英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）

最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作

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42 论凯特?肖邦《觉醒》中的女性主义 论《麦田里的守望者》中的佛教禅宗因素 汉语新词及其英译策略研究 The Charm of Female Independence in Jane Eyre 浅析简爱的双重性格 The Analysis of Pearl in The Scarlet Letter 如何增强小学生英语课堂教学的趣味性 影响大学生英语自主学习的因素研究 浅谈数字翻译中的文化因素 英汉称谓语中的文化差异 Gender Difference in Daily English Conversation 浅析中文商标词英译的原则和方法 The Features of Commercial Advertisement English 矛盾的女性意识：从《傲慢与偏见》看简?奥斯汀的婚恋观 伊丽莎白班内特和姚木兰的比较研究 对“细密画”的背叛亦或拯救？——从《我的名字叫红》看文明冲突下的阵痛 关于战争对英语习语的影响的研究 从小说《百万英镑》中看对当今社会的讽刺意义 《鲁滨逊漂流记》中鲁滨逊的资产阶级特征 从卡明斯的L（a 看视觉诗的可译潜势 英语商业广告中幽默的语用分析 Cultural Differences in Business Negotiations: East and West 语结与英语长句的翻译 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中双关语的研究 An Interpretation to The Characters in Nella Larsen’s Novel—Passing 简爱与林黛玉的形象比较分析 主位推进模式在语篇翻译中的应用 中英文商标翻译的问题及其解决方法 论英汉成语翻译 The Self-image of Charles Dickens in David Copperfield 项目教学法在英语写作课中的应用 中西建筑文化差异及其形成背景分析 从电影片名翻译窥探中美文化差异 商务信函的写作原则与技巧 《三国演义》不同译本中回目英译比较研究 The Rose in the “Heights”—An Analysis on Catherine’s Personality in Wuthering Heights 《推销员之死》中主角威利的性格分析 英语语言中的性别歧视 不可缺少的书信——《傲慢与偏见》中书信功能的研究 中美地下电影之比较研究 网络环境下英语专业学生学习策略研究

英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示） 43

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86 英汉思维模式差异的对比研究 英语动结式V+PP的语义整合研究 Black Women's Searching for Identity in Toni Morrison's Sula Puritanism in The Scarlet Letter An Interpretation of Initiation Theme in Heart of Darkness 文化全球化语境下中英婚姻习俗的对比研究 论商务名片英译——以功能对等为指导 生与死的抗争——《厄舍古厦的倒塌》主题解读 从女性主义视角看幽默翻译 英语中的汉语借词 从接受美学视角看旅游广告的翻译 《老人与海》和《白鲸》的生态意识对比 论尤金奥尼尔后期独幕剧《休伊》中的荒诞主题 八十年代以来汉语中英语外来语及翻译 论汉英翻译中基本颜色词的不同情感 (英语系经贸英语)中华老字号品牌的传承与创新研究 马斯洛需求理论视角下《嘉莉妹妹》主人公命运评析 浅析商务英语的语言特点及翻译 Cultural Factors in the Translation of English Idioms 论凯特肖班《觉醒》中的超验思想 试论金融英语词汇的特点与翻译 爱恨共辉煌——浅析《呼啸山庄》中的男主人公 英汉招呼语对比与应用研究 Quest for Identity: An Analysis of Women Characters in The Bluest Eye 《宠儿》中黑人母亲角色的解读 从传统节日庆祝方式的角度比较中英文化差异 美国校园俚语发展的促动因素看美国的自由精神 非语言行为在小学外教英语教学中的运用 国际商务谈判中的文化差异分析 透过《傲慢与偏见》论简奥斯丁的婚姻观 电影《少年派的奇幻漂流》中的隐喻分析 从合作原则角度解读《成长的烦恼》中的言语幽默 论《红字》中珠儿的象征意蕴 从《大卫科波菲尔》的女性人物塑造看现实主义与浪漫主义的结合 论《达芬奇密码》中的基督教元素 浅谈中学英语教学中的情感教学方法 A Survey on Western Culture Learning among Non-English Majors 浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中的苔丝悲剧的成因 《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的性格分析 “功能对等”理论视角下的词性转换翻译研究 试分析《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的爱情模式 解析威廉布莱克《老虎》中的修辞运用及其对英语写作的启示 等值理论视阈下的英汉广告翻译 英汉谚语中“爱”的情感隐喻对比研究（开题报告+论）

