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20xx年成人高考专升本英语语法知识梳理代词

20xx年成人高考专升本《英语》语法知识梳理——代词

代词包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词及其用法。

一、人称代词

人称代词有第一、第二、第三人称和单数、复数之分，在句子中可以作主语和宾

语。英语中有下列人称代词：

在并列的主语或宾语中，I或me通常放在后面。如：

LipingandIareinchargeofthework.

Myfartherasksmysisterandmetohavedinnerwithhimtomorrow.

二、物主代词

物主代词有形容词型与名词型之分。形容词型物主代词在句子中作定语，名词型物主代词在句子中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语(接在of后面)。英语中有下列物主代词：

名词型的物主代词相当于形容词型的物主代词加上上文出现的名词。如： Mybagisyellow，his(hisbag)isblackandtheirs(theirbags)arebrown.

三、反身代词

反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。如：

Pleasehelpyourselftosometea.(宾语)

Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.(宾语)

I'llbemyselfagaininnotime.(表语)

Thedeskitselfisnotsoheavy.(同位语)

四、指示代词

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指示代词包括this，that，these，those和such，在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语等(such不作宾语)。

that和those有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数，以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用theone或thatone来代替。用theone的时候更多一些。如：

Thesemachinesarebetterthanthoseweturnedoutlastyear.生产

Theoiloutputofthisyearismuchhigherthanthatoflastyear.产量

ThebestwineisthatfromFrance.

Myroomislighterthantheonenextdoor.

I'lltaketheseatnexttotheonebythewindow.

Thefilmismorefunnythanthatone.

that可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要谈的事情。如：

Theyhavenotimetoreadthebooks.That'stheirtrouble.

Shewasillyesterday.That'swhyshewasabsent.

WhatIwanttosayisthis：PronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.

this和that有时还可以用来表示程度。如：

Idon'twantthatmuch.

Thebookisaboutthisthick.

五。疑问代词

疑问代词包括what，which，who，whom，whose，可以用来构成特殊疑问句，也可以引导名词从句。What，which，who在句子中作主语或宾语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。如：

Whichdoyouprefer，theyellowoneorthewhiteone?(宾语)

What'syoursister?(表语)

Themanwhoistalkingwithmymotherisanengineer.(引导定从句)

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Theoldmanwhosesonisstudyingabroadisourformaldeanofthedepartment.(引导定从句)

Idon'trememberwhomIhavelentmydictionaryto.(引导宾语从句)

疑问代词what，which，who，whom后面可以加ever来加重语气。如： Whoevercanbecallingatthistimeofthenight?谁这么深更半夜来找人?

I'llsaywhatevercomesintomyhead.

Takewhicheverbookyoulike.

六。不定代词

不定代词包括both，either，neither，all，none，no，one，each，every，few，afew，little，alittle，many，much，some，any，other，another，以及some，any，no，every构成的合成代词。

(一)both，either，neither

both表示“两者(都)”，either表示“(两者之中)任何一个”，neither表示“(两者之中)没有一个”。三个词在句子中都可以作主语、宾语、定语，both还可以作同位语。

Mysisterisgoodatplanninghertimesothatshealwayshasenoughtimeforbothworkandplay.(begoodat擅长做某事)

Neitheroftheanswersisright.

Eitherofthebooksbelongstoyou.

YouandIarebothtoblame.

Youbothagreedtostay.

Both放在实意动词前，系动词be的后面。

(二)all，none，no，one

all和none用于三者以上的场合，分别表示“全部都”和“一个都没有”，none往往与of连用。

Allofusarefondofsports.(befondof爱好)

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Weareallforhim.(beforsb支持某人)

Graspall，loseall.什么都抓，什么都抓不住。(谚)

Noneofthemknowhowtoreadandwrite.

