The American Literature

Journal Entry of For Whom the Bell Tolls

By Shi Taiwen Class six 41004177

Journal Entry of For Whom the Bell Tolls

From the early autumn of 1936 to spring of 1939, the Spanish Civil War, forgotten by modern people, had become the old history. However, actually, it was the prelude of the European front of World War Two, and was the first battle between the world's progressive forces and the regime of Germany and Italy fascist. Because of great many complicated historical reasons, the progressive forces failed in the war. There are few of literature works reflecting the periodical history, and For Whom the Bell Tolls is the only book which is respected and read.

For Whom the Bell Tolls is the longest novel of Hemingway, but the plot of the novel is limited to three days (on a Saturday afternoon to Tuesday morning in the end of May 1937), and it is very compact. At that time, due to the march of government forces near the capital of the northeast city of Guadalajara trounced the Italian army, the capital has turned the corner. Gore general then was preparing an attack to their enemies in the northeast of the capital of Guadalajara. In order to cut off the reinforcement of enemies, Robert Jordan as a volunteer was sent to the depth of mountain and got touch with guerrillas. As soon as the fighting started, they smashed the railway bridge. At the beginning of the book, it describes that the old guidance Ansel Mo with Jordan went to bridge post reconnaissance, then heading for guerrilla camp. The old man found out Pablo, the leader of that team. Jordan communicated with him immediately, and the contradiction was carried step by step. Pablo was a coper before, supplying horses for unit and bullring. Later he met Fini’ mistress when he was a helper in bullring. After Fini was killed by cattle, Bilal stayed with Pablo. When the revolution broke out, Pablo lead people surrounding the civil defense, and arrested all the fascists, put them all to death. Three days later, they were attacked by fascists, and withdraw to the mountains guerrilla. Past year, they attacked several enemy strongholds, bombing a train, getting a few horses. At the same time, Pablo became another person. He started drinking, and his emotion was desperate. He just wanted to stay in this mountain. When he knew the reason that Jordan came, he put his Fox principle: To be afloat in an area, you can only go to other activities in the

region, or will be rid of the enemy. Bilal was a straightforward passionate woman. Before she lived with several bullfighters and understood a few bitter over life, tasting some earthly joy. She thought Pablo was full of manly when she met him at the first time. But now as an old woman, she found out that he became a short-sighted drunkard and a coward. She was very upset, just like those guerrilla fighters as being hard-pressed to make a contribution to the republic they love. At this juncture, the Republic sent a blaster. That night they gathered in the cave, Bilal lead against Pablo favoring to break Railway Bridge, unanimously expressed support for her, she said bravely: "Here I decide." In this tense moment, Jordan could not help but reach out and press the pistol on Pablo succumbed, but then gone back everywhere only from his personal safety. Jordan Bilal and everyone had to help overcome his enemy sabotage and interference caused by enemy cavalry difficulties in the timely completion of Tuesday morning task, but unfortunately they lost their lives.

Hemingway played his unique narrative art to describe the action nuanced dialogue and colorful, tightly surrounded Robert Jordan's actions, all in one place this story in the end. While he made use of a large section of the inner monologue and insert memories, to make the hero’s image is very plump......

第二篇：海明威《丧钟为谁而鸣》读后感

《丧钟为谁而鸣》读后感

上世纪40年代，著名美国小说家厄尼斯特·海明威以西班牙内战为背景、以反法西斯主义为主题，创作了长篇小说《丧钟为谁而鸣》，塑造了国际纵队的美国志愿兵、反法西斯战士罗伯特·乔丹为配合一支游击队的一次炸桥行动而英勇战斗和无畏牺牲的感人故事，这部作品是海明威创作生涯中一部承前启后的重要作品，在相当程度上克服和摆脱了迷惘、孤独与悲观的情绪，把个人融入到社会中，表现出为正义事业而献身的崇高精神。成为海明威中期创作中思想性最强的作品之一。对美国文学界产生了很大影响。小说被译成几十国文字，是一部畅销全世界的巨著。

在这本小说里，人物众多，除了著名的男主人公罗伯特·乔丹之外还有同命运战斗的皮拉尔也非常受读者欢迎。但是在此我就安塞尔莫详细谈谈我的感想。

在《丧钟为谁而鸣》中，我们可以看到西班牙共和国政府军在首都东北瓜达拉哈拉城附近大败意大利侵略军，首都已转危为安。戈尔兹将军率领的政府军正准备对首都西北向瓜达拉马山区叛军山上防线发动一次大规模的反攻，为切断敌人的援路线，乔丹奉命在进攻开始时炸毁敌人的一座桥梁。在西班牙老人安塞尔莫的带领下，乔丹来到敌后的巴勃罗游击队，在和游击队共同生活的日子里，作品从乔丹的角度串起了一系列栩栩如生的人物。最后乔丹完成了炸桥任务，自己受重伤留下来掩护游击队撤退。游击队的其他人员也各自完成自己的任务，或是死亡，或是奔向未知的死亡，而他们各自的性格也在这一过程中完全地展现出来。在小说中，安塞尔莫是海明威着力刻划的人物之一。他带领罗伯特·乔丹进入山中，联系上了山里的游击队。他是乔丹忠诚的拥护者，义不容辞地执行乔丹的命令，他莫带领罗伯特·乔丹进人敌后，就以乔丹助手的身份，给乔丹介绍敌情，帮助乔丹了解情况。

