20xx年考研英语（二）作文试题评析
一、小作文
47. Directions:
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to
1) briefly introduce the camp activities , and
2) call for volunteers .
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your name or the name of your university.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
20xx年考研英语（二）的小作文要求考生写一则启事，为夏令营招募志愿者。这道题与20xx年考研英语（一）考过的启事非常相似。
小作文首先讲究格式正确。从格式上说，一则启事包括四个部分：1）标题，写在启事上方的正中央；2）日期，写在标题右下方；3）正文，一般写三段；4）落款，写在正文之下中间偏右的位置。本文的落款可以写学生会。
就这则启事来说，正文的第一段可首先交代背景（大学将要为中学生举办一次夏令营），然后表明这则启事的目的 --- 招募志愿者。第二段简要介绍这次夏令营的活动。我们可以先指出这次夏令营的主题，然后列举出与该主题相关的一系列活动。第三段说明对志愿者的要求，如性格外向、有组织青少年活动的经验等，最后给出报名方式。下面请看范文：
Volunteers Needed
January 15, 2015
Our university is going to host a summer camp for high school students from July 1st to 7th, 2015. We would like to recruit ten volunteers for this event.
The theme of the summer camp is “Better environment, better life”. The camp will hold a variety of activities, such as attending lectures, visiting museums, hiking in the mountains, picking up trash on campus and a bonfire party.
You are welcome to join us. An outgoing personality and experience in
organizing teen activities are preferred. If you are interested, please send your resume to the e-mail address studentsunion@163.com.
Students’ Union (104 words)
二、大作文
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
20xx年考研英语（二）的大作文考的是图表作文，这也是20xx年以来一直采用的命题形式。图表一般都有标题，这为我们准确理解图表提供了重要线索。从这幅图表的标题中我们可以知道，它反映的是我国某市居民春节假期花销的比例。结合这幅饼形图我们可以看出：我国某市居民在春节期间花销最大的是新年礼物，占40%；其次是交通和聚会吃饭，各占20%；其他项目占20%。
考研图表作文以三段布局为宜。第一段简洁地描述图表。就本文而言，我们可以按照从大到小的顺序依次描述图表中的几个数据。在描述饼形图时会多次表达“占--- 比例”，要注意措辞变化，避免单调重复，比如可以选用account for，take up，occupy，comprise等。
第二段对图表的内容发表评论。分析原因一般是首选思路。就本文而言，我们可以分析中国某市居民在春节期间花销的不同比例的原因：首先，中国人注重礼尚往来，尤其是根据习俗，过年要给孩子压岁钱，所以春节期间最大的一笔开销就花在新年礼物上；其次，由于中国各地经济发展不平衡，很多内陆省份的年轻人在沿海城市工作，春节期间他们须长途跋涉才能与家人团聚，所以在交通上要花20%的钱；最后，中国人在春节期间经常和亲友一起团聚，所以在聚会吃饭上花的钱占20%。总之，分析原因只要能自圆其说即可。
文章行文至此，不可戛然而止。在分析了春节期间各种花销的原因之后，我们最好能预测一下该市居民在春节期间花销的未来发展趋势，这样文章才能意思圆满、结构完整。因此，我们还要设计出一个结尾段，指出中国人爱家庭、重感情，随着人们生活水平的提高和中国地区发展差距的缩小，中国人在新年礼物和聚会吃饭上花的钱会更多，但在交通上花的钱会更少。下面请看参考范文：
The pie chart indicates how people of a certain Chinese city spend their money during the Spring Festival: Gifts account for 40% of the expense, followed by feasts and fares, which take up 20% respectively, with other items occupying the last 20%.
It is customary for the Chinese to exchange gifts with other members of their family during the Spring Festival. The most common gifts are “lucky money” given to children. This explains why the largest share of the expense is gifts. Besides, millions of aspiring young people from underdeveloped inland provinces now pursue their dreams in coastal cities. They have to travel a long distance to join their family, entailing a fifth of the expense. The Lunar New Year is also a time for the extended family to dine together, so it is not a surprise that money spent on feasts comprises another fifth of the expenditure.
