上海应用技术学院《专门学术英语》个人项目
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Source 1
Title: Global Catastrophes: A very short Introduction
Author: Bill McGuire
Source: Oxford University Press, 2001
Page: 125
Global warming is about much more than hotter summers, winter floods, and farting cows. There is absolutely no question that the earth is warming up fast, and few climate scientists would argue with this. The dispute lies in whether or not the warming we are now experiencing simply reflects a natural turnabout in the recent global temperature trend or results from the polluting impact of human activities since the industrial revolution really began to take hold.
Source 2
Title: Global Warming & Its Effects
Author: Nicolas Dalleva
Source: [accessed March 28, 2007]
A combination of various actions and, in some cases, not enough action causes global warming in the world today. The leading cause of global warming is the ongoing burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, along with the other greenhouse gases of methane, nitrous oxide, and chlororfluocarbons, is the cause of the greenhouse effect. This effect is dangerously increasing as the gases are being released in greater quantities.
Source 3
Title: Human Activity Is Altering the Composition of the Atmosphere
Author: John M. Broder
Source: [accessed December 1, 2011]
In richer and mature societies of the world, such as parts of the northern hemisphere, on the whole, re-growth of vegetation appears to be taking some carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. Most of the net carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation are currently occurring in tropical regions. Land use changes are responsible for 15 to 20% of current carbon dioxide emissions.
Summary
Human activities are chiefly responsible for climate change. Despite the dispute as to whether global warming is caused by human activities (McGuire, 2001), carbon dioxide have been proved the major factor for climate change. Carbon dioxide will form a thick gas layer as it is constantly building up in the atmosphere. The gas layer is the killer of the ozone layer—the layer which protects the Earth from harmful radiation, thus causing global warming. It is documented that
上海应用技术学院《专门学术英语》个人项目
学号： 姓名： 得分：
carbon dioxide is emitted in a number of ways, among which the burning of fossil fuel can obviously release a great amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (Dalleva, 2007). Another way is deforestation such as the conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. According to Broder (2011), 15 to 20% of total carbon dioxide emissions is attributed to changes in land use.
References
Broder, J.M. 2011. Human Activity Is Altering the Composition of the Atmosphere [accessed
December 1, 2011]
Dalleva, N. 2007. Global Warming & Its Effects. Available from: [accessed March 28, 2007]
McGuire, B. 2001. Global Catastrophes: A very short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 125.
第二篇：summary
Summary
How to Manage Your Finances
When you're away from home, your parents expect you to be responsible for yourself and this includes taking care of your own finances. To manage your money sensibly, you need a plan to work with. Write down your allowance and expenses for the month. What you are doing is actually budgeting your income. Make sure that you set aside a small amount for your savings. One way of cutting cost is eating in. It is cheaper than eating out. Moreover, by cooking your own meals, you have greater control over what you eat. Besides that, if you know of friends who live in the same area as you, you might want to consider driving to college together. This saves on petrol and parking. In addition, when you shop for household items, compare prices from one shop to another before making your purchase. If you can, wait for sales when you can get better discounts. However, sales where prices are marked down incredibly can sometimes tempt you to buy things which you don't really need. Therefore, be careful and don't give in to temptation.
Your summary must not be more than 60 words, including the 10 words given below： ? Reference：
? start with a plan. Write out
your budget and put aside a set amount for savings. You can save money by eating in and carpooling. Besides that, before buying household items, compare prices first. If possible, wait for sales but do not be tempted to buy what you do not need. ( 59 words )
How We Can Attract More Tourists to Our Country
One of the many sources of revenue for the country is tourism. Malaysia has lots to offer the world. We have beautiful beaches, lush jungles, cool mountain retreats and modern cities. However, to further capitalize on tourism, there are a few areas that must be looked into. Firstly, we must expose people from foreign countries to what we can offer. We can do this by holding exhibitions overseas. Organizers of such exhibitions can offer a glimpse into what we have in our country. They can offer attractive four packages that would definitely lure tourists here. The mass media too can play an important role. The Internet, television and the newspaper offer an alternative mode of advertising the country to the world. Besides that, newspapers and television can be used to show the world the wonders found in our country. On the homeground, multiethnic cultural shows can be presented to woo foreign tourists to the country. People who come from other countries would definitely like to see the different cultural and traditional practices here. However, what is most important is to make sure that the facilities in our country, like public transport and accommodation, are of a reasonable and respectable standard. this is to ensure a pleasant and memorable stay for our visitors.
