新东方点题班写作预测超级小范围（18套题）
--新东方北美研发中心
超级小范围 ..................................................................................................... 1
独立写作：（共18题） .................................................................................. 1
综合写作（共18题） ................................................................................... 4
超级小范围
独立写作：（共18题）
NO.1
Nowadays it is not very important for families to regularly eat meals together.
NO.2
A leader should have strong opinions and not change his or her mind about those opinions.
NO.3
People who develop more different skills are more successful than those who focus on one skill only.
NO.4
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
A strong ability to be cooperative and work with others is more valuable than a strong ability to lead others.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
NO.5
大家新年的时候都会许下新年的new year’s resolution. 如果是你，你会在一下三个选项中选择哪一个作为新年的goal 或者resolution呢？
1. To help with the community
2. To do more exercise and have more nutritious food
3. To have better time management
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NO.6
你推荐高中要求学生必须上关于以下哪种课程：做菜，个人理财（感谢三楼提醒），修车
NO.7
People should be open to new ideas and change his or her mind to be successful
NO.8
有些人觉得他们可以靠自己或者家人的帮助，解决important problems.因此，人们不需要政府的帮助。
NO.9
Should children spend most time playing and studying? Or should they be required to help the family with household chores, like cooking and cleaning?
NO.10
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
One quality that a successful leader must have is to make decisions quickly. When a leader takes too much time to make decisions, he will be seen as ineffective to the people he leads.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
NO.11
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
To be happy, it is more important to maintain a small group of friends over a long period of time than it is to make new friends.
NO.12
For any business to be successful, one must spend a lot of money on
advertising.
NO.13
假设你所在的社区有一大块地要卖。有三个开发商提出以下三个建造方案，你选哪一个？为什么？
PERFORMANCE ARTS CENTER
HOTEL
SHOPPING MALL
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NO.14
爷爷辈对孙子辈的教育有没有用了。
NO.15
Agree or disagree: Parents have spent too much time helping to determine the future of their children. Children should therefore make their own decisions.
NO.16
Agree or disagree ：It is impossible to be completely honest with your friend. 是不是应该任何时候对朋友都honest?
NO.17
Disagree or agree：Some people think that the most important quality in choosing the leader of a school organization or club is honesty.
NO.18
Some jobs pay the employees high salaries, but require them live far away from their family and friends. Other jobs pay low salaries, but allow the employees to live closer to their family and friends．Which job would you prefer and why?
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综合写作（共18题）
NO.1
Lake V 之前一直被认为不存在复杂的大型organism/ animals, 直到发现了这三条证据，但是professor 对这些证据持skeptical的态度（文章里提到的部分标记为A：, Professor 反对的部分标记为P：）：
1）RNA：A: 在这个湖里提取的样本里发现了属于复杂的大型生物的RNA样本。 P: 这些样本很有可能是contaminated a.有可能是本身设备没有sterilize, RNA 只是原来残留在上面的样本 b.还有可能是exposure to 外在的环境，获取到的是湖以外的环境的中生物的RNA，而非湖里的。
2）Energy-Bacteria live near volcanic vents: A：之前一直觉得湖里照不到阳光，不能为生物提供能量。直到在湖里发现了一些bacteria, 这些bacteria 只会生活在volcanic vents周围，因此证明湖里有volcanic vents, 可以给湖里生物提供energy. P: 这个湖联通大海，大海里有volcanic vents. 很有可能这些bacteria 是从海里通过联通的passage跑到湖里来的，而非由于湖里的volcanic vents 而繁衍出来的。
3）Parasitic Bacteria： A:在湖里发现了这种可以寄生在复杂的大型生物身上的的细菌，这就证明湖里有大型生物。 P: 这种细菌是可以寄生在其他生物身上，它还可以不寄生（none-parasitical）, independent.所以不能证明
NO.2
Integrated Writing task: The eels
Passage:
There’s a dramatic decrease in the population of eels in recent years. Researchers think the main reasons for this are as follows:
1.The dams under Sargasso Sea. The dams are barriers to eels when then go 4
from Sargasso Sea to Europe. The dams prevent eels to navigate upstream, so eels can’t reach maturity.
2.A kind of parasitic worm which affect the kind of fish the eels eat. While the effect varies. Some eels are strongly affected by this kind of worm while the others are slightly affected. Researchers can’t decide how they’re affected and the reason for the variance remains unexplained.