英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示） 87 《土生子》里的象征艺术

88 “eye”的认知分析

89 小议非英语专业大学生英语口语能力的培养

90 Sister Carrie：a Girl with Ascending but Unfulfilled Desires

91 论小说《看不见的人》中的象征主义

92 A Study on the Introduction of English Culture in Junior Middle School English Teaching 93 英语非作格动词语义特征和句法属性研究

94 非言语交际在英语教学中的作用

95 《紫色》中西丽的妇女主义研究

96 《蝴蝶梦》中吕蓓卡形象分析

97 浅析中英日常交际用语的语用差异

98 《还乡》中的生态女性主义解读

99 功能目的论视角下汉语商标的英译策略

100 《杀死一只知更鸟》的主题及其与题目的关系

101 A Portrait of Martin Eden as a Nietzschean

102 The Influences of Electronic Commerce on International Trade

103 从功能翻译理论的角度论中文菜单的英译

104 文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响

105 英汉颜色词 “红” 与“白”的文化内涵研究

106 量词“片”与“piece”的语法化对比研究

107 《药》的两个英译本中翻译技巧比较

108 《百万美元宝贝》中麦琪性格男性化形成原因分析

109 《飞屋环游记》的人物设置特色分析

110 文化杂糅背景下的身份诉求——解读奈保尔的《半生》

111 “逍遥骑士”——浅析年代美国嬉皮士文化

112 《分期付款》中英语长句的分译策略

113 英语演讲语篇中的parallelism及其汉译策略—以奥巴马就职演说稿为例

114 《莫比迪克》中不同的人物特点

115 从《嘉莉妹妹》看本性与理性的斗争

116 英文商标的汉译

117 广播新闻英语的词汇特点

118 英语专业学生议论文写作中连接词使用情况研究

119 分析《雾都孤儿》中的讽刺手法

120 探析《霍乱时期的爱情》的悲剧美

121 中外大学校训翻译分析

122 On Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition

123 名转动词的中英对比研究

124 从中西文化差异看英汉数字翻译

125 从女性主义看《呼啸山庄》

126 浅析中美商务沟通中的恭维语

127 The Functions of Landscape Description in Tess of D’Urbervilles

128 论凯瑟琳?曼斯菲尔德短篇小说中的爱情观

129 《加里波利的坟墓》的反讽与对话

130 会话原则在国际商务谈判中的运用

英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示） 131 电影名称的翻译特点

132 中英文化背景下的金融英语翻译分析

133 彼得潘－－孩子和成人共同的童话

134 论《纯真年代》的女性意识

135 《红楼梦》两英译版本中姓名翻译的对比研究

136 浅谈中学英语教学中交际任务型教学活动的设计

137 从语域理论角度分析商务发盘函的翻译策略

138 英汉白色词的文化象征意义及翻译

139 Comparison between High and Low-context Culture in Language Expression

140 On the Differences in Table Manners between Westerners and Chinese

141 语用合作原则及礼貌原则在商业广告中的有效运用

142 《善良的乡下人》的喜剧性分析

143 弥尔顿《失乐园》中撒旦形象的双重性

144 跨文化交际中旅游英语菜式的翻译

145 莎士比亚历史剧中的政治观

146 论戏剧《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克的悲剧形象

147 艾米莉?狄金森诗歌中的动物意象研究

148 An Analysis of The Woman Warrior from the Perspective of Construction of Discrete Identity in Chinese American Community

149 中英寒暄语委婉语的文化差异对比

150 维多利亚时期英国女性文学作品的三个男性形象分析

151 叶芝：无望的爱情，多变的风格

152 房地产广告的英译研究

153 Perception of the Beat Generation through John Lennon

154 A Study of Luxury Situations Nowadays in China from Sister Carrie

155

156 《洛丽塔》悲剧结局因素探析

157 衔接理论在高中英语阅读教学中的应用

158 《智血》中主要人物生命历程解读（开题报告+论）

159 组织学习障碍及相应的对策

160 高中英语教学中的文化教育

161 张培基散文翻译赏析

162 模糊语在国际商务谈判中的语用功能研究

163 颜色词的英汉翻译研究

164 《飞屋环游记》的人物设置特色分析

165 一位绝望的主妇——从女性主义角度诠释《林中之死》

166 Are Indians Prisoners of Their Race?-An Analysis of the Sources and Rise of National Awareness

167 The Tragedy Characteristics of Sister Carrie and An American Tragedy

168 Psychoanalytical Study of Kate Chopin’s The Awakening

169 中美家庭教育比较—文化差异对家庭教育的影响

170 英语学习中如何提高学生的英语阅读能力

171 从唯美主义的角度论《道林.格蕾的画像》中的主要人物

172 探析英语新闻报道中的委婉语

英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示） 173 论《都柏林人》中的情感瘫痪

174 《马太福音》对话中语气的人际意义研究

175 运用“第三空间”解析《女勇士》中的文化现象

176 汉语量词“条”“支”“枝”的认知研究及其英文表达

177 从三美原则看中国古诗词中酒意象的英译

178 中西方跨文化交际中非语言行为的文化差异

179 从美国汽车看美国文化

180 环境、性格、命运－－评《远大前程》主人公皮普

181 论《动物庄园》的反讽艺术

182 试析英语广告中双关语的翻译

183 对比分析苔丝和蓓基－－哈代《德伯家的苔丝》和萨克雷《名利场》 184 英汉标点符号比较

185 论安东尼? 特罗洛普的现实主义思想——以《巴赛特的最后纪事》为例 186 双重人格——《化身博士》的启示

187 浅析美国俚语及其折射出的美国亚文化现象

188 从《宠儿》透视美国黑人女性的悲剧与成长

189 《劝导》中安妮?艾略特的道德判断

190 论《野性的呼唤》的多重主题

191 从数字看中西方文化差异

192 广告英语中语言的性别差异

193 从马洛斯的“需要层次”理论看<<傲慢与偏见>>中的婚姻观

194 浅谈中学生英语自主学习能力的培养

195 论《紫颜色》中黑人妇女的反抗

196 从女性主义解读《芒果街上的小屋》

197 对《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中人物的圣经原型解读

198 美国俚语的文化及特征

199 托尼?莫里森《秀拉》中的女性主义

200 英汉习语的概念隐喻对比研究

第二篇：《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中汤姆的人物分析(英文)

毕业论文

题目 An Analysis of the Character Tom

     in the Novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin 

 

学生姓名：                          

指导教师：________     ______________

­­  外语   系  英语  专业      班

                       20##年 6月 13日

毕业论文任务书

专业   英语   班级      姓名      下发日期2009年12月19日

摘 要

斯托夫人笔下的汤姆叔叔虽是奴隶制度下的一个牺牲品，但却是人类精神至高无上的楷模。他用基督教式的博爱温暖了无数穷苦人民，其伟大的牺牲精神使无数后人黯然落泪，更使无数上层统治者心惊胆怯。人们无法忘记诚实、忠心的汤姆叔叔如何竭尽全力的维护自己的主人；更无法忘记如此温顺的汤姆叔叔为了坚守信仰竟以死向敌人反抗。在物欲横流的当今世界，汤姆叔叔以其无私、纯洁、高尚的精神教化着人类的灵魂。

关键词：汤姆叔叔，诚实，忠心，反抗

                        

ABSTRACT

Uncle Tom, the hero in the writing of Harriet Beecher Stowe, was a sacrifice of slavery. However, he was a supreme model of human spirit. With his Christian love, he comforted numerous people who were suffering poverty and misery. His spirit of sacrifice made many off-springs weep, and shocked and feared a lot of upper rulers. Nowadays, people always remember the honest and loyal Uncle Tom who makes every effort to protect his master. Also, people remember that in order to keep his Christian faith such an obedient Uncle Tom dared to resist his master. In this monetary world today, Uncle Tom’s spirit of selflessness, purity and nobility edify human’s soul.

