军事交流基本用语
1. Military Units军事单位
中国人民解放军The People’s Liberation Army
中央军事委员会 Central Military Commission (CMC)
总参谋部 General Staff Department (GSD)
总后勤部 General Logistics Department (GLD)
总政治部 General Political Department (GPD)
总装备部 General Armament Department (GAD)
军委办公厅 General Office of Central Military Commission
解放军纪委 PLA Committee for Disciplinary Inspection
军事科学院 Academy of Military Sciences
军事医学科学院 Military Medical Science Academy of the PLA
总参谋部办公厅 General Office of GSD
总参谋部动员部 Mobilization Department of GSD
总参谋部军事训练部 Military Training Department of GSD
总参谋部通信部 Communication Department of GSD
总参谋部情报部 Intelligence Department of GSD
总参谋部电子对抗部 Electronic Countermeasures Department of GSD
总参谋部装甲兵部 Armored Force Department of GSD
总参谋部防化学部 Chemical Defense Department of GSD
总参谋部工程兵部 Engineering Corps Department of GSD 军区 Military Area
南京军区 Nanjing Military Area
省军区 Provincial Military District 浙江省军区 Zhejiang Provincial Military District
军分区 Military Sub-region 北京卫戍区 Beijing Garrison 上海警备区 Shanghai Garrison 上海海军基地 Shanghai Naval Base
旅顺基地(军级) Lyushun Naval Base
营口水警区 Yingkou Coastal Defense Regions
军区司令部 Military Area Command
空军特种作战司令部 Air Force Special Operations Command 政治部 Political Department 后勤部 Logistics Department 装备部 Equipment Department 北海(东海/南海)舰队The North/East/South Sea fleet
中国人民解放军陆军 PLA Army 中国人民解放军海军 PLA Navy 中国人民解放军空军 PLA Airforce 解放军战略导弹部队（第二炮兵部队） PLA Strategic Missile Force (The 2nd Artillery Force)
中国人民解放军驻港部队 PLA Hong Kong Garrison
人民武装警察部队 People's Armed Police （PAP）
武警总部 PAP Headquarters 武警总队 PAP Corps 武警支队 PAP Division 武警大队 PAP Group 武警中队 PAP Squadron 预备役部队 Reserve Unit 预备役师 Reserve Division 预备役团 Reserve Regiment 民兵连 Militia Company
人防指挥部 Civil Air Defense Headquarters
人民防空办公室 Civil Air Defense Office
人民武装部(人武部) Department of the People's Armed Force
(人武部)军事科 Military Section (人武部)政工科 Political Work Section
(人武部)后勤科 Logistics Section 酒泉卫星发射中心 Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre
2.Brief Introduction of NUDT 国防科技大学概况
1. The school spirit 校风 忠诚,严格,科学,勤奋,文明
Loyalty, Rigor, Science, Diligence, Politeness
2.The school motto校训 厚德博学,强军兴国
Excel in virtue and knowledge; strengthen the armed forces and nation.