3.The conditions of Sargasso Sea. Since it is difficult to track the exact route of eels, it is hard to decide which parts of the sea are problematic. So it is hard to control the condition to ensure eels’ survival.
Speaker:
1.Engineers designed a clever structure of the dams, which have cubes aside of the dams, so that the eels can navigate upstream and reach maturity. So the dams should not be a problem.
2.The most infected eels are those eat more fish. And the fish are infected by the worm. So the reason for that some eels are more infected while others are less infected can be explained by this.
3.There’s an electric device that can be attached to the eels so that researchers could record the exact route the eels take. And the device can be released into the sea, and the researchers then can collect the information gathered by the devices, and know which parts of the sea are problematic to the eels. So the myth of the decline in eel population should soon be discovered.
NO.3
综合写作：
Bonobos 矮黑猩猩(B) and chimpanzee(C)
Reading:
B 其实是一种common chimpanzee，但主要分布在inaccessible Congo river in Central Africa. Elusive and far less studied, B有reputation for being more peaceful than C.
1.B have fewer acts of aggression. 科学家比较B和C in captivity. 因此对两个物种的比较就在identical condition中进行。他们的行为也不会be attributed to external factors.这个实验观察到的现象是B没有那么多的aggressive行为than
C.
2.B live by a set of rules that protect small B from larger B. C的群体里面总是 5
会出现larger C attack and threaten small C的情况，而B的群体里larger B不会利用自己的size和strength去intimidate 小的。
3.B 不会hunt or kill for meat. C除了吃nuts, fruits，还会去hunt 其他monkey species. 但是B不会supplement their diet with meat.
Listening:
说B 更为peaceful其实不accurate.
1.科学家做的那个实验，其实只考虑了两种动物in captivity的情况，因此他们的行为只能是react to captivity而不能反应他们在wild的情况。很可能在wild，B会表现得很aggressive.
2.其实在B的群体中，通常larger B is the victim of the attacks. Groups of small B会intimidate large B without the latter being aware of it or when there is no one around. 人们通常会注意到C 的攻击行为，但常常会忽略掉B这种hidden form of aggression.
3.C hunt 其他animal很大的原因是因为their usual diets are not available，这通常是因为human beings destroy C’s habitat，因此在自己的habitat 里面找不到植物的吃的. Since B usually live in isolated areas,所以人类不能够轻易disrupt他们的life。所以不能否认的是，当B 的habitat受到人类的干扰，他们are quite likely to hunt for meat.
NO.4
Reading:
Amtrak is a intercity train company owned by the US government.但现在很多argument都支持它被privatized or be sold to private companies.
1. Government loses a lot of money on maintaining Amtrak.因为Amtrak去的地方都是remote或者less-populated areas.因此维护它的成本很大， 6
government loses a large amount of money on each passenger on certain routes,如果把它私有化了这些损失就会减少
2. 政府对于Amtrak的补贴或者支持is unfair to other transportation companies, such as airlines. 政府投入Amtrak, which means that trains can have cheaper prices，这样其他的交通方式比如airline不能与Amtrak良性竞争
3. Amtrak通常是被underused的，in order to support national transportation, the government should投入elsewhere. Less than 1 percent of the transportation means chosen by people is to take trains,所以应该大里发展high way, private cars.
Listening:
1. 不能因为那些人住的远就不对train进行支持和投入. People who live in remote areas have as much right as those who live in more accessible areas. 政府应该improve its services
2. 政府对于airline的投入其实很大：Establish air traffic control buildings and build weather satellites, 很多private airline companies cannot survive without government support
3. Amtrak之所以被underused,是因为it’s out-of-date.如果政府加大投入,让Amtrak变得more affordable and fast, just like Japan and Europe, which have a complete train system，人们会更多的选择乘火车出行
NO.5
综合写作
Reading: Naundorff was the real lost prince of France. (The French prince was imprisoned at age of ten and was said to be killed. But then Naundorff stood out and claimed to be the prince.)
1.Significant knowledge of prince’s early life. Eg. He can name several servants.
2，Former employees said he looked and acted like the prince. Eg. Habits 7
3，Circumstances of deaths are suspicious. The remaining royal members were eliminated.
Lecture: Cast doubts on the opinion from reading passage；
1，The knowledge of prince can be acquired by thorough research of history materials. And his French is very limited, which is suspicious of being a French prince；
2.Relationship with his sister, who was also imprisoned and survived, was really bad. She refused to read his letters and denied that he was the prince after she saw his picture
3.His skeleton contained very little amount of Arsenic. But if he was poisoned to death, his bones must contain very high level of Arsenic.