Noneofthemhashadthatkindofexperience.

no表示“没有”，在句子中只能作定语，相当于nota或notany，not否定动词，no否定名词。

Timeandtidewaitfornoman.岁月不等人。(谚)

I'mnodancer.(I'mnotadancer.)

one指代上文提到的人或物，前面可以加定冠词，可以有自己的定语，还可以有复数形式。

Youranswerisagoodone.

Idon'tlikecolouredenvelopes.Ilikewhiteones.

(三)each，every

each和every表示“每一个”，every在句子中只能作定语，each可以作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。

Theheadmastershookhandswitheachoftheteacher.(shakehandswith握手)

Thestudentstrytosetasidealittlemoneyeachmonth.(setaside节约)

Fromeachaccordingtohisability，toeachaccordingtohisneeds(work)。各尽所能，按需分配。

Ihaveeveryreasontobelievethatshecanfinishthejobwell.

Thereiseverypossibilityofourwinningthegame.

every还常用在everylittlewhile(每隔一会)，everyotherday，everythreedays(每隔两天)，everytenmiles(每隔十英里)，everynowandthen(不时)，everyfouryears，everyotherline，oneoutofeverythreestudents.

(四)few，afew，little，alittle，many，much

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few，afew，many修饰或指代可数名词，little，alittle，much修饰或指代不可数名词。few，little表示否定，afew，alittle表示肯定，much常用于否定句中。 Manyhandsmakelightwork.人多好办事。(谚)

Fewwordsarebest.话少最好。(谚)

Theydon'ttakemuchinterestinit.

Iknowlittleaboutit.

There'salittlewaterleftinthejar.

FewofthemhavebeentoIndia.

I'vereadafewbookswrittenbyDickens.

(五)other，theother，others，theothers，another

Fortypeoplecametothemeeting.TwoofthemwerefromJapan，

theothersfromAmerica.

Manypeoplecametoattendthemeeting.SomewerefromJapan，

otherswerefromAmerica.

TheUnitedStates，unlikemanyothercountries，

receivesalargenumberofimmigrantseveryyearfromallovertheworld.

Thetwinsistersaresoalikethatwefinditdifficulttotellonefromtheother.(so……that如此以至于tellsb.from区分)

Thetaskwillbefinishedinanotherthreedays.

Fourofthemareintheclassroom.Whatabouttheothers?

Pleasegivemeanotherexampletoillustrateyourpoint.

七、it的用法

2.作句子的形式主语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。

Ittookmefiveminutestofinishreadingtheexercise.

Itcostmefiveyuantobuythepen.

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ThecolorTVsetcostsmemorethan2，000yuan.

Ispenttenhoursinfinishingthework.

Ispenttwentyyuanontheshirt.

Itisnousecryingnow.You'dbetterstudyhardnow.(itisnousedoingsth.)

Tohissurprise，itturnedoutthatTomfailedtheentranceexamination.(toone'ssurprise使某人感到惊奇)

It'sapitythatyoudidn'twatchthematch.

Itisnecessaryforustohavesomeexerciseeveryday.

3.作句子的形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。

Theyallregardittheirdutytohelpthepoorpeople.

Idon'tthinkitworthwhiletakingsomuchtrouble.(It'sworthwhiledoing.做……事是值得的)

WefinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwithoutpracticing.

Idon'tthinkitveryimportantthatweshouldtakepartinthediscussion.(takepartin参加)

4.构成强调句型。当强调的部分是主语，并且主语是人时，句型中的that也可以换作who.

强调句基本构成itisthat…

Itisintheroomthatwemeteachotherforthefirsttime.

Itwasnotuntil1936thatbasketballbecameapartoftheOlympicGames.(notuntil直到……才)

Itwastheywhoattendedthemeetinglastweek.

ItisbecausethebookissousefulformyworkthatIboughtit.

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第二篇：20xx年成人高考专升本英语语法知识梳理介词

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20xx年成人高考专升本英语语法知识梳理介词

常用介词用法：

1.across(穿过)Mymotherlivesacrossthestreet.

