High school physics exploration of autonomous learning
Cao Guoying
From: "qufu hkied middle school"
A, problem is put forward
"Student development" as the core, the basic idea of the teaching should include: to promote the students' learning and development is the fundamental purpose of teaching, also is the only measure of teaching effectiveness; To inspire and mobilize students' learning initiative and enthusiasm and self-consciousness is the starting point and foundation of teaching; Provide and create appropriate teaching conditions, make students form effective learning, is the essence and core of teaching. The basic idea is the essence of autonomous learning. Students' autonomous learning in classroom teaching, is refers to the students in the teachers' scientific guidance, through the motile creative learning activities, realize the autonomy development. Teachers' scientific guidance is precondition and leading; Students are the main body of education, the main body of learning; Motile creative learning is the center of the education teaching activities, is the basic way of education and way; Realize the autonomous development is the purpose of education teaching activities, all education is the basic requirement of teaching activities.
As a kind of learning mode, "autonomous learning" can give full play to students' learning initiative and creativity, causes the student to obtain knowledge, and acquire knowledge at the same time, the development of learning ability and the ability to solve the problem. As a kind of teaching method, "autonomous learning" can effectively change the teacher speak, students listen "of the traditional teaching mode, teachers from" knowledge "into a" knowledge exploration of navigator ".
Second, the teaching practice
The autonomous learning mode before class, class, after class three organically combined as a whole. The basic idea of the teaching as follows:
Preview before class is the basis of the implementation of "autonomous learning", is one of the important space of students' autonomous learning. Class activities are based on the preview, make the classroom students and students, between students and teachers in consultation, discussion and cooperation, in order to solve those students alone cannot solve the problem. Layered after class is to make students learn something different levels of security.
1. Preview before class
Preview is a part of the whole teaching process, should be the preview into the teachers' teaching design, according to the different contents of teaching material, prepare can adopt different ways.
(1) the job card
The prelab assignment paper is divided into two parts as shown on the left side of the homework, the right to "feedback" problem. Job card mode is commonly used in more difficult to understand the teaching content, give students some time to explore independently. General requirements:
According to preview class content and time relationship, job card to pay in advance and class random checks in two ways. Time permitting use pay way in advance as far as possible; Time does not allow, arrange students to teachers is generally in selectiving examination in class after class activities, and students in the process of patrol communicate face to face.
(2) check card
Together, the problem of a few targeted basic make check (paper) card, in the form of a class to students, time independent solutions. This method is suitable for the periodic inspection, in terms of senior physics teaching about two weeks to make an advisable. Can be used after a closed and patrol inspection in two ways. Now to students experimental example to verify the law of conservation of momentum to do a show.
Examine the content of the card: (check card (2) - (4) the topic a few error is revised the experimental steps)
Which of the following equipment, is the need to use in this study ()
A. balance and scale b. white paper and carbon paper
C. two ball radius of the same quality but different d. chute and a heavy hammer
(2) which of the following is wrong ()
A. measure the quality of the two balls, each in balance
B. fix the chute on the table, make the slot at the end of the point of the tangent is horizontal
C. a touch on the front small pillars of spheres in chute, adjust experimental apparatus, makes the ball when the collision in the same height
D. in the ground with a piece of carbon paper, carbon paper put on white paper
(3) is correct in the following ()
A. on A blank sheet of paper to write down the heavy hammer referred to in line position O
B. not to put on the first is to touch the ball, let the incoming ball rolling down a high from the chute, commutation height, repeat 10 times, small round all the small ball placement as possible circle inside. The center of the circle is small ball placement of average position
C. is to touch the ball on the small pillar, the incoming balls from the height of the original push, let they collide. Repeat the experiment 10 times. Find two ball placement, the average position
D. experiments, accidentally spread of white paper on the ground mobile location, it's experimental allowed, can continue to experiment
Enter the laboratory at the beginning of class, send check card to the student, time limit for 5 minutes, five minutes later they think good answer and to operate the experiment of some students, the check card on the desktop, start the experiment. Students have doubt or think they answer is not accurate to teachers hands, teachers carry out inspection, timely guidance. To prepare work is done bad students verbal criticism and request and encourage him to do a good job in preparation before class next time. The common problems found during a tour, the teacher in class when the summary timely summary.
(3) interactive way
The student thesis, the proposition made by card (paper). This way the general applicable to review chapter, section or recitation. Proposition can be mature solution to the problem, the solution to write on the back of the card; Can also be won't do yourself. Class nearby classmates exchange CARDS, do each other CARDS, after doing the self-assessment, mutual; According to the class situation again and choose other classmate mutual exchange. Through communicate with each other, realize multidirectional interaction. Teachers choose typical problems made CARDS, write on the back of the reference solution. Class, the teacher can tour guide; Card may also be involved in the students, teachers and students interaction. Card to the teacher and the teacher finally to make a summary; For a variety of student card, the teacher wants to make a comment.
(4) the discussion way
To integrate theory with practice, reading materials, the problem of the content of the mark "*", can be used for discussion. The way teachers only preview content is put forward, through the preparation, students' questioning, to class for discussion. Discussion group and class discussions can be used in two ways. Discussion, is a teacher, students 1-2-3 students... Teachers, through the multipoint. Do summary discussion result by the students, the teacher to do review.
2. The class activities
In the process of classroom teaching, to show the preview after understanding, error correction, questioning and reflection on the integrity of the cognitive process and truly reflect the students' subjectivity and autonomy. In total the basic link below.