NO.6
Integrated writing task
Reading
Heinrich Schliemann discovered a golden mask of warrior king. He claimed that the golden mask is the Mask of Agamemnon. However, the archaeology industry suspects that the golden mask is a fake. There are three reasons for that.
Firstly, Schliemann has a reputation of faking his discovery and excavation. He used to buy an antique from a craftsman and claim that the item is from ancient Greek until it was identified a fake. Therefore, the golden mask is very suspicious and Schliemann is incredible.
Secondly, some features of the golden mask are different from the authentic golden masks from Ancient Greek. Ancient Greek golden masks have very flat appearance and no pointed hairs. The golden mask of warrior king discovered by Schliemann has very well-defined lips and pointed beard. Therefore, the golden mask is a fake.
Thirdly, Schliemann immediately shut down the site where the golden mask is discovered after he found the golden mask. This is a very suspicious behavior. Usually archeologist will continue to excavate the site in the hope of finding more cultural information about the discovery, such as the historical context and identify whose mask it is. More information about the mask could have been discovered to identify the mask, however, Schliemann close the site in a rush, revealing his afraid of being found that the mask is a fake.
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Lecture
Though many archeologists think the golden mask of warrior king is a fake, but I think that is an authentic item from Ancient Greek. There are three reasons to refute the points in the passage.
Firstly, Schliemann did have a reputation of faking discovery and excavation. However, for this mask, it’s not easy to fake. The Greek government is familiar with Schliemann’s reputation of dishonesty and specifically assigned a supervisor to closely supervise and monitor Schliemann’s work of excavation. If Schliemann really cheated on this discovery, it’s hard to do so without being caught by the supervisor.
Secondly, a golden mask of lion from Ancient Greek, which was proved an authentic antique, was compared with the golden mask of warrior king. The golden lion mask also has three-dimensioned lips and nose, and all pointed hair. All the features are comparable to the golden mask of warrior king.
Thirdly, the timing of the site being shut down immediately after the golden mask was discovered can be explained. Schliemann was not a real archeologist but a treasure hunter. It fitted a treasure hunter’s habit to close the site immediately after he depleted all the valuable things in the site. Therefore, Schliemann’s behavior of shutting down the site is not suspicious.
Question: summarize the points in the lecture, make sure how they oppose the specific points in the reading message.
NO.7
斯巴达克斯
阅读材料：斯巴达克斯的英雄事迹一般是由以下三部分构成的：
1.斯巴达克斯和他的部队原本的目标是会到故乡
2.斯巴达克斯有卓越军事才能，以少敌多。
3.斯巴达克斯和他的部队是为了解放罗马所有奴隶。
讲座反驳了以上论点
1.在起义早起，斯巴达克斯和他的军队就已经开辟出一条通往故乡的通道，但他们非但没走，反而朝着罗马城的方向进攻。目的可能是为了掠夺罗马城的财富。 9
2.斯巴达克斯可能没啥军事才能。一开始的胜利可能因为罗马根本没把他们放在眼里，大意了。一旦他们派正规军，斯巴达克斯一下子兵败如山倒。
3.这个有充分历史证据标明是17、18世纪的剧作家为了反对当是欧洲还存在的奴隶制度而借斯巴达克斯之口来旁敲侧击，针贬时弊。实际上斯巴达克斯并没有提出这一口号。
NO.8
Reading:为了解决美国large cities有困难hire teachers的问题，开始推行signing bonuses: 给cash payments和financial incentives
1.Attract teachers outside of the urban areas, 因为对他们来说意味着income increase
2.Hire more people with non-teaching experience, 因为这样以来，salary is compatible with their own industries and businesses.
3.Prevent teachers from quitting their jobs right before the semesters begin, since they are legally obligated to teach once they accept the bonuses
Listening: signing bonuses cannot solve the problem
1.Money was not the primary factor for teachers to stay in their jobs.
According to a teachers’ satisfaction survey, other important factors include how well the administration is run, how good the libraries and laboratories are, and how long it takes for the teachers to commute to school.
2.The main obstacle for people from other professionals to teach is the teacher certification process. They have to take a lot of courses and quit their old jobs, which means a loss to their income.
3.Some teacher quit their jobs right before the school year beginsbecausethey are unhappy with what they are doing. It isunnecessary to keep on unhappy teachers and those who are unlikely to do students any good in school.
