大学英语高级写作A Rhetorical Analysis of “The Story of an Hour”

时间:2024.5.8

Zhang1

Professor Shuqing

Advanced English Writing

11 November 2014

A Rhetorical Analysis of “The Story of an Hour”

“The Story of an Hour” is a short story written by Kate Chopin in Louisiana 1894, it is considered as an outstanding work of feminist literature. In this story, the theme of the

awakening and struggle of women’s self-consciousness is throughout the entire essay by the use of multiple rhetorical devices.

In the essay “The Story of an Hour”, Chopin uses the third-person narration along with several rhetorical devices to make the story such a success. By using third person narration the author knows every single thing of the characters, and she can reflect content as

objectively as possible without the limitation of time and space. Therefore, she chooses the most typical scenes to show the protagonist’s psychological changes and plot the story in an impressive way. This helps readers to get more information from the author’s description.

For example, it is clear at the very beginning of the story that Mrs. Mallard is afflicted with heart trouble. This suggests that this trouble is both physical and emotional, a problem both with her body and unhappiness with her lack of freedom. This symbolism here also

indicates her end. It is Mrs. Mallard’s heart trouble that influences all her reactions as well as other characters. The news of her husband’s death is brought to her “as gently as possible”. The reason Mrs. Mallard’s sister Josephine and her husband’s friend Richards break the news like this, is because that they fear the news could make her condition worsen. As expected, Mrs. Mallard “wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment” and “When the storm of grief

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had spent itself she went away to her room alone.” The word “storm” shows that it is an easy come easy go situation for Mrs. Mallard. It is ironic for a woman who loves her husband ends her crying so quickly. By using third person narration, Chopin freely changes the scene into Mrs. Mallard’s house and directly depicts the feeling and psychological activity of Mrs. Mallard. When she looks at the “new spring life” outside her window, a subtle and elusive thing from the “sky” comes into her bosom. “Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body” and “self-assertion which she suddenly

recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!”. The “new spring life” and “sky” here symbolize the freedom and self-consciousness. Both Mrs. Mallard’ spirits and body are refreshed after her awakening of self-consciousness. Now, she is no longer a weak woman with serious heart trouble but a whole woman with confidence to face the true world outside her room. However, as soon as her stepped out her room and went down to the living room, her husband came back in a whole skin and crushes her dream. Her husband’s death gives her a glimpse of a new life, and when that new life is swiftly taken away, the shock and

disappointment kill her immediately. The doctors say she dies of joy and the story stops here abruptly. The irony of the ending is that Louise doesn’t die of joy as the doctors’ claim, but actually from the loss of joy.

The full text of "The story of an hour" less than 2000 words, but the use of irony and symbolism through the third person narration clearly shows the difficult situation for female to pursue the process of awakening self-consciousness in the patriarchal society.


第二篇:The Story of An Hour,一小时的故事


一小时的故事(1894)

凯特·肖邦(1851-1904)

知道马兰德夫人(Mrs. Mallard)的心脏很衰弱,他们尽可能小心翼翼地把她丈夫死亡的消息告诉她。

玛兰德的姐姐,约瑟芬(Josephine),用不连贯的语言,遮遮掩掩地给她暗示着。她丈夫的朋友,理查兹(Richards)也在那儿,就在她身边。在列有布伦特·马兰德(Brently Mallard)名字的火车事故遇难者的消息名单传来时,理查兹正好在报社里。紧接其后的电报,使他在最快的时间里证明了消息的可靠性。他必须赶在那些不太心细,不太温柔的朋友之前把这个不幸的消息带回来。

她没有像别的女人那样,带着麻木接受的神情听这个故事。她近似绝望地扑倒在姐姐的怀里嚎啕大哭,泪如泉涌。当这暴风雨般的悲伤过去后,她独自一人回到了自己的房间,不让任何人跟着她。

窗户对面,放着一把舒服的大扶手椅,她疲惫不堪地沉了进去。这种疲惫,折磨着她的身体,似乎也正浸入她的灵魂。

她看到了屋外广场上,充满新春气息的树梢是那么的兴奋。空气中弥漫着芬芳的雨的气息。窗户下面的街道上,小贩正在叫卖他的器皿。远处传来缥缈的歌声,数不清的麻雀也在屋檐下叽叽喳喳地唱个不停。

对着她窗户的西边天空上,层层叠叠的云朵之间,露着一绺一绺的蔚蓝蔚蓝色的天空。突出文章的主题:被压抑的个性和对自由的追求

她把头靠在椅背上,非常地平静。除了像个孩子自己哭着睡着了,还继续呜咽一样,她也偶尔地呜咽一下,这使她有点颤抖。

她很年青,她那白皙、安详的脸上线条,显示着一种压抑甚至说是一种力量。但是现在,她那凝望蓝天的双眸,目光茫然,甚或有点呆滞。这并不是匆匆沉思的一瞥,更不是一种长久的深思熟虑,而是精神世界一片空旷。

有一种感觉正在向她靠近,那正是她带着恐惧等待的。是什么?她不知道。这种感觉太微妙,太难以捉摸,她说不清楚。但她感觉得到它,它正在空中蔓延,它穿过弥漫于空气中的声音、气味和颜色慢慢地靠近她。