The Chinese are home-loving and affectionate. It can be predicted that people of this city will spend more money on gifts and feasts, but less on fares during the Spring Festival as their living standards improve and the regional development gap closes. (190 words)
语言亮点借鉴：
1. Gifts account for 40% of the expense, followed by feasts and fares, which take up
20% respectively, with other items occupying the last 20%. 礼物占开支的40%，接下来是宴会和车费，各占20%，其他项目占最后的20%。respectively adv.各自。with other items occupying the last 20%是一个独立主格结构，做状语，表示伴随状况。
2. It is customary for the Chinese to exchange gifts with other members of their family during the Spring Festival. 在春节期间家庭成员之间互赠礼物是中国人的习俗。customary adj. 合乎（或基于）习俗的。
3. lucky money，压岁钱。
4. Besides, millions of aspiring young people from underdeveloped inland provinces now pursue their dreams in coastal cities. 此外，如今成千上万来自不发达的内陆省份的年轻人胸怀抱负，在沿海城市追求自己的梦想。aspiring adj. 有抱负的。
5. They have to travel a long distance to join their family, entailing a fifth of the expense. 他们需要长途跋涉才能与家人团聚，这造成五分之一的开支。entailing a fifth of the expense是一个现在分词短语，做状语，表示结果。entail vt.导致，使成为必要。
6. The Lunar New Year is also a time for the extended family to dine together, so it is not a surprise that money spent on feasts comprises another fifth of the expenditure. 农历新年也是大家庭聚餐的时间，所以花在宴会上的钱自然就占了开支的另外五分之一。the extended family，大家庭，是相对于只包括父母和子女的小家庭（the nuclear family）而言的。
7. It can be predicted that people of this city will spend more money on gifts and feasts, but less on fares during the Spring Festival as their living standards improve and the regional development gap closes.可以预测，随着生活水平的提高和地区发展差距的缩小，人们在礼物和宴会上所花的钱会增加，在交通上所花的钱会减少。It can be predicted that --- 是结尾段中表达预测的一个常用句型。close vi. 缩小，亦可用narrow。
第二篇：20xx年考研英语(二)试题
20xx年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(课程)（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we .” bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after strangers can make you feel connected.
1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record
2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much
3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought
4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign
5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from
6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched
7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed
8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar
9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry
10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn
11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring
12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay
13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation
14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers
15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design
16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride
17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up
18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence
19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas
20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rare
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people?s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower
levels of stress at work than at home, ” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.
What the study doesn?t measure is whether people are still doing work when they?re at home,
whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the
blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it?s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
But it?s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they?re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the
division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they?re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all
electronic devices. Plus, they?re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.
So it?s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home_____
[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace
[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement
[C] generated more stress than the workplace
[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation
22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?
[A] Childless wives
[B] Working mothers
[C] Childless husbands
[D] Working fathers
23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____
[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office
[B] their home is also a place for kicking back
[C] there is often much housework left behind
[D] they are both bread winners and housewives
24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____
[A] skills
[B] energy
[C] earnings
[D] nutrition
25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____
[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment
[C] household tasks are generally more motivating
[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded
Text 2
For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a
parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,
suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent
of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation
students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.
Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.
Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ?rules of the game,? and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don?t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ?educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students? like them can improve.
26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______
[A] reduced their dropout rates
[B] narrowed the achievement gap
[C] missed its original purpose
[D] depressed college students
27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______
[A] the problem is solvable
[B] their approach is costless
[C] the recruiting rate has increased
[D] their finding appeal to students
28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______
[A] study at private universities
[B] are from single-parent families
[C] are in need of financial support
[D] have failed their collage
29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______
[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
[B] can have a potential influence on other students
[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______
[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class
[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
Text 3
Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn?t talk about energy; we didn?t talk about passion.”
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let?s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it?s still a big deal. It?s not explicitly conscious; it?s the idea that I?m a coach, and you?re my team, and we?re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”
These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can?t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg?s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you?ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.
But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it?s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that?s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.
31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____
[A] more emotional
[B] more objective
[C] less energetic
[D] less strategic
32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______
[A] historical incidents
[B] gender difference
[C] sports culture
[D] athletic executives
33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______
[A] revive historical terms
[B] promote company image
[C] foster corporate cooperation
[D] strengthen employee loyalty
34.It can be inferred that Lean In________
[A] voices for working women
[B] appeals to passionate workaholics
[C] triggers debates among mommies
[D] praises motivated employees
35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?
[A] Managers admire it but avoid it
[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense
[C] Companies find it to be fundamental
[D] Regular people mock it but accept it
Text 4
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.
However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now
830,000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes”, they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week
because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people , especially those with serious
health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.
However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?
[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.
[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.
[C] The possibility of full employment.
[D] The acceleration of job creation.
37. Many people work part-time because they_____.
[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.
[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.
[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.
[D] haven?t seen the weakness of the market.
38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.
[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.
[B] shows a general tendency of decline.
[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.
[D] is lower than before the recession.
39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.
[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance
[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance
40. The text mainly discusses_______.
[A] employment in the US
[B] part-timer classification
[C] insurance though Medicaid
[D] Obamacare?s trouble
Part B
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list [A]-[G] to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A] You are not alone
[B] Don?t fear responsibility for your life
[C] Pave your own unique path
[D] Most of your fears are unreal
[E] Think about the present moment
[F] Experience helps you grow
[G] There are many things to be grateful for
Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences.
Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won?t last forever.
When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future
opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I?ve learned along the way.
41._____________________________
Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of
exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts
you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.
42_____________________________
If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.
43______________________________
Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.
44________________________________
No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always
remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.
45________________________________
Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.
Section III Translation
Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET
2. (15 points)
Think about driving a route that?s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it?s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.
This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.
The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don?t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can?t remember the journey well because we didn?t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to
1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and
2) call for volunteers.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your name or the name of your university.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
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