Icameacrosshimyesterday.(comeacross偶然遇到)

Thepostofficeisjustacrossthestreet.

2.after(在……之后)

Thegirlisnamedafterhermother.

(nameafter以……命名)

Rewritethesentencesafterthemodel.(模仿，仿照)

3.against(反对)Whatyouaredoingisagainsttherule.

Weareagainsttheproposal.(beagainst反对)

Nobodyhasgotanythingagainstyou.

4.along(沿着)TheywalkedalongNanjingRoad.

Thereisacinemaalongthestreet.I'mgettingalongwellwithmyclassmates.

5.around(围绕)Wealldrewupcloselyaroundhim.

Theguideshowedusaroundthecity.

(showsb.around领某人参观)

6.at(在……)Let'smeetatthestation.

Shewasataconference.

Thecommitteeistomeetattheweekend.Hejoinedupateighteen.(joinup参军) Whatareyoulaughingat?(laughat嘲笑)

Mymotherwassurprisedatthenews.(besurprisedat吃惊)Heisgoodatdrawing.

7.before(在……之前)

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Don'tputthecartbeforethehorse.不要本末倒置。

Pridecomesbeforeafall.骄傲就会摔跤。Beforestartingthework，

wehadadiscussion.

Beforelong，thewarbrokeout.(breakout爆发)

Iboughtthebookthedaybeforeyesterday.

8.besides(除…之外还)Therearesixstudentsintheclassroombesidesme.

Besidesfunandgoodexercise，swimmingisaveryusefulskill.

9.between(在……之间)Comebetweentenandeleveno'clock.

Theydon'tknowthedifferencebetweenwheatandoats.

(among用于三者或三者以上)What'sthedifferencebetweenthem?

10.beyond(在……之外)

Thelakeisbeyondthatmountain.Don'tgobeyondthecityboundary.(gobeyond超过) It'sexpensiveandbeyondourreach.

Thecityisbeyondrecognition.(beyondrecognition面目全非)

Theproblemistoodifficult.It'sbeyondme.

Thisisinevitableandbeyondalldoubts.这是必然的，毫无疑义的。

11.but(除…之外)Whobutafoolwoulddosuchathing?

Ihavenothingbutabookinmyhand.I'mthelastbutonetogethere.

12.by(经过)Shepassedbymewithoutsayinggoodbyetome.

Thewomanisstandingbythedoor.Bythetimewegottothestation，thetrainhadleft. Bytheendoftheyear，wehavetrained400people.

Icameherebytaxi.(bybus，byplane，byship，onfoot)

Thegirlisn'tanactressbyprofession.(actor男演员)What'sthetimebyyourwatch? Consumergoodsproductionwillgoupby6%thisyear.

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Imethimbychanceyesterday.(bychance偶尔碰到)

Weallhavetoabidebytherules.(abideby遵守)

Inordertopasstheexam，wehavetolearnthetextsbyheart.

Attheageoftenshebegantolivebyherself.(byoneself独自)

13.except(除去)Noneofushaveseenthefilmexceptmysister.

HecomestoschooleverydayexceptSaturday.

Sheisaloneintheworldexceptforhermother.

14.for(为了)

Thankyouforspendingsomuchtimelisteningtomeexplain.

Thankyouforspendingsomuchtimelisteningtomyexplanation. Forgivemeforbeinglate.(表原因)I'msorryforwhathashappened. Thecoatisforsale.(forsale出售)

Wheneversheisintrouble，she'llturntoherparentsforhelp.

(beintrouble处在困难之中turnto向某人求助)

WeleftBeijingforShanghailastweek.(leave…for…动身去)

Isoldtheflatfor100，000yuan.(flat，apartment公寓，house别墅，) Howmuchdoyoupayforthecoat?(payfor付款)

Idothisallforyourgood.(forone'sgood为了某人好)

Theydothisforthesakeoftheirmother.(forthesakeof因为)

15.from(来自……)We'velearntalotfromourteacher.

