(虚弱)+en(动词后缀)→削弱，动摇

【短语搭配】：shorten / to cut down

【真题例句】：Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents. 去年，当时任教育大臣的Mitsuo Setoyama 就提出责难，他说二战后美国占领当局引进的自由改革削弱了“日本人尊敬父母的道德观”。(20xx年阅读Text 4)

10. 4 moderate ['m?d(?)r?t]

adj. 稳健的，温和的;适度的

vi.缓和，减弱

【词根记忆】：moder(mod中间)+ate(动词后缀)→处于中间阶段的→适度的

【短语搭配】：moderate climate温和气候

moderate size不大不小

中公考研

考研交流学习群【198233974】 【真题例句】：If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.如果该法律团体的这一合理的目标能够实现，产品上提供的警示信息就不再是为回避法律责任而设，而是为保护消费者利益而提供了。(19xx年阅读Text 1)

中公考研