3.School badge、emblem校徽 4.Titles 职务 President校长
Commissar of University学校政委 Dean 院长
Commissar of Institute 学院政委 Captain 队长
Political Instructor 教导员 5.Establishment编制 院 College 大队 Group 中队 Team
3. Services and Arms of the PLA军种和兵种
陆军Army 海军Navy 空军Air Force
第二炮兵The Second Artillery Force
步兵Infantry 炮兵Artillery
通信兵Signal Corps 装甲兵Armored Force 工程兵Corps of Engineers 航空兵Aviation
空降兵Airborne Forces 海军陆战队Marine Corps 潜艇部队Submarine Troops 特种部队 Special Troops
4. Ranks in the Chinese Army Forces 中国陆军军衔
上将General
中将Lieutenant General 少将Major General 大校Senior Colonel 上校Colonel
中校Lieutenant Colonel 少校Major 上尉Captain
中尉 First Lieutenant 少尉Second Lieutenant
士官Non-commissioned Officer 一级军士长 Master Sergeant, First Class
二级军士长 Master Sergeant, Second Class
三级军士长 Master Sergeant, Third Class
四级军士长 Master Sergeant, Fourth Class 上士 Staff Sergeant 中士 Sergeant 下士 Corporal 上等兵 Lance Corporal 列兵Private
5.Ranks in the Chinese Navy 中国海军军衔
上将 Admiral 中将 Vice Admiral 少将 Rear Admiral 大校 Senior Captain 上校 Captain 中校 Commander
少校 Lieutenant Commander 上尉 Lieutenant
中尉 Lieutenant, Junior Grade 少尉 Ensign
军士长 Chief Sergeant 上士 Staff Sergeant 中士 Sergeant 下士 Corporal
上等兵 Seaman, First Class 列兵 Seaman, Second Class
6. Ranks in the Chinese Air Force 中国空军军衔
上将 Air Chief Marshal 中将 Air Marshal 少将 Air Vice Marshal 大校 Senior Group Captain 上校 Group Captain 中校 Wing Commander 少校 Squadron Leader 上尉 Flight Lieutenant 中尉 Flying Officer 少尉 Pilot Officer 上士Flight Sergeant 中士 Sergeant 下士Corporal
上等兵Senior Aircraftman 列兵Aircraftman
7. Establishment 编制
集团军 Group Army (GA) 师Division 旅Brigade 团 Regiment 营Battalion 连Company 排Platoon 班 Squad
炮兵师 Artillery Division 步兵师 Infantry Division
机械化步兵师（机步师） Mechanized Infantry Division 山地师 Mountain Division
摩托化步兵师 Motorized Infantry Division
装甲师 Armored Division
重炮团 Heavy Artillery Regiment 装甲炮兵师 Armored Artillery Division
电子对抗团 Electronic Countermeasure Regiment
防空导弹连 Antiaircraft Missile Company
防空高炮旅 Antiaircraft Artillery
Brigade
防空火箭连 Antiaircraft Rocket Company
独立工程兵团 Independent Engineering Regiment 教导团 Training Regiment 教导队 Training Unit
通信团 Communications Regiment 防化连 Chemical Defense Company
空降旅 Airborne Brigade
野战炮兵旅 Field Artillery Brigade 反坦克导弹营 Antitank Missile Battalion
雷达营 Radar Battalion
直升机大队 Helicopter Group 骑兵中队 Cavalry Squadron 修理连 Maintenance Company 自行火炮连 Mobile Artillery Company
装甲侦察连 Armored Reconnaissance Company
侦察连 Reconnaissance Company 驱护舰支队 Destroyer/Frigate Division
驱逐舰支队 Destroyer Division 护卫舰支队 Frigate Division
常规潜艇支队 Conventional Submarine Division
登陆舰支队 Landing Ship Division 快艇支队 Fast Attack Craft Division 扫雷艇支队 Minesweeper Division 核潜艇支队 Nuclear Submarine Division
海军陆战旅 Marine Brigade
(海军航空兵)战斗机师 Fighter Division
(海军航空兵)轰炸机师 Bomber Division
舰载直升机大队 Ship borne Helicopter Group
导弹快艇中队 Missile Boat Squadron
空军军 Air Corps 空军师 Air Division 空军团 Air Regiment
歼击机团 Fighter Regiment 飞行大队(营) Group 飞行中队(连) Squadron