KEY WORDS: Uncle Tom, honest, loyal, resist

Contents

Introduction………………………………………………………………………….(9)

Chapter One Uncle Tom’s Obedience………………………………………………(11)

1.1  Uncle Tom’s Honesty……………………………………………………...(11)

1.2  Uncle Tom’s Loyalty……………………………………………………...(12)

1.2.1 His loyalty to Mr. Shelby……………………………………………(12)

1.2.2 His loyalty to Augustine St. Clare…………………………………..(13)

Chapter Two Uncle Tom’s Christian Love for Humanity………………………….(15)

2.1 Uncle Tom’s Love for the Blacks and the Low…………………………...(15)

2.2 Uncle Tom’s Love for the Whites…………………………………………(16)

   2.2.1 His love for George Shelby…………………………………………(16)

   2.2.2 His love for Evangeline……………………………………………..(17)

2.3 Uncle Tom’s Love for His Enemies……………………………………….(19)

Chapter Three Uncle Tom’s Disobedience of Gentle Impulse……………………..(19)

Chapter Four Uncle Tom’s Tragic Ending………………………………………….(23)

4.1 Comparison Between George Harris and Uncle Tom…………………….(23)

   4.1.1 George Harris’s struggle for freedom………………………………(23)

   4.1.2 Uncle Tom’s sacrifice for freedom……………………………….....(24)

4.2 Introspection of Uncle Tom’s Death………………………………………(26)

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….(28)

Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………...(29)

Bibliography………………………………………………………………………..(30)

Introduction

In 1861, the war between South and North broke out on American land; in 1861, the war of slavery emancipation which erupted in America and permeated into the rest of the world made the whole world shaking. The whole humanity was angry, and the whole negroes were crying… Harriet Beecher Stowe, the little woman who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, was actually the person who waged the war in literal field. Influenced by Calvinism, and seeing salves’ poor life and slave owners’ cruelty in America, Stowe determined to write a book to expose the American law, to show her sympathy on the miserable slaves and to remind the whites’ and the whole world’s humanity. The book was called Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin was mainly written into two parts. For one part, it narrated George Harris and her wife Eliza’s struggle for freedom. Hardly could they bear the American slavery system which would part them and sell their boy, they decided to escape and fled into a free country. Through all difficulties and dangers, they finally reached their ideal land, Canada. For the other part, the book described the protagonist, Uncle Tom’s ups and downs in his whole life. Unlike George Harris, Uncle Tom accepted all prosperities and adversities befalling upon him, he accepted them sedately and meekly by the support of his Christian religion. However, though the Lord could comfort his soul, he could not protect his body. Under the evil law and evil slavery, Uncle Tom was whipped to death by the cruel slave owner. Not only did the author Harriet Beecher Stowe exalt George Harris’s bravery, but also she sympathized Uncle Tom’s tragedy, and admired his Christian spirit. For the latter one, Stowe had poured out all her efforts and affection, and the topic of this thesis is to analyze Uncle Tom’s characteristics.

As to Uncle Tom’s characteristics in the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin, many foreign and domestic scholars have expressed their viewpoints; among them, some appraised Uncle Tom and some criticized him. For example, in Uncle Tom’s Image ofXue Yufeng (2002), she thought that Uncle Tom was not only an affectionate Christian, but also a real man who always kept his promise, and stuck to his principles. He was a brave, strong and integral hero who faced death unflinchingly. Another Chinese writer Lin Yuting (2008) set a “black Christ image” for Uncle Tom in her Resistance or Submission. She stated that Uncle Tom was the incarnation of “love” and “goodness” whose behavior complied with Christian theory completely. He demonstrated the Christian doctrine of “love is all” and “return good for evil” through his own deeds. The foreign abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison said that Uncle Tom was “the true moral representative of goodness with great and inconvincible spirit” (1854). Activist Mary Church Terrell also said “Standing before the poor old Tom, who would not wipe his eyes; although on identity he was a slave, in mind he was philosopher, and in the heart a sage, in death a martyrs” (1911:  ). However, in the eyes of other critics, Uncle Tom was not a “Hard Hero” at all. Abolitionist Charles Whipple criticized “Long—term silently succumbing to the owner of slave is complicity… The duty of man or Christians is not only against it, but if had the ability, to stop it with the appropriate way… Whether from the aspect of man’s character or from the aspect of Christian personality, I don’t think Tom is the most sublime example, because he has close relationship with slave owners” (1860:   ).

As the old saying goes, “Gold can’t be pure and man can’t be perfect”. Though Uncle Tom has his own personal failings and different critics have different opinions toward him, no one would deny that he is an honest, loyal and affectionate man. This thesis will depict Uncle Tom as a miserable, poor but sublimate, admirable slave. It is constituted of four parts. In chapter one, it describes Uncle Tom’s obedience of honesty and loyalty to his different masters. Chapter two is to represent Uncle Tom’s love for humanity through his Christian religion. And the next chapter is to disproof other critics’ opinion of Uncle Tom’s cowardice through his gentle impulse against Legree. For the last chapter, the thesis will sublimate Uncle Tom’s greatness through George Harris’s adverse selection.

Chapter One Uncle Tom’s Obedience

When people speak of Harriet Beecher Stowe, the first thing they thought of is Uncle Tom’s Cabin; and when people speak of Uncle Tom, the first thing in their mind is Uncle Tom’s obedience. No matter the master is generous or not, Uncle Tom is always honest and loyal to them.  

1.1  Uncle Tom’s Honesty

Though some critics criticized Uncle Tom’s cowardice of sitting down under whatever might come, they could not deny his extraordinary honesty.