(1) scene import
Professor Yang zhenning said: is the real secret of success. And lead the students into physical scene, is one of the important channels to stimulate students interest. Students have a preview, course content the original mystery was greatly weakened, and the existence question and the production application instances in life have a strong thirst for knowledge. Interest factors of teaching material, teachers must be good at mining with vivid examples or students doubt increase the freshness of teaching, arouse students' thirst for knowledge, with novel and varied teaching methods, to bring students into a lively and interesting physical situation.
(2) communication
After students prepare for the same content can have different self understanding, through multi-exchange, fully reflect the students learning situation. In the process of information communication, teachers should make efforts to build democracy, equality, loose, harmonious classroom atmosphere, let the multi-dimensional information circulation, enabling students to participate in, have the courage to participate in, active participation. Here, the teacher is the student information exchange partners, guide.
(3) the independent question, correct guidance
Einstein once said: a question is often more important than to solve the problem. Students in the learning process, there will be such, that can't understand, think impassability, this is very normal. Teachers should encourage students to bold exposure in the heart of doubt, confusion, because the comment is one of the important forms of students' autonomous learning. Student bold question, the teacher should always to appreciate the attitude of students, even students question naive, bizarre, even bizarre, also cannot have any blame, blame, bored expression, to form a loose, harmonious question environment. The student bold question, the teacher should pay attention to the correct guidance, must be good at guiding students to solve the problem, give students create independent participation opportunities; Must be good at guiding the other students, students to voice their opinions, can communicate with each other, promote each other, complement each other, still can enhance cooperation consciousness.
(4) independent inductive
Let the students in this class content, inductive knowledge, summarizes the method and experience. To guide students to think and formation of context in your mind, when necessary to write a summary. Timely review of memory is not clear; Keep records of new problem (repeat); What questions remain for clarification in a timely manner. Each class to do so, every day to harvest. Last, self-confidence will be strengthened, and the ability to solve the problem will be improved, their intellectual potential will be constantly digging.
(5) independent evaluation
According to the specific content of the course, independent evaluation respectively using the following three ways:
(1) to prepare do exercises, their own independent. This process for the renew process, through comparing the deviations in understanding the original, to adjust;
(2) in close to the end of the new lesson, the teacher carefully screening reflects the teaching goal to get the class period to finish the exercises. After target detection or classroom discussion, or someone, before and after each batch of mutual change, or independent evaluation. In this way, the information feedback in time, can improve the enthusiasm of students learning is lightened the burden of students' extracurricular can reduce teachers' extracurricular rework again;
(3) optional reference books on problem sets, self-test of self-evaluation.
Student learning can't be smooth sailing, the evaluation of students' feedback, will surely reflect has been estimated to and unexpected problems, teachers should give timely guidance and help.
3. After class stratification
Study on spare capacity of students, guiding them to read some extracurricular books, broaden the knowledge. Inspire them to do some extracurricular experiment, pay attention to the research ideas and methods to solve the problem of physical, can also carry out some research and can also do some difficult questions appropriately. Encourage them to take an active part in the school of physics competition group, physical activity group and so on.
For most students, we should give them the right amount of homework, with "jump jump to the" for fundamental key, this is an effective means to arouse the enthusiasm of their learning. Give them the necessary independent space and to put forward specific requirements. Because learning is not only enjoyable activities, but also to pay hard work to get to the glorious destination of a journey.
Students do have difficulty in learning, encouraging is the key to open the door of the students into the knowledge, teachers should considerate take care of them everywhere, and they get along in arouse their learning enthusiasm, develop the confidence to learn physics well. Enthusiastic, actively for their individual coaching, follow-up education. To start from every little bit, such as "1/2 + 1/2 = 1/4", "the Fs = m / 2" error and patience to correct, not sarcasm. In addition to the teacher's tutorial, you can also use the power of the class, group one, a pair of red, what a help, full red, let the students teach and learn, promote each other.
Summarize the above practice process, flow chart of autonomous learning teaching mode is:
Through a semester to investigate the situation of students' learning and practice, are concluded as follows.
(1) the students from high school, quizzes, tests, the entrance examination for students, teachers, family pressure, so that the students used to the class "- the students listen to the teacher tells," class "complete homework to the teacher" the basic pattern. Formed in the course of students ", rely on, such as "bad habits, and objectively has contributed to some learning students" slug "thought, unconsciously when they encounter problems, often" in the hope of tomorrow ", "in the hope of teachers. To cultivate students' innovative spirit and practice ability of time request is out of proportion.
(2) students in autonomous learning mode is to have a adapt to the process. From the previous "absorption - storage - ii" to modern "exploration, seminars, create" is a tortuous development process, is not achieved overnight. Traditional concept of resistance, the pressure of social evaluation is still large, this is can be solved step by step, but it will affect the study effect. Teaching reform should follow the basic ideas of the low starting point, smaller steps, gradual.
(3) psychological needs is the main reason for the active participation of students learning activities. Teaching reform to adapt to the development of students, to carry out "based on students' development" ideas of education. When students basic adapted to autonomous learning, and compares it with traditional way of teaching, students actively, actively and consciously involved in the teaching reform; When students autonomous learning enthusiasm improved continuously, from knowledge to methods, from the ability to intelligence development has made significant progress, they will sincerely agree with you, support you.
(4) from the class, the students from the initial novelty, the medium-term to adapt and to gradually adapt to and even in the late response, autonomous learning is of great potential, strong vitality and broad prospects.
(5) since a semester formative test to analyze the condition of the pass rate, average score, T, T and junior rate increase damping (the rest of the class) has a relatively small amplitude increases, the best first down and then began to recover, it seems most of the students no matter what method of learning is a process of gradual development, but the staying power of the development of the students will have different effects.