歼击机中队 Fighter Squadron 强击机中队 Attacker Squadron 轰炸机大队 Bomber Group
第二十八集团军 The 28th Group Army
第三步兵师 The 3rd Infantry Division
第一海军陆战旅 The 1st Marine Brigade
独立团 Independent Regiment 导弹旅 Missile Brigade 导弹基地 Missile Base
8341部队 Unit No. 8341; Troop 8341
8连 The 8th Company
化学侦察连 Chemical Reconnaissance Company 突击队 Commando Troop 卫队 Bodyguard
特别行动部队 Special Action Force
特遣部队 Task Force
特务部队 Special Service Corps 特种部队 Special Troop
特种工兵部队 Special Engineer Troop
特种技术部队 Special Technical Unit
特种作战部队 Special Operation Force
8. Post in the PLA职务
中央军委主席The Chairman of the Central Military Commission 军长Army Commander 师长Division Commander 旅长Brigade Commander 团长 Regiment Commander 营长Battalion Commander 连长Company Commander 排长Platoon Leader 班长 Squad Leader 模拟--- simulated—
9. Military Uniform军装
徽章Insignia
帽徽/领章cap/collar insignia 肩章epaulet
硬/软肩章hard/soft epaulet 饰带aiguillette /eigwi’let/ 臂章armband 大檐帽peak hat
贝雷帽beret /’berei/
春秋常服spring/autumn (military service) uniform
夏常服summer (military service) uniform
作训服battle dress uniform 作训帽battle cap 作训鞋battle shoes 作战靴combat boot
体能训练服physical training dress 防弹背心 bullet-proof vest 旗帜，横幅banner 皮带leather belt
武装带Sam browned belt 挎包satchel
10. Weapons and Equipment 武器装备
航空母舰aircraft carrier 战斗机 Fighter
强击机/攻击机 Attacker 轰炸机 Bomber
运输机 Cargo plane 直升机 helicopter 教练机 training plane 步枪 rifle 手枪 pistol
机枪machine gun
冲锋枪 sub-machine gun 信号枪 signal pistol 弹夹
头盔helmet
弹药ammunition 手榴弹hand grenade
榴弹发射器 grenade launcher 加农炮cannon 榴弹炮 howitzer 迫击炮 trench mortar 望远镜field glasses 坦克tank
装甲车armored car 舰艇naval vessels 驱逐舰 destroyer
护卫舰 frigate
登陆舰 landing craft 潜艇 submarine
扫雷舰 mine sweeper 飞机aircraft 地雷 mine
军车 military vehicle
11.Drill口令
起床 Get up. 上操 Attention drill 快点儿 Be quick. 集合 Fall in. 整队 Form up 立正 Attention.
稍息/(还原) (stand) at ease. /as you were.
向右看齐 Eyes right./ Right dress. /Right and face.
向左看齐 Eyes left./Left dress. / Left and face.
向中看齐 Eyes centre./ Centre dress. /Centre and face. 向前看 Front. / Eyes front.
以右（左）翼为基准 Guide right (left).
以中间为基准 Guide centre. 以我为基准 Guide on me. 靠拢 Close. 散开 Extend. 报数 Count off. 重报 Again.
现在点名 Now, let's call the roll.
到 Here 报告 Report .
是，长官 Aye-aye, sir./Yes, sir. 全到 All correct ./All present.
除……外都到了。All present except....
……同学缺席。Student(s)… is (are) absent.
出列Out of rank(s) . 全副武装 Gear up 明白 Roger that 集合点 Rally point 蹲下 Get down
准备开火 Prepare to fire
入列Take your post(s) . 向左（右、后）转Left (right, about) face./Left(right, about) turn .
齐步走Forward, march. / Quick time, march
向前三步走3 steps forward, march.
跑步走Double time, march. /Double march.
便步走At ease, march. /Route step, March.
踏步Mark time, march. /Mark time.
右转弯走Right(left) wheel./ Right (left) flank, march.
向后转走To the rear, march.
成一列（二列）横队集合 On one (two) rank(s), fall in
一二一Left, right ,left /One, two, three, four. 立定 Halt. 解散 Dismissed
点名Call the roll！/Roll call 取（拿）枪Take arms 肩枪Shoulder arms 枪放下Order arms 卧倒Lie down. 装子弹 Load 射击 Fire
退子弹Unload 起立Rise.