At the beginning of the novel, Mr. Shelby, the first and most generous master of Uncle Tom, recommended Uncle Tom’s honesty when discussing with his creditor, Haley, to whom he owed a lot sum of money that could not be paid off easily. Though Mr. Shelby was reluctant, he resorted to sell Tom to clear the debt, and he believed that Uncle Tom was absolutely worth the amount. Mr. Shelby said that Uncle Tom was his favorite pet and a “genuine article”, a pious, steady, sensible, uncommon fellow. He trusted him without question and let him come and go around the country freely, managing his money, house, and horse. Everything he had, he would ask Uncle Tom to deal with them, and many years’ success and fruits found Uncle Tom true and square in everything, and his honesty won the highest place in front of Mr. Shelby.

During Mr. Shelby’s talking with Haley, there is one thing that could testify Tom’s honesty to the utmost. It was one fall, Mr. Shelby asked Tom to go to Cincinnati alone, to do business for him, and bring home five hundred dollars. “‘Tom’,” Mr. Shelby said to him, ‘I trust you because I think you are a Christian—I know you wouldn’t cheat’” (Stowe 1999: 2). Surely, Tom came back, with that sum of money, and some fellow said to him, “Tom, why don’t you make tracks for Canada?”, but Tom answered them “Ah, master trusted me, and I couldn’t” (Stowe 1999: 2). It was because of such a real thing of Uncle Tom that Mr. Shelby demanded to let him cover the whole balance of the debt.

Uncle Tom’s honesty, not only made him the most important negro before Master Shelby, but also before his new master, St. Clare, after he was sold to him. St. Clare was indolent and careless of money. Hitherto all the providing and marketing had been principally done by Adolph, the slave supervisor who was to the full, as careless and extravagant as his master. Both of St. Clare and Adolph had carried on the dispersing process with great alacrity. However, Uncle Tom had been accustomed for many years to regard his master’s property as his own. Thus when he saw, with an uneasiness he could scarcely repress, the wasteful expenditure of the establishment, he would sometimes make his suggestions in the quiet, indirect way which his class often acquired. At first, St. Clare adopted his suggestions occasionally. Later, being stuck with his soundness of mind and good business capacity and morality, he confided in him more and more, till gradually all the marketing and providing for the family were entrusted to him. Uncle Tom, trusted to an unlimited extent by a careless master, who handed him a bill without looking at it, and pocketed him the charge without counting it, had every facility and temptation to dishonesty, but an nature of impregnable honesty, strengthened by Christian faith, kept him from it.

From Mr. Shelby to St. Clare, though tempted by freedom and money, Uncle Tom stuck to his principles all the time. He testified his integral character by his own honesty and won others’ trust.

1.2  Uncle Tom’s Loyalty

Similar to his honesty, Uncle Tom’s loyalty was mainly reflected through Master Shelby and Master St. Clare.

1.2.1His loyalty to Mr. Shelby

When reading Uncle Tom’s Cabin, one could not forget how mindfully Uncle Tom protected his master when the master decided to sell him to South. “You have heard what she said! If I must be sold, or all the people on the place and everything go to rack, why, let me be sold” (Stowe 1999:38). Uncle Tom understood that had his master had any other expediency, he would not sell his favorite Tom. As a master, his liability was more to save other slaves in his house than to protect him, but Uncle Tom had never complained or blamed. However, as a slave, Uncle Tom had already earned Mr. Shelby the money all he got for him, and even twice more; and Mr. Shelby ought to let him go two years ago, and should have given him the passport and guaranteed to return freedom to him. Now, though he couldn’t help himself, he meant to sell him. On the other part, Uncle Tom, loyal as he was, not only refused Eliza’s suggestion to escape, but also determined to stay and help his master and other negroes on the place. “Master always found me on the spot, —he always will. I never have broke trust, nor used my pass no ways contrary to my word, and I never will. It’s better for me alone to go, than to break up the place and sell all. Master is not to blame” (Stowe 1999: 38). That was the poor Uncle Tom’s choice, great Uncle Tom’s choice. Even when he was sold to other masters later, he never forgot his ex-master, especially his little master George Shelby, who taught him reading and writing, and whose penny he always kept under the liner no matter where he went, dreaming that one day his young master would bring him back home. For Uncle Tom, he who teaches him one day is his teacher for life, he will always be loyal to his masters.

1.2.2 His Loyalty to Augustine St. Clare

As St. Clare was an indolent and careless master, it was Uncle Tom who managed the whole house and marketing for him. Being more idealistic than practical, St. Clare knew that he was indulgent to his slaves, but he was too lazy to educate them. So he let them make him all sorts of trouble and never lifted a finger. Exactly did he know the evil of slavery, and more did he know that the problem of slavery was the problem of American laws, for which iniquity American Whites should be responsible. However, he just kept himself away from all of these matters, and acted as an outsider. But Uncle Tom, who knew all the thoughts of his master, including his profound ideas and helpless laziness, identified him as a non-Christian, for his master never went to church, always spent his Sunday evenings at the opera or theatre, and went to wine parties, and clubs, and suppers, oftener than was at all expedient. Nevertheless, Uncle Tom seldom expressed to anyone else, but founded many prayers on his master, when he was by himself in his little dormitory.

One evening, St. Clare was invited out to a convivial party, and was helped home at midnight, in a condition when the body had decidedly attained the upper hand of the mind, Uncle Tom lied awake the rest of the night, praying for his drunk master. The next day, he spoke his mind to him: “I feel very bad, Master. I always have thought that Master would be good to everybody… Master has always been good to me, I haven’t nothing complain of, on that head. But there is some Master isn’t good to. Master isn’t good to himself” (Stowe 1999:202). At that moment, St. Clare was much astonished with Tom’s words, being moved to great extent. He never thought of such a considerate and loyal Tom, and from then on, he determined to keep his promise to give up bad habits. Later, when St. Clare’s daughter died at an early age, Uncle Tom accompanied him day and night. Few conciliated words had he said, he just stayed with St. Clare silently and appeared anywhere he was needed by his young master, until the last minute of the latter’s life.