游击队长巴勃罗是马贩子出身。革命爆发时，巴勃罗带领众乡亲在家乡小镇包围了民防团的兵营，逮捕、处死了所有的法西斯分子。法西斯军队开始反攻倒算，于是他就率众兄弟到深山中打游击，在袭击了几次敌人的据点，炸了一次火车后，意气开始消沉，变成了一个鼠目寸光的酒鬼和胆小鬼。他得悉了乔丹的来意，就提出了他所谓的狐狸的原则：要在一个地区待得下去，就只能到别的地区去活动，不然会有被敌人赶走的可能。当巴勃罗对乔丹的到来明显地感到不满和敌意，甚至摆出不合作的态度时，安塞尔莫狂怒尖锐地指责巴勃罗，指出巴勃罗怯懦的“狐狸原则”，而声称“我们需要的是狼。”作为一个忠诚的卫士，安塞尔莫维护的是乔丹，这不在于乔丹的爆破和实战经验超过他，而在于乔丹是马德里的最高军事机关派来的。在这小山区里，乔丹就成了共和国的代表和化身，安塞尔莫维护乔丹，实际上是在维护西班牙和共和国，维护祖国的正义事业。他不认得字，但他的立场却极为鲜明而坚定。在罗特·乔丹三天的活动中，安尔莫没有花言巧语，在行动上极其忠实于乔丹，当游击队中的人动摇、当游击队出现波折时、当游击队出现叛徒时，在人心不稳的情况下，安塞尔莫依然坚决执行已定的炸桥计划，没有丝毫的更改和动摇，甚至在内心也没有更多的犹豫。巴勃罗在炸桥前几次反覆甚至是破坏；皮拉尔也为炸桥的危险而烦恼，甚至于突然向乔丹爆发神经质的责骂，聋子虽然接受了乔丹所给予的任务，但内心也知道怎样的结局，游击队的人们都在为炸桥后自己的生死和出路担心时，安塞尔莫似乎毫不在意任务的危险，关于这一任务，关于乔丹的命令，安塞尔莫只有一种反应：无条件执行。当游击队的人们多少有各自的想法

时，安塞尔莫却一直在外奔波、侦察。《丧钟为谁而鸣》中除了开头有他的部分描写和侦察的描写外，其它地方很少对他有大段描写和大规模展现，他是一个行动者，一个没有花花外衣的朴素的战斗者。

安塞尔莫忠诚于乔丹，是乔丹的忠实助手，同时也是乔丹的好参谋，安塞尔莫是个勇敢的战斗者，也是经验丰富的睿智老人，他凭借猎人的锐利眼睛，敏锐地感受一切，分析一切，他为乔丹分析每个人的情况，这种分析恰恰是被以后的事实证明了的。安塞尔莫是一个智慧的标准，他的行为本身就体现着这种标准。他不仅仅是一个真正的战斗者，同时也是思考的老人，他认为杀人仅仅是争取胜利的一种手段，他心中明白，为了胜利必须杀人，这是战争的必然性。但杀人不是目的，也不是嗜好，尤其是象巴勃罗那样残暴地杀人。在安塞尔莫老人看来，杀人和打赢战争完全不是一回事，应该打赢战争，而不能一味地去杀人。作为一个战斗者，安塞尔莫不得不去杀人，而且为自己杀人而深感内疚，作为一个慈善的人，安塞尔莫不喜欢杀任何人，他认为，杀人最终解决不了任何问题，而且杀人只能会播下仇恨的种子，会引向更大的杀戮，他说：“我连主教也不想杀，我也不想杀哪个财主老板，我要叫他们后半辈子像我们一样，天天在地里干，像我们一样在山里砍树。他们这样才会明白，人生在世该干些啥。让他们睡我们睡的地方。让他们吃我们吃的东西。不过顶要紧的是让他们千活。这样他们就会得到教训了。”他认为即使在胜利之后也不能杀人，而是要用劳动改造敌人，这是安塞尔莫人性思想的体现。从意识方面来看，安塞尔莫是《丧钟为谁而鸣》中体现出来的“人性标准”。

在《丧钟为谁而鸣》中，海明威以独特的风格、简洁的文体和生动明快的语言着力刻画了主人公罗伯特·乔丹、游击队队员的安塞尔莫、皮拉尔、玛丽亚和巴勃罗，这个四个人物和乔丹构成密切的关系。以罗伯特·乔丹为核心和支点，支撑起众多人物，犹如一个大树的主干，支撑起了天一样，这种支撑，即是《丧钟为谁而鸣》的人物结构方式，同样也是它的主题表达方式。这正是《丧钟为谁而鸣》中游击队正面描写的人物形象的格局，同时也是整部作品的核心格局。