防线 Defensive line 撤退点 Extraction point 跟我来 On me 换弹匣 Reload
12. 400m-Obstacle Race & Physical Training四百障和体能训练
障碍 barrier obstacle 软桥 soft bridge 螺旋梯 cockle stairs 高低杠 uneven bars 网墙 cell wall 铁链 iron chain 浮桥 floating bridge
模拟沙滩simulation beach 阻绝墙stop wall 单杠horizontal bar 双杠parallel bars 俯卧撑push-up 仰卧起坐sit-up
越野跑cross-country race 训练场training ground
13.图书馆
门禁系统：Entrance guard system 刷卡：slot、swiping card 校园卡：Campus card 文印中心：Copy centre 新书展示：New book show 书目检索：Retrieve
14.食堂与饮食
碗柜：Cupboard
食指：forefinger、index finger 筷子:：Chopsticks 交叉：Cross 菜：Dish 辣：Hot 酸：Acid 苦：Bitter 咸：Salty
调味料：Sauce
服务员：waiter、waitress 勺子：Spoon
洗碗液(洗涤剂)：Detergent 自助餐厅cafeteria 豆浆soya-bean milk 酱牛肉spiced beef 肉串kabobs 韭菜chives 枣date 虾shrimp 麻辣的spicy
麻婆豆 Mapo bean curd
15.宿舍楼
参观：Look around 文化环境：Civilization environment 板报：Publicity board 宣传：Broadcast
俱乐部：Club 走廊：Corridor
锦旗：Silk banner as an award 军姿：Posture (straight)
问候：Send one’s respect to 杠铃barbell
板报blackboard newspaper 口号slogan 标语poster
自习individual study 自习室study lounge
16. Internal affairs内务
褥子: Mattress 床单: Sheet 储物间: Locker 被子：Quilt
外腰带：External belt 背包：Packsack 绳子：Rope
水壶：kettle、jug、canteen 盖…：Cover
毯子(毛巾被)：Blanket 直角：Right angle 整理：clear up、tidy 摊开：Unfold
整理床铺(铺床)：Make bed 脸盆：Wash basin 抹布：Rag 擦…：Erase
床架：Bed stock 柜子：Cabinet 衣架：Clothes rack 纱窗：Screen window 拖鞋：Slipper 挎包：Satchel 雨衣：Raincoat 胶鞋：Glue shoes 皮鞋：Leather shoes 对齐：Align 旋转：Rotate 插座：Socket 小凳子：Seat 鞋架：Shoe rack 肥皂盒：Soap box 窗帘：Curtain 开关：Switch
检查：check、review
量化考核：Quantification check 评分：Mark
评分标准：Standard for evaluations 养精蓄锐：Conserve strength and store up energy
热水器：Water heater
水龙头：hydrant、faucet 消防栓：Hydrant
睡衣：Pajamas
沐浴露：Bath cream
洗发水：Shampoo
浴巾：Bath towel
熄灯：Lights out
屏风：Screen
部门：Section
骨干：Backbone
You can have a look freely, and then I would like to teach you how to fold up the military quilt.
We have our own standard for the quilt. The quilt must be folded up with each angle right, each line straight, each surface flat and no folds.
Now, I’d like to set an example of the whole folding process.
Use your right/left hand or knee to do it like this.
There is one saying: during the folding process, 30% of the time is used to fold and 70% of the time is used to decorate. So we can see that decoration is very important if we want to fold up the quilt well. Some people may say it is not necessary for a soldier to fold up quilt and it’s a waste of time. But the reason for sticking to the regulation is that folding up quilt will cultivate our patience which is very important in thinking and research in our work and study. The shoes must be placed with all the heels in one line. The clothes must be hung with equal span between each other.
Under the blanket（毯子） we can put anything we want, but the blanket surface must be flat. 17.外军军校名称 慕尼黑联邦国防军大学 白俄罗斯军事学院 澳大利亚国防军学院Australian Defense Force Academy 埃及军事学院Egyptian Military Academy 埃及军事技术学院Egyptian Military Technical College 德国德雷斯顿陆军军官学校Army Officer School Dresden 法国圣西尔军事学院The French Military Academy of Saint-Cyr 印度浦那初级国防学院National Defense Academy of India 日本防卫大学National Defense Academy of Japan 韩国陆军军官学校Korean Military Academy 巴基斯坦军事学院Pakistan Military Academy 新加坡武装部队军事训练学校 Singapore Armed Forces Officer Cadet School 泰国帕尊宗告尉官学校 Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy 土耳其陆军军官学校Turkish Military Academy 英国桑赫斯特皇家军事学院 Royal Military Academy of Sandhurst 美国陆军军官学校（西点军校） United States Military Academy（West Point）