Chapter Two Uncle Tom’s Christian Love for Humanity

Honesty and loyalty were not only the simple nature of Uncle Tom, but also basic beliefs of a Christian. As a Christian, Uncle Tom possesses all the characters a Christian should possess, such as fraternity, faith, forgiveness and endurance, let alone honesty and loyalty. As the writer Lin Yuting (2008) said, Uncle Tom was the incarnation of “love” and “goodness”, disseminating the Christian doctrine of “love is all” through his own deeds, and people respected him as their priest. He loves all the people around him, no matter poor or rich, up or low, friends or enemies.

2.1 Uncle Tom’s Love for the Blacks and the Low

In that society of America, Uncle Tom’s fellow negroes—the lowest class, including their off springs，belonged to slave owners’ personal property. Their lives were totally rested on their masters, and they were not entitled to own their wives and children but watched them being sold and killed. However, Uncle Tom believed that one day the negroes would be the master of the world, no longer being despised and trodden down. They would perhaps show forth some of the latest and most magnificent revelations of human life; and they would exhibit the highest form of the peculiarly Christian life. As God chastened who He loved, He knew that He had chosen poor negroes in the furnace of affliction, to make them the highest and noblest in that kingdom, which He would set up, when every other kingdom had been tried, and failed; for the first should be the last, and the last first.

Uncle Tom believed that they were God’s chosen people, and always would they be. So when Uncle Tom saw old Prue, the poor slave who addicted herself to drinking to forget all the miseries that befell on her, he tried to persuade her to leave off drinking, which in his eyes would be the ruin of human’s body and soul: “Oh, Lord have mercy on you poor creature. Haven’t you ever heard of Jesus Christ; that loved us poor sinners, and died for us” (Stowe 1999:125)? After being told her story that in order to please her master she had to listen to her baby crying to death, and for this she began to doubt God’s existence, Uncle Tom still consoled her of God’s fraternity: “Oh, poor creature! Haven’t nobody never told you how the lord Jesus loved you, and died for you? Haven’t they told you that he’ll help you, and you can go to heaven, and have rest, at last” (Stowe 1999:216)? Though Prue died at last, Uncle Tom’s comfort was born in her heart.

Lucy, another inferior slave on Master Legree’s plantation, weak and strong-willed, was much tortured by the master for her loyalty to her husband and refused to be married to another one. So anything she did would be found wrong and any anger would purposely result from her. Seeing this, Uncle Tom couldn’t help giving his mercy on her; he helped her ground beans for dinner, and in order to pass the inspection, he crammed his own cotton to her basket. Though being whipped himself, he never obeyed the master’s order to give a whip on poor Lucy. It was not only Prue and Lucy that Uncle Tom poured his love into, but to all inferior ones he was kind and merciful. He was the priest of other slaves around him; he assisted the desperate Eliza to escape with her child; he exchanged his own life for Cassy and Emeline’s freedom; for those poor creatures he convinced them of God’s generosity and equality. He believed that only if they negroes work hard, would they be helped by God, and all their miseries in this world would be happiness in the next, for the Lord loved his ill children and would put his holy hand on their heads himself.

2.2Uncle Tom’s Love for the Whites

Rich or poor, weak or strong, the Lord loves his children equally, and so was Uncle Tom, who loved his masters as much as his fellows. His love for masters, with some what of respect and admiration, differed from his love for the blacks. Especially as to his young master George Shelby and Evangeline, who were angels and God’s evangelists to him, he loved them more than anything.

2.2.1 His love for George Shelby

As George Shelby was the highest and most distinguished guest in Uncle Tom’s little cabin, so all of Aunt Chloe’s delicious food was prepared for him. His gentleness, simple knowledge, and beautiful voice of reading, were all obsessions to the family. Now and then, the family was attracted by his laugh in the little cabin; here and there in corners, it could be found Uncle Tom learning from him; and many Sunday’s nights the family listened to his reading of Bible sincerely. For them, George Shelby was the angel that was sent by God to comfort them, and Uncle Tom loved him just as he loved the God. So when Uncle Tom was informed of his selling and leaving from Shelby house, never did he have any complaints but only one hope to see his young master again. His tears were down when he saw George Shelby’s horse after him on his way to South: “Oh, Master George! This does me good! I couldn’t bear to go off without seeing you! It does me real good, you can’t tell” (Stowe 1999:99)! On that moment of dispatch, George Shelby reproached his parents’ cruelty of selling Tom, but Tom still admonished him to be a good son and good Christian, “And now, Master George, you must be a good boy. Remember how many hearts are set on you… Real gentleman, such as I hope you’ll be, never let fall no words that isn’t respectful to your parents” (Stowe 1999:100). Uncle Tom wished that when his young master grew up, he would be the proud of his father and mother, and all the people on the place. He wished him to be a good master, like his father; be a good Christian, like his mother. However, day and day went after their parting, year and year passed, the old Tom and his young master didn’t meet again until the last moment of Uncle Tom’s life. When George Shelby grew up, and eventually came for him, he was whipped to the last breathe by Legree. Death, he did not fear, but he couldn’t bear to leave off without seeing his young master, whose name he had spoken of many times in his heart when he was by himself. Seeing him, finally, he died smilingly. It was Uncle Tom that influenced George Shelby the most, and for whom George Shelby determined to be a slave emancipator.

2.2.2 His love for Evangeline

Eva’s appearance had dispersed Uncle Tom’s grief after he left Mr. Shelby’s place. With a benevolent master of St. Clare, and a lovely angel of Eva, Uncle Tom restored himself and was quickly immersed in happiness again. When Uncle Tom first saw Eva, whose form was the perfection of childish beauty, with an undulating and aerial grace, and who was always dressed in white, always with a half-smile on her rosy mouth, flying here and there as in a happy dream, he believed that he saw one of the angels stepped out of his New Testament, and when he was finally brought to her house, being a protector, a companion of her, he thought it was the best life he had imagined.