NO.9
文章：讲到bumpback whale 能够用star来direct/navigate
1.他们有高智力，非常强的认知能力（cognitive ability）所以能认星星导航
2.他们利用外界目标物导航，能够直线行进
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3.Spy-hopping，他们把头抬到水面上，向上看，看星星
Lecture：觉得这些证明都非常不合理
1.认知能力强，智力高和用星星来导航没有直接的联系。举例，鸟类比如鸭，他们只有平均的认知能力，但是却能够用星星导航，说明无直接关系
2.他们是用外界导航没错，但是他们用到的是地球的磁场（magnetic field）导航。他们有biomagnitite在他们的脑子里，用地磁场导航，不是星星。
3.Spy-hopping对whale来说是很少见的。但是其他的例如鲨鱼就有
spyhopping，但是他们不是向上望星星，而是看animals, 并且他们也不会migrate。再就是，whale八天也会spyhopping，但是白天根本没有星星。
NO.10
阅读:要减少草原里的野马
听力反驳：
1.阅读：野马吃太多，草没了，导致水土流失。听力：马只是吃了top of the glass，这些草会很快重新长出来，反而有利于草的生长。而且马的粪便给草提供了养料
2.阅读：野马和牧民们养的cattle和sheep争食物，对牧民不利。听力：如果马少了，牛羊就会被hunt，反而也会减少
3.阅读：野马的大蹄子踩坏了草地，导致小溪流受损，里面的鱼变少了。听力：小溪流是beavers建造的，人们捕杀了beaver导致溪流受损，和野马无关。
NO.11
版本11.Periodical cicadas
这一种蝉是13-year and 17-year在地下成长的 periodical cicadas，他们没有什 11
么防御能力。
1）为什么他们没有进化出防御能力（defense），他们该如何抵御天敌？因为他们不需要。他们一次emerge from the ground的量很大，300只每平方米, 就算有predator的话也不能把他们全部吃掉，所以他们作为一个种群可以存活（They can survive as a whole）。
2）他们在地下怎么知道过了多少年（13年还是17年）？因为他们的食物有变化（ keep tracking by changes of food）. 他们吃的树液(tree sap) 一年变一次，每次tree sap变了他们就知道是another year.
3）为什么是exactly的13年或者17年呢？因为这个年数有利于减少两种蝉（13年和17年）同时出土从而杂交的可能性（Lower chance of hybridization ）. Exact 13年和17年把这个几率减小到221年一次。
版本2周期蝉（periodical cicada）
阅读部分：
周期蝉是北美一类蝉的属名，幼虫孵化后便生活在地下，到了第十三年或十七年，周期蝉就会破土而出回到地面。周期蝉有很多特殊的习性值得讨论，以下三点是存在疑问的地方。
第一，周期蝉自身极为缺乏防御性，它既没有毒液（venom）来对付敌人，又不具备良好的飞行能力（not a good flier），因此很容易被捕食者抓到。
第二，周期蝉每隔13或17年就会从地下出现到地上。然而在地下没有阳光，很难判断年月的变迁。周期蝉是怎样做到在地下还能精确的计算时间，并且每隔13或17年就会破土而出，从不出错呢？
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第三，周期蝉生命循环的周期为什么是13或17年，而不是其他的年份呢，这其中有什么奥秘？
听力部分：
教授对以上三个疑问一一做出了解释。
第一，周期蝉并不需要具备什么防御系统，因为它们每次都是大批量出现，通常能达到300只／平方米，或者300万只／公顷。即使捕食者吃掉了尽量多的周期蝉，从整体数量上看，还是会有大量的蝉存活下来。
第二，周期蝉靠吸食树根的汁液生存（tree sap），每年树上开花的时候，树汁的味道就会发生变化。地下的蝉只要数13或17次这样的变化再出现到地面上就可以。
第三，当两种不同品种的周期蝉同时出现时，就会发生杂交（hybrid）。然而异种交配（interbreed）会导致新生周期蝉出现基因缺陷，从而降低其生存能力。为了避免杂交现象的发生，必须最小化（minimize）两种不同种类的周期蝉同时出现，13或17次这两个数字正好可以把同时出现的概率拉低到每221年一次。
NO.12
文章给出了一种鱼跳出水面的原因：1捕食空中的昆虫2去除身上的寄生虫3对人类侵犯领地感到愤怒并产生攻击性行为。
lecture反驳了这些理由1夏天这种鱼不吃东西，即使冬天它们吃东西也是吃河床附近的东西，不会因此跃出水面2野生的鱼体表没有寄生虫，危 险的体内的寄生虫，这些不能靠物理方法去除，鱼塘里养的鱼体表有寄生虫，但是它们却不会跃出水面3游船受到冲撞只是偶然现象，没有船鱼 也会跳出来
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NO.13
文章说中国人比哥伦布更早登入美洲大陆，听力反对
阅读是说有个作家xx说中国人在 between1421年 and 1423年去过America。
第一段大概是说Bimix上面有markings, 是Chinese 弄的。
第二段大概是说在coast land还是哪里发现了石头的anchors，说是中国人在哪里弄的。
第三段是说在某个岛上面有个stone tower，有点像lighthouse，说是中国人搞的，然后Chinese sailor could raise and xx platform for repair damaged boats.
