读李世默：中国崛起与“元叙事”的终结有感

到底是资本主义民主制好还是社会主义民主集中制好呢，是不是所有社会的发展都将归结为一个结果呢？我想任何一个政治家都不能给出准确的答案。未来，各个社会制度会如何发展，各个国家会如何发展，是我们无法预知的。

作者以亲身经历讲述了中国发展的两个三十年故事，第一个“元叙事”是这样描述的：所有的人类社会最终都会过渡到共产主义社会。曾几何时，这个“元叙事”征服了全世界三分之一的人，当然中国也不例外。然而，一夕之间，苏联的崩溃导致了该“元叙事”的终结。第二个“元叙事”，即所有的人类社会，都将从传统社会过渡到现代社会。在这一“元叙事”的影响下，很多人都相信实行多党选举制是拯救发展中国家于水火的唯一良药。

这两种“元叙事”都将社会的发展归结为了一个确定的结果，这样的结果真的适合所有国家吗？在20世纪，我们见证了共产主义因极端教条而失败；到21世纪，选举民主制正重蹈同样的覆辙，这一次，中国并没有走上多党选举制。

至此我想说，看看现在的中国，20xx年中国超过美国，成为全球制造业第一大国。目前，在世界500种主要工业品中，中国有220种产品产量位居全球第一位。更不用说，中国早就成为世界第一大服装生产国，第一大纺织品出口国，第一大鞋类出口国，第一大家具出口国，第一大食品生产国。不仅如此，中国还是世界第一互联网大国和世界第一科技人力资源

大国。20xx年中国进出口贸易总额超过了美国，首次成为世界第一大进出口贸易国。20xx年，中国外汇储备高居世界第一位。

相比之下，再看看那些采用选举的发展中国家，迄今为止还在遭受贫困和战火的折磨。政府通过选举上台后，其支持率在几个月内就会跌到50%以下，从此一蹶不振甚至持续走低，直到下一次选举。

当然也有采用多党制的国家走向繁荣，这样的对比并不是想说中国的政治模式好于选举多党制，而是想说良政的模式是多元化的，不可能所有的社会都只有一个归宿，任何一个国家都可以摸索出属于自己国家的政治模式。

第二篇：李世默

The westerners have misguided recognition of the political system of the one-party state in China. However, Shimo Li, a political scholar and doctor of International Relationship and Public Affairs in Stanford University, illustrated the comparison between one-party system of socialism and election system of democracy to modify the misleading concept of one-party system. Basically, the criticisms of western political scholars center on the three misconceptions: one-party state is operationally rigid, politically closed and morally illegitimate. Li pointed out the truth is that China?s political system maintains adaptability, meritocracy and legitimacy.

First of all, one-party system of China has experienced the turmoil of policies for past 64 years, from the radical land collectivization, to Great Leap Forward, then to privatization of farmland, then followed cultural revolution, to the Deng?s Market Reform and to Jiang?s party membership opening to private business people. The wide range of reform in political has demonstrated the adaptability of China?s system while the political reform in China has never stopped.

On the second view, China has a refined way to elect elite people which is known as meritocracy. The Political Organization Department works like a giant human resource engine to provide elite people to the party which like a rotating pyramid consisting of officials? levels ranging from “Keyuan” to “Ju” throughout the city government, the provincial government and the local neighborhood government. Moreover, the few of elite people in the system has the chance to get into the Politburo, which is the highest level office organization of the party. The working mechanism leads to a impartial and rational way to modify one-party state because of the chosen qualified elites possessing ability to guide party. Some doubt that the descendants of former officials known as “princelings” selected from the elite selecting system will mislead the party. On the contrary, the research suggests that

five percent or fewer “princelings” dominate the position in politburo, and in fact, in the politburo of nearly 400 people, which has fewer percentage of ?princelings?, consists of people who are striving through on their own from grounded level. Xi, the chairman of communist party and president of China, is a good example of ?princeling?. Xi?s parents were former governor of China while he still fought his way through 30 years from a village manager to his status now. So the situation will satisfy the proper way to select elite and eliminate the useless princelings.

Thirdly, the legitimacy of one-party system has been proved mushrooming. Surveys showed that over 93 percent of students and about 75 percent of adults are confident about the political and economical future of China. The offspring of the survey also refutes that the query of China?s legitimacy?s dysfunctional. Institutionally, democratic election is not as wise and legitimate as the westerners thought, for Transparency International ranks China about 70 to 80, meanwhile, India, the largest democracy, and other democratic election system countries such as Greece and Argentina are far behind China, while their ranking is dropping every year, and half of election countries called democratic are below rank 100. The rank commits the well-being legitimacy on the opposite view.

After all, however, there still remain so many issues for China, such as pollution, food safety, population issues and corruption. All these problem revealed can?t deny the one-party system because through years, experts believe, China will find a more elaborate mechanism in one-party system to help alleviate these worries.