It would be hard to say in which place of Uncle Tom’s soft, impressible heart little Eva held. Uncle Tom loved her as something frail and earthly, yet almost worshipped her as something heavenly and divine. He gazed at her as the Italian sailor gazed at the image of the child Jesus, —with a mixture of reverence and tenderness. Every morning in the market, Uncle Tom’s eyes were always on the flower-stalls for Eva, and the choicest peace or orange was slipped into his pocket to give to her when he came back; and the sight that pleased him most was that Eva’s sunny head looked out of the gate for his distant approach, and her childish questions, —“Well, Uncle Tom, what have you got for me today” (Stowe 1999:256)? However, day by day, though their friendship had grown with the child’s growth, her decaying health and growing pre-mature mind worried Uncle Tom more and more. Bible, the best bond of their hearts and minds, was talked by them oftener and oftener as the true heaven was approaching Eva nearer and nearer. “Where do you suppose New Jerusalem is, Uncle Tom,” said Eva one day. “Oh, up in the clouds, Miss Eva.” “Then I think I see it” (Stowe 1999:257). And when Uncle Tom was singing the well-known Methodist hymn “spirits bright” for her, she said that she had already saw those spirits who always came to her in her sleep. Uncle Tom had no doubt of it at all; for it didn’t surprise him in the least. If Eva had told him she had been to heaven, he would believe it entirely. The child’s increasing illness and maturity of mind and feelings were all known by Uncle Tom, sometimes he clasped her in his arms, as if that fond clasp would save her and keep her; clearly did he know that his angel would be gone, for her true Father was calling her. “Uncle Tom, I can understand why Jesus wanted to die for us. I’ve felt so, too. When I saw those poor creatures, —some had lost their mothers, and some their husbands, and some mothers cried for their little children, —and when I heard poor Prue, —Oh, wasn’t that dreadful!—and a great many other times I’ve felt that I would be glad to die, if my dying could stop all this misery, I would die for them, Tom, if I could” (Stowe 1999:372). Nobody could understand but Tom that such words were spoken out from such a girl, whose words were exactly what was in Uncle Tom’s heart. And eventually, Eva died; sorrowful as Uncle Tom was, he knew his angel was returning to her eternal world.

Eva died, but in the eyes of Uncle Tom, she died for her poor creatures. As the evangelist of God, when her responsibility was performed in this world, she should go back home. And in the eyes of readers of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Uncle Tom was also a sage like Eva; he was another ‘Jesus Christ” that loved all creatures in the world, for whom he sacrificed himself at last. So, when Eva died, it was also a portent to Uncle Tom’s death; and when he had fulfilled his duties, he would also go back to the Father.

2.3 Uncle Tom’s Love for His Enemies

The most evaluable quality of a Christian is love, and the highest level of love is the equality of love. Uncle Tom, whose love balanced from racial discrimination and hostility, fulfilled all these principles. Not only did he love the blacks and whites, but also he loved his enemies as well. This could be best shown by his forgiveness to Master Legree, the evilest slave owner that treaded his slaves inhumanly, and towards Uncle Tom he buried his deep hatred. Uncle Tom’s Christian love, which influenced many other slaves in the place, dispersed the dark clouds always hanging over Legree’s plantation, and this fundamentally offended Legree’s interests, the king of the evil. So from everywhere and everything Legree would found troubles on Uncle Tom, since his final aim was to discipline Uncle Tom as an evil man as he himself. When Uncle Tom helped others, he himself would be punished; when he fixed his righteous, firm eyes on Legree’s face, his own face would be boxed instantly. Though Uncle Tom was tortured to a degree that one could no longer bear, and even whipped to death at last, he never lowered his head to Legree or hated him; he forgave him and showed his Christian love for him, “Master, if you was sick or in trouble, or dying, and I could save you, I’d give you my heart’s blood; and if taking every drop of blood in this poor old body would save your precious soul, I’d give them freely, as the Lord gives his for me. Oh, Master! Don’t bring this great sin on your soul! It will hurt you more than it wills me! Do the worst you can, my troubles will be over soon; but, if you don’t repent, yours would never end” (Stowe 1999:404)! And the last sentence he said to his enemy was: “Your poor miserable creature! There are no more you can do! I forgive you, with all my soul” (Stowe 1999:405).

There is no such a loyal Christian but Uncle Tom, no such a real human but Uncle Tom, and no such a loyal child of Jesus but Uncle Tom. He harbored his love for the whole humanity and the whole world!

Chapter Three Uncle Tom’s Disobedience of Gentle Impulse

Since ancient times, many critics had defined Uncle Tom as the representative of those who sat down under whatever adversities might come. “Uncle Tomism” had ever been the derogatory word for those blacks who depreciated themselves to flatter white rulers. Even there were people who criticized Uncle Tom as the opposite representative of blacks, for he was only a slave entirely submissive to his master. All those criticism of Uncle Tom was mostly due to the fact that he had had chances to escape twice: for one chance when he was told to be sold by Mr. Shelby, he could use the passport to escape, and for the other chance when he was tortured by Legree, he could choose to escape with Cassy and Emeline, but he relinquished these chances and stayed to wait for God’s determination. However, it was not for Uncle Tom’s cowardice but greatness that he sacrificed his freedom. The reason for his resolution to stay on Shelby’s place was to save other slaves there, and why he refused to escape with Cassy was to keep his faith in Lord. Uncle Tom was not a coward in the least, but a brave and strong hero. Though Uncle Tom’s was obedient and full of gentle love to humanity, he has his own principles and disobedience too. Such gentle impulse was mainly shown from his disobedience against Legree.

