二○一一 ~二○一二学年第 二 学期
信息科学与工程学院
课程设计报告书
班 级: 电技1004
学 号: 201012135162
姓 名: 张泽霖
一、需求分析
设计题目:
运用C中有关链表及外部文件的内容,设计学生成绩管理系统。
设计要求:
① 建立学生信息,信息至少包含学号、姓名、专业、班级、5门课程的成绩;
② 能够提供添加、删除和修改学生信息的功能;
③ 能够提供按不同方式查询的功能;如按姓名或学号等查询学生相关信息;
④ 能否按照指定需求对学生信息排序。如按指定课程成绩或者按总成绩排序等
⑤ 将学生信息保存在外部文件中;
⑥ 能够按表格方式输出学生信息。
系统功能需求分析:
① 为实现输入学生成绩的目标,需定义一个结构体类。
② 分别建立具有添加、删除、修改、查询等功能的子函数,完成相应功能,对程序实现模块化。这其中要用到对链表的插入、遍历等知识。插入时也要先找到相应结点,再添加。
③ 为实现存储读取功能,需用到文件的相关函数。
二、概要设计
系统总体设计框架:
对程序进行模块化,定义结构体变量和各个子函数来完成所需要的功能和界面。从主函数开始执行,调用各个子函数达成目标。
三、详细设计
1. 定义*定义结构体数组用于缓存数据。
2. 写菜单选择函数,输入函数,查找记录函数,删除记录函数,排序函数,,插入记录函数,保存数据函数,文件读取函数来完成所需要的功能。
3. 定义main函数,写出函数主体。
四、源程序
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#define LEN sizeof(STUDENT)
typedef struct stu
{
char num[6];
char name[5];
int score[3];
int sum;
float average;
int order;
struct stu *next;
}STUDENT;
STUDENT *Init()
{
return NULL;
}
int Menu_Select()
{
int n;
struct tm *pt;
time_t t;
t=time(NULL);
pt=localtime(&t);
printf("\n按任一键进入主菜单...... \n");
system("pause");
system("cls");
printf("********************************************************************************\n");
printf("\t\t 欢迎 Welcome to\n");
printf("\n\t\t\t 使用学生管理系统1.0\n");
printf("*************************************MENU***************************************\n");
printf("\t\t\t1. 输入学生成绩记录 Enter the record\n");
printf("\t\t\t2. 显示 Print the record\n");
printf("\t\t\t4. 删除 Delete a record\n");
printf("\t\t\t5. 排序 Sort to make New a file\n");
printf("\t\t\t6. 插入 Insert record to list\n");
printf("\t\t\t7. 保存 Save the file\n");
printf("\t\t\t8. 读取 Load the file\n");
printf("\t\t\t9. 退出 Quit\n");
printf("\n********************************************************************************\n");
printf("\t\t\t\t当前系统日期:%d-%d-%d\n",pt->tm_year+1900,pt->tm_mon+1,pt->tm_mday);
do
{
printf("\n\t\t\t输入你的选择Enter your choice(1~9):");
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%d",&n);
}while(n<1||n>9);
return(n);
}
STUDENT *Create()
{
int i,s;
STUDENT *head=NULL,*p;
system("cls");
for(;;)
{
p=(STUDENT *)malloc(LEN);
if(!p)
{
printf("\n输出内存溢出. Out of memory.");
return (head);
}
printf("输入学号Enter the num(0:list end):");
scanf("%s",p->num);
if(p->num[0]=='0') break;
printf("输入名字Enter the name:");
scanf("%s",p->name);
printf("请输入3门成绩Please enter the %d scores\n",3);
s=0;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
do
{
printf("成绩score%d:",i+1);
scanf("%d",&p->score[i]);
if(p->score[i]<0 || p->score[i]>100)
printf("数据错误,请重新输入 Data error,please enter again.\n");
}while(p->score[i]<0 || p->score[i]>100);
s=s+p->score[i];
}
p->sum=s;
p->average=(float)s/3;
p->order=0;
p->next=head;
head=p;
}
return(head);
}
void Print(STUDENT *head)
{
int i=0;
STUDENT *p;
system("cls");
p=head;
printf("\n************************************STUDENT************************************\n");
printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("| Rec | Num | Name | Sc1 | Sc2 | Sc3 | Sum | Ave | Order |\n");
printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
while(p!=NULL)
{
i++;
printf("| %3d | %4s | %-4s | %3d | %3d | %3d | %3d | %4.2f | %-5d|\n",
i, p->num,p->name,p->score[0],p->score[1],p->score[2],p->sum,p->average,p->order);
p=p->next;
}
printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("**************************************END**************************************\n");
}
void Search(STUDENT *head)
{
STUDENT *p;
char s[5];
system("cls");
printf("请输入个姓名来查找. Please enter name for searching.\n");
scanf("%s",s);
p=head;
while(strcmp(p->name,s) && p != NULL)
p=p->next;
if(p!=NULL)
{
printf("\n*************************************FOUND************************************\n");
printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("| Num | Name | sc1 | sc2 | sc3 | Sum | Ave | Order |\n");
printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("| %4s | %4s | %3d | %3d | %3d | %3d | %4.2f | %-5d|\n",
p->num,p->name,p->score[0],p->score[1],p->score[2],p->sum,p->average,p->order);
printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("***************************************END**************************************\n");
}
else
printf("\n没有该学生 There is no num %s student on the list.\n",s);
}
STUDENT *Delete(STUDENT *head)
{
STUDENT *p1,*p2;
char c,s[6];