Theyarebusyfrommorningtonight.(from……to……从……到……) Theletterisfromyourparents.Ihavebeenawayfromhomeforalongtime. (beawayfromhome离开家)

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Thefilmwesawyesterdaywasdifferentfromthenovel.

(bedifferentfrom与……不同，differfrom)

Thewineismadefromthebestgrapes.

makefrom化学变化makeof物理变化Thedeskismadeofwood.

makesth.up由……组成

Animalbodiesaremadeupofcells.

Societyismadeupofpeopleofwidelydifferingabilities.

makewithsth.迅速拿出或提供某物Makewiththebeers，buster.伙计，拿啤酒来。 makefor为……做……Shemadecoffeeforallofus.

Millionsofpeoplearesufferingfromthewar.(sufferfrom遭受)

Heisweakfromlackofsleep.(lackof缺乏)

Itrytopreventthemfromdoingthework，butinvain.

(preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事)(invain毫无作用，徒劳)

Thesituationisgettingfrombadtoworse.Theguestistalkingfrombeginningtotheend.

16.in(在……里)We'llbebackinthreedays.

(Hecamebackthreedaysago.)

Doyouworkinthedaytimeoratnight?

We'llbebackinnotime.(innotime立刻，马上)

Heisalwaysinagoodmood.(inagoodmood情绪很好inabadmood情绪很糟)

Ihavenodifficulty/troubleinsolvingtheproblem.(nodifficultyindoingsth.没有困难) Didyouhaveanydifficultyinfindingthehotel?

Theyhavedoneitinawrongway.(inawrongway错误的方式)

Theyacceptedtheplaninprinciple.(inprinciple原则上)

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17.into(进入)Let'sgointotheroom.Iworkedfarintothenight.

Thehousehasbeenturnedintoamuseum.(turninto变成)

Wemustputthesetheoriesintopractice.

Theyallburstintolaughter.(burstinto爆发)

Atthenews，mysisterburstintotears.(burstintotears放声大哭)

Iranintomyformerclassmateatthestation.Wehaven'tseeneachotherforalongtime. (runinto偶然碰到，偶然遇到)

18.like(像……)Helikesitsmother.他喜欢他的母亲。

Thebabylookslikeitsmother.Itlookslikesnow.

What'stheweatherliketoday?Idon'tfeellikeeatinganything.Whatdoesitlook(taste)like?

19.of(……的)HaveyougottheCompleteWorksofLuHsun?

We'reofthesameopinion.(beof赞同)

Electricityisofgreatuseinindustryandeverydaylife.(beofuse=beuseful)

Yourhelpisofgreatvaluetous.(beofvalue=bevaluable)

Ioftenthinkofthedayswespenttogether.(thinkof想起)

Ireaditquitebychanceinamagazine.(bychance偶然)

It'sverykindofyoutoremindmeofit.(remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事)

ThepictureremindsmeofthetimewespenttogetherinDalian.

We'reproudofourson.(beproudof以……为骄傲)

Thelittleboyisafraidofdogs.(beafraidof害怕)It'sjustwasteoftime.

Heisashamedofhispast.(beashamedof羞耻，惭

愧)Thevillageisshortofwater.(beshortof缺少)

Idoalltheseofmyownwill.(ofone'sown出于某人的意愿)

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20.on(在……上)Youhitthenailonthehead.你这话击中了要害。

Putthebookontheshelf，please.

MymotherwasbornonApril14，1947.

(哪一年用in，具体到某一天用on)

HeleftBeijingforhomeonthemorningofJuly2.

(inthemorning，具体到某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on)

Ontheeveoftheirdeparture，theygaveafarewellbanquet.(ontheeveof在……前夕) WeusuallygetuplateonSundaymorning.Onhisreturnhetoldusaboutthemeeting. TheywillgoonavisittoAsia.(goonavisit=visit)

Heishereonbusiness.(beonbusiness做生意)

Theworkersattheairportisonstrike.(beonstrike罢工)

Whenwecameback，wefoundourhouseonfire.(onfire着火)

Theprofessorismakingaspeechonthecurrentsituation.(关于)

Thishouseisonsale.(onsale出售)Who'sondutytoday?