Uncle Tom loved his enemy, Legree, but it didn’t mean that Uncle Tom was tame and docile. He loved him because he wanted to edify him with love; once there was something going against his principles and faith, he would never submit, and never had he. When his assistance to poor Lucy incurred Legree’s hatred and revenge, and was ordered to whip Lucy, he didn’t obey but answered: “I beg Master’s pardon, and hopes Master won’t set me at that. It’s what I’m not used to, —never did, —and can’t do, no way possible. I’m willing to work, night and day, and work while there’s life and breath in me; but this thing I can’t feel it right to do; and Master, I never shall do it, —never” (Stowe 1999:350). Such stubborn refusal ignited Legree’s wrath to the utmost, for he thought that the slaves should bow themselves to their masters completely, and he had paid down twelve dollars for all there was inside Uncle Tom’s old cussed black shell; in his eyes, Uncle Tom’s whole body and soul belonged to him, but now he was resisted by his slave. Even so, Uncle Tom was not frightened; he retorted and denied his soul belonging to Legree as he declared: “No! No! No! My soul isn’t yours, Master! You haven’t bought it, —you can’t buy it! It’s been bought and paid for, by one that is able to keep it; —no matter, no matter, you can’t harm me!” (Stowe 1999:351); and the one that was able to keep his soul was the holy Lord.

Though Uncle Tom was an obedient, “yes” slave on appearance, in his heart, nothing could, and would make him betray his principles and faith. He was a genuine “Hard Hero”.

Chapter Four Uncle Tom’s Tragic Ending

Hard hero as Uncle Tom, he died at last. No matter they appraised or criticized him, people felt sad about his death. And compared with George Harris’ happy ending, Uncle Tom’s tragedy lied in history as a forever scar in people’s heart.

4.1 Comparison Between George Harris and Uncle Tom

As the novel ended, Uncle Tom died. His death was the consequence of slavery in that society. But there was also an opposite ending of American slavery; it was George Harris, another slave depicted by Harriet Beecher Stow in the novel; he was in everything the opposite image of Uncle Tom. Both being slaves, Uncle Tom and George Harris were representatives of two entirely different types of slaves. For one type of Uncle Tom, endurance was his best trick against adversities; and for the other type of George Harris, in order to protect his family and obtain freedom, he would struggle to the last minute of his life. Someone said that it was their distinctive characters that resulted in their opposite endings, and here, the thesis will analyze both of their characteristics, to show why they had different fates, and why Uncle Tom was bound to be a tragedy.

4.1.1 George Harris’ struggle for freedom

As an egalitarian believer, George Harris couldn’t understand why Lord classified His children and chastened the poor ones. As much a man as the whites, George Harris wondered who had made the whites his masters, and what right the whites had to him; perhaps, he was even a better man than they were; he maybe knew more about business than they did; and could read better and write a better hand than they, and was even a better manager than some of them. It was all by himself that George Harris learned all these skills, and there was no thanks to his master. He wondered what right his master had to make him a dray horse, to take him from his wife and child, and put him to the hardest, meanest, and dirtiest work. He didn’t believe in God, for God was always on the whites’ side; He had seen all the miseries and should let such things happen, and let His poor, honest, faithful Christians—Christians as good as or better than the whites, lie in the very dust under the whites’ feet, being bought and sold by them, and let the whites make trade of their heart’s blood, and groans and tears. George Harris knew why God had allowed all of these things to happen; just because His white children were rich, healthy and happy; because they were members of church, expecting to go to heaven, and they got along so easy in the world, and had the world all their own way. However, though God had allowed, American law had allowed; George Harris would never allow it. Since he and his wife were not allowed to be married in that slavery America, and the law would part them from each other if he chose to part, George Harris determined to fight to the last minute before his wife and child would be taken away from him. Along with them, George Harris began his escapement to Canada, a country where they could be free and lawful men. On the way of their escaping, they confronted with many difficulties and dangers, but never had they subjected and gave up their dream. On the moment of desperateness and madness, the wife Eliza vaulted sheer over the turbid current by the shore, and on to the raft of ice beyond. On the top of the rock, facing the enemies pursuing behind, the husband George Harris made his declaration: “I know very well that you’ve got the law on your side and the power… But you haven’t got us. We don’t own your laws; we don’t own your country; we stand here as free, under God’s sky, as you are; by the great lord that made us, we’ll fight for our liberty till we die” (Stowe 1999:195).

Facing discriminations and inequalities, George Harris chose to struggle and struggle as he did, he obtained his liberty.

4.1.2 Uncle Tom’s sacrifice for freedom

Believing in nothing but he himself, the brave, disobedient, struggling George Harris won a new life for his family. However, Uncle Tom, sticking his faith in God, and reconciling himself to God’s arrangements, was bound to be a sacrifice in that society in which God was helpless and deafen by the American whites.

George Harris succeeded in reaching Canada, and Uncle Tom failed; though people admired George Harris’ bravery of struggle, they admired Uncle Tom’s spirit of sacrifice, too, for he dared to maintain his faith in that deaf God. In Uncle Tom’s heart, God was never deaf, but always be there, watching him, loving him, helping him and would help him sometime. When Uncle Tom was going to be sold by Mr. Shelby, he smothered his grief and comforted his wife with his brave, manly heart: “I’m in the Lord’s hands, nothing can go further than he lets it; —and that’s one thing I can thank him for. It’s me that’s sold and going down, and not you nor the children. Here you are safe; —what comes will only on me; and the Lord, he’ll help me, —I know he will” (Stowe 1999:92). Later, when Master St. Clare had guaranteed his freedom but died, and being informed to be sold again, the old Uncle Tom’s heart was full. The hope of liberty, the thought of distant wife and children, rose up before his patient soul, as to the mariner shipwrecked almost in port rose the vision of the church-spire and loving roofs of his native village. However, he drew his arms tightly over his bosom, and choked back the bitter tears, and tried to pray, and the only pray he prayed was: “The Lord’s will be done” (Stowe 1999:317). What’s more, when Uncle Tom was whipped by Legree, lying there, almost died, he didn’t have the feeling of coldness, degradation, disappointment, and wretchedness, but a joy of soul-crisis being past. From his deepest soul, the hours that loosed and parted from every hope in the life now were over, and offered his own will an unquestioning sacrifice to the infinite. When the body was exhausted, there was nothing more that could torture him; for his soul, nothing could torture it, for it belonged to the God, and finally went back to Him.