system("cls");
printf("请输入要删除的学号 Please enter the Deleted num: ");
scanf("%s",s);
p1=p2=head;
while(strcmp(p1->num,s) && p1 != NULL)
{
p2=p1;
p1=p1->next;
}
if(strcmp(p1->num,s)==0)
{
printf("**************************************FOUND************************************\n");
printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("| Num | Name | sc1 | sc2 | sc3 | Sum | Ave | Order |\n");
printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("| %4s | %4s | %3d | %3d | %3d | %3d | %4.2f | %-5d|\n",
p1->num,p1->name,p1->score[0],p1->score[1],p1->score[2],p1->sum,p1->average,p1->order);
printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("***************************************END**************************************\n");
printf("\n是否要删除,输入Y删除,N则退出\nAre you sure to Delete the student Y/N ?");
for(;;)
{
scanf("%c",&c);
if(c=='n'||c=='N') break;
if(c=='y'||c=='Y')
{
if(p1==head)
head=p1->next;
else
p2->next=p1->next;
printf("\n学号为(Num): %s 学生以被删除(student have been Deleted.)\n",s);
printf("别忘了保存. Don't forget to Save.\n");break;
}
}
}
else
printf("\n没有这个学生在表上\nThere is no num %s student on the list.\n",s);
return(head);
}
STUDENT *Sort(STUDENT *head)
{
int i=0;
STUDENT *p1,*p2,*t,*temp;
temp=head->next;
head->next=NULL;
while(temp!=NULL)
{
t=temp;
temp=temp->next;
p1=head;
p2=head;
while(t->average<p1->average&&p1!=NULL)
{
p2=p1;
p1=p1->next;
}
if(p1==p2)
{
t->next=p1;
head=t;
}
else
{
t->next=p1;
p2->next=t;
}
}
p1=head;
while(p1!=NULL)
{
i++;
p1->order=i;
p1=p1->next;
}
printf("排序成功 Sorting is sucessful.\n");
return (head);
}
STUDENT *Insert(STUDENT *head,STUDENT *New)
{
STUDENT *p0,*p1,*p2;
int sum1,i;
p1=head;
p0=New;
printf("\nPlease enter a New record.\n");
printf("输入学号Enter the num:");
scanf("%s",New->num);
printf("输入名字Enter the name:");
scanf("%s",New->name);
printf("Please enter the %d scores.\n",3);
sum1=0;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
do
{
printf("成绩score%d:",i+1);
scanf("%d",&New->score[i]);
if(New->score[i]>100||New->score[i]<0)
printf("数据错误Data error,please enter again.\n");
}while(New->score[i]>100||New->score[i]<0);
sum1=sum1+New->score[i];
}
New->sum=sum1;
New->average=(float)sum1/3;
New->order=0;
if(head==NULL)
{
head=p0;
p0->next=NULL;
}
else
{
while((p0->average<p1->average)&&(p1->next!=NULL))
{
p2=p1;
p1=p1->next;
}
if(p0->average>=p1->average)
{
if(head==p1)head=p0;
else p2->next=p0;
p0->next=p1;
}
else
{
p1->next=p0;
p0->next=NULL;
}
}
head=Sort(head);
printf("\n学生Student %s 已被更新have been inserted.\n",New->name);
printf("不要忘了保存Don't forget to Save the New file.\n");
return(head);
}
void Save(STUDENT *head)
{
FILE *fp;
STUDENT *p;
char outfile[10];
printf("输出文件例如:c:\\score Enter outfile name,for example c:\\score\n");
scanf("%s",outfile);
if((fp=fopen(outfile,"w"))==NULL)
{
printf("打不开文件Cannot open the file\n");
return;
}
printf("\n保存中...Saving the file......\n");
p=head;
while(p!=NULL)
{
fwrite(p,LEN,1,fp);
p=p->next;
}
fclose(fp);
printf("保存成功....Save the file successfully!\n");
}
STUDENT *Load()
{
STUDENT *p1,*p2,*head=NULL;
FILE *fp;
char infile[10];
printf("倒入文件例如:c:\\score Enter infile name,for example c:\\score\n");
scanf("%s",infile);
if((fp=fopen(infile,"r"))==NULL)
{
printf("打不开文件Can not open the file.\n");
return(head);
}
printf("\n寻找文件...Loading the file!\n");
p1=(STUDENT *)malloc(LEN);
if(!p1)
{
printf("内存溢出!Out of memory!\n");
return(head);
}
head=p1;
while(!feof(fp))
{
if(fread(p1,LEN,1,fp)!=1) break;
p1->next=(STUDENT *)malloc(LEN);
if(!p1->next)
{
printf("Out of memory!\n");
return (head);
}
p2=p1;
p1=p1->next;
}
p2->next=NULL;
fclose(fp);
printf("\n你成功的从文件中读取了数据!\nYou have success to read data from the file!\n");
return (head);
}
int main()
{
STUDENT *head,New;
head=Init();
for(;;)
{
switch(Menu_Select())
{
case 1:head=Create();break;
case 2:Print(head);break;
case 3:Search(head);break;
case 4:head=Delete(head);break;
case 5:head=Sort(head);break;
case 6:head=Insert(head,&New);break;
case 7:Save(head);break;
case 8:head=Load(); break;
case 9:exit(0);
}
}
return 0;
}
五、调试分析过程描述
出错现象:写switch语句时没再case的末尾加上break,导致程序一直向下执行。
解决方法:在switch语句的每个case之后加上break,使程序在运行之后可以完美退出而不影响后面的结果。
六、课程设计小结
通过对这一课题的设计和实现,我对VC有了更深一步的了解,对VC的工作界面更加熟悉,并且通过这样的了解成功编出可正确执行的C程序,大大增加了学习VC的兴趣。