听力：教授说怀疑中国人没到过America，no evidence to show Chinese came to America 在1421-1423年。
第一说那些marking是natural formation，不是人为的marking，只是像人为的。说geologist看的话一眼就可以看出是天然行程的。
第二说那些anchor也不一定是中国人，因为在那个时候，anchor已经用了好久在航海了，不只一个国家用锚.
第三是说那个岛上的tower不是中式建筑，看起来是England 建筑，说那个岛原来是一个England 的owner的，这个lighthouse更像是England建筑。
NO.14
为什么Hohokam people会disappear suddenly
reading：
由于H的irrigation方式，导致土地贫瘠
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树是小动物的窝，H人都砍光了，失去了一种food resource
因为armed conflict而collapse.原因是两个group的人进入沙漠的时间和H人消失的时间差不多
听力部分：
H人会rest field,不会每年都这样灌溉
H人不会砍光树，reproduce的速度比砍的快
没有其他的traces可以证明是由于invasion而collapse
NO.15
阅读：mercury牙医用来repair牙齿的一种物质。阅读说应该被禁止。第一影响健康。里面有种物质吸收后会影响central nerve system带来一系列病。第二环境问题。诊所里用完后冲走进入江河湖海，会造成环境污染威胁wildlife。第三可以代替的材料。有很多材料可以代替她，像陶瓷，金什么的。
听力：第一它只有很少的量被人体吸收。不会带来什么大问题。有些人有问题是他们过敏，然后这种过敏的比例很小。
第二有一种device, S开头的，）（屏幕会显示。）可以COLLECT这些solids所以不会带来这些问题。
第三这种材料持续时间长效果好，其他材料不能代替。像金。太贵了。
NO.16
Reading:
Birdfeeder’s negative impact.
1. It encourages birds to stay together and transmit diseases. For example, the red eye disease among finches.
2. Birds are easily be harmed by predators like cats. They may bump into windows.
3. It affects their migrating patterns as they will not move to the warm places 15
when if there is already enough food. This will further influence their mating productivity.
Listening:
1. The natural characteristic of bird is to flock together, in spite of human effort.
2. Yes, while that’s true, the birdfeeder provides nutrients to the birds and allows them to become healthier and stronger.The population is increasing rather than decreasing.
3. The signal for the birds’ migration is the reduction of sunlight, not food. They will not stay because of surplus food.
NO.17
问题是说coal ash的污染很严重，需不需要new，much stricter regulations on handling and storing coal ash.
reading是说不需要：1，相关的regulation已经存在，要求company to ues LINER on the ponds啊什么的。
2，他怕新的严格的规定，会让人们不敢再买recycled coal ash。
3，increasing cost。电费会涨十倍，大众会不接受。
listening是说需要：1，原本的规定只要求company在新的ponds上用liner，old ones are not required.所以现在old ponds 还是会产生许多coal ash，会进入地下水，最后污染饮用水。
2，professor举了mercury的例子：在mercury 的问题上也有很严格的regulation, 但是人们依然在买recycled mercury for over 50 years.
3，电费确实会涨到多少多少billion，但是平均到人头上，每个人的电费就只涨了1%而已。It is not a big price to pay to have a cleaner environment.
NO.18
阅读：如何防止鸟不撞上建筑物 1:单一光线玻璃。2.彩色的玻璃。3.导航指引方向听力：反对：1，鸟以为师镜子，同样会撞上2:找缝隙撞到没有颜色的玻璃 16
上2:导航在短距离没有效果
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