In the eyes of others, Uncle Tom died and failed; but in the heart of Uncle Tom, he died and won. Eventually he went to the eternal world, laying down all earthly miseries and pain; like Jesus Christ, though he couldn’t save, he tried to save the humanity, and was willing to die for them. Such spirit of sacrifice was remembered and honored by people later. Though Uncle Tom didn’t emancipate slaves, he made a great contribution to it.

4.2 Introspection of Uncle Tom’s Death

The great Uncle Tom died, he died for his Christian faith and for the whole humanity; however, there was a question asked by people home and abroad, ancient and now, and time and time again: “what’s the root of Uncle Tom’s death?” Was it because of the system of slavery and the system of American law? Of course, it was. The slavery itself was the root of evil, which was only given a faint shadow, a dim picture by the writer of Uncle Tom’s Cabin; its anguish and despair had rived thousands of hearts, shattered thousands of families, and drove a helpless and sensitive race to frenzy and despair; how many mothers had been driven by it to the murders of their children, leaving themselves seeking in death a shelter from woes more dreaded than death. Evil as the slavery itself was, it was protected and aggravated by a more evil thing, the American law, beneath whose protection and allowance, the slave-trade was acted on American land rampantly and wantonly; and in order to protect the interests of bourgeoisies, it reduced the mass slaves to an illiterate station, and the white slave owner who educated their slaves would be punished severely. The American whites thought that it was necessary to make the negroes the ones without minds, it was also necessary to make their morality and spirit empty, and if possible, made every effort to eliminate rational thoughts. Thus was the American law, and no tragedy of slavery could be written, could be spoken, could be conceived, which equated the frightful reality of scenes daily and hourly acting on the land beneath the shadow of slavery law.

The slavery-trade is now, by American law, considered as piracy. But a slave-trade, as systematic as ever was carried on the coast of Africa, was an inevitable attendant and result of American slavery. And can the slavery-trade’s horrors be told? When looking at the expansive African land, the poorest place with the highest density of population, who would not think of the evil slavery years and years ago. Though slavery has been abolished, and slaves have been emancipated since 1861, the negroes’ children are still suffering in Africa. Many years had they suffered, and nobody knows how many years they will continue suffering. How many people were starved to death there in a year; how many people die of AIDS and other epidemic diseases; and how many children are still uneducated. Had it not been the slavery, would all of these things happen nowadays? Who could forget those dying eyes, who could forget those last cries, which wrung people’s heart when they can neither help nor save? Is this a thing to be defended, sympathized with, or passed over in silence?

Emancipated as the slaves are, and as many assistances are given by other countries to Africa, the Africans’ life is better than before. But have the African won their complete emancipation? No, though they can be helped by others, the true rise of Africa is rested on itself, and the most important factor for their rise is education. Only do they educate themselves, will they not be lagged behind; only do they educate their children, can they change their disgraced history and create another glorious one. They should set up their faith as their father Uncle Tom, and believe that one day Africa will show itself to the world; one day they will be the master of the world. As the Lord chastens the one He loves, though Africans are suffering now, lastly they will be brought to the top. Maybe they will die like Uncle Tom, but in the next world, their children, their children’s children, will finally win the ultimate emancipation.

When people see Kofi Annan, the last UN Secretary General, delivered his speech to the world; when Barack Obama, the African-American, won his place of presidency; when Jazz spread out around the globe and athletes running on the racetrack of Olympic Games…Maybe they are witnessing another Africa, a rising country. The Africa’s tomorrow is showing its brightness on the horizon!

Conclusion

This is an age of the world when nations are trembling and convulsed. A mighty influence is abroad, surging and heaving the world, as with an earthquake. And is America safe? Is the world safe? Every nation that carries in its bosom great injustice has in it the elements of this last convulsion; and what’s this mighty influence? It is man’s freedom and equality. In order to search for such freedom and equality, Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin, in which she showed two approaches how to achieve man’s freedom and equality: George Harris’ struggle and Uncle Tom’s endurance and sacrifice.

As many other critics claimed, man’s freedom and equality would only be achieved through man’s struggle and fighting, otherwise, man would be like Uncle Tom, suffering under the injustice, and being defeated and failed. However, was Uncle Tom’s approach really wrong and unacceptable? No. His death and sacrifice was also a way against slavery. Struggle as slaves should, but when struggle and escapement were unavailable to them, what should they do? Then endurance became their way; and when they could not defeat the evil slavery physically, at least, they could protect their soul and morality. Under circumstances in that society of America, who could endure and tolerate all these things as Uncle Tom; when being tortured and satirized by the whole world, nobody but Uncle Tom would stick to his faith would to the last minute.

In this monetary world dominated by materials, few people really care their spirit and soul. If the world was only composed of materials, without morality, would it exist, develop and prosperous? Of course not, material and spirit coexist just as a person is consisting of body and soul. The world would go into a mess without the restraint of morality, so was every nation which had its law to enforce on its people. The world is a peaceful one under the lead of morality, and in this rampant world, what it really needs is not strength and war, but people setting up their outlook of morality and faith, and leading the world to a more civilized one. So Uncle Tom’s spirit is exactly what spirit the world needs nowadays.

Acknowledgements

To all the teachers all around me in the past four years, I would like to give my deepest thanks. Looking back on the past days, I have not only learned academic knowledge, but also the meaning of life. Not only have I learned how to be a good student, but also I have learned how to be a good man. Thanks to all those teachers who imparted their knowledge and experiences to me.

My thanks go to my supervisor Tian Yan, who gave me so much advice and revised my thesis again and again. Thanks for her classes to me, what she has taught me were what I would remember for ever and ever. For who, I will try to be a proud student, and who I will put in my heart on my way away!

Thank you for all my friends and classmates who provided me with reference and useful documents. I would like to give my thanks to Wang Hongxin, who shared her data with me and helped me a lot during my writing.

Thanks for my deeply loved parents, without whose support and encouragement, I would not have finished my study in my university. Thanks for Qingdao Technological University Qindao College, fours years’ study here is my precious wealth!

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