现在,她内心骚动不安。她开始认识到那种向她步步进逼、并且渐渐地控制他的感觉是什么。她努力地想用自己的意志力把这种感觉打回去,但是她的意志力就像她那两只纤细、白皙的双手一样的无力。

当她任那种感觉肆意发展的时候,从她微微张开的双唇间喃喃地溢出一个词。她屏住呼吸一遍又一遍地重复着:“自由,自由,自由!”随着那种感觉而来的茫然的目光和恐惧的神色从他的眼里消失了。现在,她的目光透着机敏,炯炯有神。她的心跳加快,热血温暖了身体的每一个部位,使她感到身心放松。

她没有片刻去想她此刻拥有的这种欢愉,是否不正当。一种清清楚楚的、兴奋的感觉燃烧着她,她根本无暇去顾及那些个琐事。

她知道,当她见到丈夫那双温柔、亲切的双手变得僵硬,那张从来都不会对她吝啬爱意的脸变得毫无表情、灰白如纸的时候,她肯定还会哭的。但在这痛苦之外,她看到了长远的未来,那些只属于她自己的未来岁月。她张开双臂去迎接那些岁月。

在未来的岁月里,她不再活着只是为了别人,而只为她自己。那时,她不必再盲目地屈从于任何专横的意志。人们总是相信他们有权把群体的意志强加于个人意志之上。无论其动机的善良与否,她突然感到这种做法绝不亚于犯罪。

是的,她曾经爱她——有时爱他。更多的时候,她并不爱她。那有什么关系!爱情这

神秘的玩意,在她突然拥有了自我,就是做回她自己的强烈火冲动的时候,有什么意义呢?

“自由!身体和灵魂的自由!”她不断地呢喃着。

她姐姐约瑟芬跪在紧闭的门前,把嘴贴在锁孔上,恳求着让她进来。“路易斯,开门!我求你了,把门打开——你会使自己生病的。你在干什么,路易斯?看在上帝的份上,把门打开。”

“走开。我不会使自己生病的。”不会的,她正站在敞开的窗子前,贪婪地用吮吸着窗外那不息的生命中的甘霖。感情压抑之深

她的想象像是脱僵的野马一样奔着。她想象着未来的日子,春天的日子,夏天的日子,所有将属于她自己的日子。她祈祷着长寿,而就在昨天,她还那么肯定嫌生命太漫长。

最后,在她姐姐的强烈要求下,她站起来,把门打开。她的眼里充满了兴奋和胜利,她不知道自己看起来就像胜利女神一样。她搂住姐姐的腰,一起走下楼梯。理查兹站在下面等他们。

有人用钥匙打开了前门。进来的正是布伦特·马兰德,他有点风尘仆仆,又漫不经心得手提旅行袋和雨伞。(旅途之劳累,心情之平静;这与她的心情产生了强烈的对比。)他离事发现场很远,他甚至不知道发生了车祸。

他愣在那儿,对约瑟芬的尖叫感到吃惊,对理查兹快速地把他挡在妻子的视线外感到吃惊。

但是理查兹已经太迟了。

医生赶来时,他们说她死于心脏病——死于狂喜过度!

关于作者 凯特·肖邦(Kate Chopin)

美国女作家。(1851-1904)出生于美国圣路易斯。父 亲在她四岁时去世,此后她由克里奥尔(生长于西印度群岛和南美各地的欧洲人后裔)母亲的家庭抚 养长大。她于1870年嫁给了奥斯卡·肖邦,一个棉花商。两人先是住在路易斯安那的新奥尔良,后又 搬到一个大农场和讲法语的阿卡迪亚人住在一起。在1882她丈夫去世之后,肖邦与她的六个孩子返回圣路易斯。朋友们鼓励她写作。她在快四十岁的时候出版了 第一本小说,故障(At Fault 1890)。她的短篇小说开始出现在世纪(Century)和哈泼杂志

(Harper’s Magazine)。随后又出版了两个选集:支流人(Bayou Folk 1894)和阿卡迪一夜(A Night in Arcadie 1897)。最后的主要作品,有超短篇一双丝袜(A Pair of Silk Stocking) 等,其后的小说觉醒(The Awakening 1899),是她的杰作。但是书中对通奸同情的笔调震惊了全美的书评人和读者。在圣路易斯,小说被从图书馆的书架上取下。肖邦本人也被圣路易斯文艺社取消 会员资格。1899年底,她的出版商拒绝出版她的第三本短篇小说集。肖邦感到自己在文学领域受到排斥。在最后的岁月里,她几乎再也没有动笔。

在19世纪末,肖邦试图直白的描写女性在与男性、儿童的关系及她们本身性欲中的感受和情绪。这 一点被认为是冒犯了当时上流社会的读者。1885年母亲去世后,她停止了天主教的实践并开始接受达尔文主义对人类进化的观点。在自然而不是教堂中寻求上 帝,肖邦大量描写性与爱的主题。她为美国作家们悲哀,认为由环境所致,艺术上的局限性阻碍了完整且本能的叙述。那些挑战传统社会行为的作品,如《一小时的 故事》,常常被杂志编辑拒绝。然而半个多世纪后,女权主义评论家却大力提倡。

在翻译莫泊桑的小说后,肖邦采取了他的模式。她认为,“这是生活,不是小说。在情节设计,老式手法和舞台套路中,哪能找到我一直喜好的这种模糊的不假思索的叙事艺术?”

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