Thegirlinsistsonleavinghomeanddependsonherselfforaliving.

(insiston坚持dependon依靠，依赖)

21.outof(出于)

Lookingoutofthewindow，Isawagirlturnroundthecorner.

Mybrotherhasbeenoutofthehospitalforaweek.

(beoutofthehospital出院beinhospital住院)

Hediditoutofgratitudeforus.Wehelpedthepoorboyoutofsympathy.

Pleasegetoutoftheway.别挡道。

Allofuswereoutofbreathwhenwegottothetopofthemountain.(beoutofbreath气喘吁吁)

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22.since(自从)Theyhavebeenclosefriendssincechildhood.(从儿童时期他们就是好朋友)

We'vealwaysbeenonguardsincethen.(beonguard警惕)

23.through(通过、穿过)Thereisapaththroughthegarden.

I'vegonethroughthebook.(gothrough看过浏览过)

Shemusthavebeenthroughalot.(bethrough受罪)

Wequicklysawthroughhistrick.(seethrough看穿)

Howsoonwillyoubethrough?(bethrough打电话)

You'rethroughnow.你的电话接通了。

Hebegantolookthroughthealbum.(lookthrough翻阅)

Thecouplewentthroughmanyhardships.(gothrough经历)

24.toWe'llchangethedatetoJuly10.(to到什么时间)

Let'sdrinktoyourhealth.(drinkto为什么干杯)

Don'tleavethingstothelastmoment.(tothelastmoment到最后一刻)

You'reawfullynicetome.HainanliestothesouthofGuangdong.(lieon，liein) Tooursurprise，shegaveuptheopportunity.(toone'ssuuprise使某人感到惊奇giveup放弃)

Thefinalscoreis3：5inourfavor.

25.under(在……的下面)Theroadisunderrepair.(beunderrepair正在修理) Fromhere，wecanseethebridgeunderconstruction.

Scientistsbelievethattheywillgetweatherundercontrolsomeday.(undercontrol在控制之中)

Theunpopularmayorisunderconstantattackinthenewspapers.

26.with(和……)

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Whowasthatwithyou?你刚才和谁在一起?

Ourteacherisstrictwithus.(bestrictwithsb.对某人严格要求)

Myfatherisalwayspatientwithme.(bepatientwith对某人有耐心)

We'resatisfiedwithourwork.(besatisfiedwith对……满意)

We'refamiliarwitheachother.(befamililarwith熟悉similiarto相似)

Hereyeswerefilledwithtears.(befilledwith充满)

He'sinbedwithflu.Thegroundwascoveredwithsnow.

Thestreetiscrowdedwithpeople.(becrowdedwith拥挤)

Hewantedtokilltwobirdswithonestone.(一举两得)Thegirlgreetedmewithasmile. Theyoungmanwithglassesoverthereismybrother.

Ifoundtheplacewithgreatdifficulty.(withgreatdifficulty费很大劲)

It'shotoutside.HewasworkingtherewithonlyaT-shirton.

Thegirlwassittinginachairwithherhandsfolded.

介词考试重点：

除了要掌握介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配外，还需牢记一个基本点即，介词后面接的是宾语，因此跟在其后面的主要是代词、名词或动名词及其词组，间或是宾语从句。

①I'mlookingforward____youtomorrow.

A.toseeB.toseeingC.seeingD.seelookforwardtodoing答案B

②Ialwaysarriveattheofficeintime，but_______theheavyrain，

I'monehourlatethismorning.

A.becauseB.becauseofC.asD.sincebecause、as、since接句子答案B

③Thisweeklyschedulewillmakeyoumoreawareofhowyouspendyourtime.awareof意识到

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