Your summary must not be more than 60 words, including the 10 words given below:
? Reference：
? For one, we can
organize exhibitions abroad. Through these fairs, we can offer attractive tour packages. Besides that, the mass media plays an important role in promoting Malaysia's holiday destinations. In Malaysia itself, we can hold cultural shows. Most importantly, we must ensure that our facilities are up to standard. ( 60 words )
Study the following essay and write a summary in about 80 words.
We continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled(复杂) and evasive(逃避) attitudes about death, despite the great distance we have come in understanding some of the profound aspects of biology. We have as much distaste for talking about personal death as for thinking about it; it is an indelicacy(粗俗), like talking in mixed company about venereal disease or abortion in the old days.
Death on a grand scale does not bother us in the same special way: we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war, involving 60 billion volatilized human deaths, as though we were talking about bad weather; we can watch abrupt bloody death every day, in color, on films and television, without blinking back a tear. It is when the numbers of dead are very small, and very close, that we begin to think in scurrying circles. At the very center of the problem is the naked cold deadness of one’s own self, the only reality in nature of which we can have absolute certainty, and it is unmentionable, unthinkable. We may be even less willing to face the issue at first hand than our predecessors because of a secret new hope that maybe it will go away. We like to think, hiding the thought, that with all the marvelous ways in which we seem now to lead nature around by the nose, perhaps we can avoid the central problem if we just become, next year, say, a bit smarter.
? Reference：
? People dislike talking about death because they just like their predecessors still
have the vaguest ideas of the issue. They talk about death only when million upon millions of people are killed in war. When they find only very few people die each time and the death rates are almost equal, they become very anxious, thinking that next time they themselves will meet their doom. Therefore, they fear very much. However, they have a hope that when they control nature, they can avoid death.(84 words)
Study the following essay and write a summary in about 80 words.
At noon, just as I was leaving my friend's office, it suddenly struck me that I had no idea where I had parked my car I could hardly go up to a policeman and tell him that I had lost a small green car somewhere. I would simply have to look for it myself. Walking down street after street, I examined each car closely and was greatly relieved to see a small green car just behind an old cart. But how disappointed I was to discover that though the car was exactly like my own, it belonged to someone else. Feeling quite tired now, I gave up the search and went off for lunch. Some time later I left the restaurant and walked idly down the street. Turning the corner I nearly jumped for joy: my car was right in front of me - and there was no mistaking it this time. I could not help smiling as I drew near. Pasted on the wind-screen was a little ticket which informed me that the car had been visited by a policeman in my absence. To add to it all, I was now guilty of a parking offense. (196 words)
? Reference：
? Unable to remember where he had parked the car the writer went down street
after street looking carefully at each car. At last, he saw a small green one which looked like his own but belonged to someone else. He now gave up the search and went for lunch. On leaving the restaurant some time later he walked down the street and suddenly found his car just around the comer. As he drew near, he noticed a police ticket on the wind-screen. (82 words)
Beginning Sentences for Summary
1. From his own experience of …, the writera conclusion that…（narration）
2. The author described his experience of …, which started his thinking that …(narration)
3. The text/article/passage mainly tells us about…/ that …(argumentation) that …(argumentation)
5. The author holds the belief/opinion that… (argumentation)
6. The passage mainly introduces that…(exposition)
tells us