初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表
第二篇：初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表
初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表
初中英语时态专项练习
1、 一般现在时。
通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
一般现在时基本用法介绍
一、一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
二、一般现在时的构成:
肯定句：
1).主语+系动词 be(is, am, are )+名词（形容词，介词短语）
2) .其他主语+动词原形+其它
第三人称单数+动词-s+其它
如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
We study English.我们学习英语。Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
三、一般现在时的变化
否定句： 1)主语+ be （is,am,are）+ not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
2)其他主语+do not(don’t)动词原形+其它 I don't like bread
第三人称单数+does not(doesn’t)动词原形+其它He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句：1)Be（Is,Are） +主语+其它?如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
2)Do其他主语+动词原形+其它？
Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+？
注意：遇I/we—you, my—your, some—any.
Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?
How does your father go to work?
2、现在进行时。
通常用“now/look/listen”.
1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2．现在进行时的结构：.
肯定句 ： 主语+be（is,am,are ） +动词现在分词-ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
否定句：主语+be（is,am,are ）+not + 动词现在分词-ing
一般疑问句：Is(Are)+主语+动词现在分词-ing？
特殊疑问：疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing?
3.动词加ing的变化规则
1)一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2)以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，
如：run-running, stop-stopping,swim—swimming
3、 一般过去时态
一般过去时通常用 “a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last…”等。
1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。
2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）
⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3.行为动词的一般过去时变化
4.动词过去式的变化：
规则动词的变化：
不规则动词的变化：
5.特殊疑问句：
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?
4、一般将来时
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。
1.基本结构：①主语+be (is,am,are)going to +动词原形.
②主语+will+ 动词原形.
2.否定句：①主语+be (is,am,are)+not +going to +动词原形.
②主语+will +not(won’t)+ 动词原形.
例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
3.一般疑问句：①Is(Are)+主语 +going to +动词原形.+?
②Will+主语+动词原形+?
例：We are going to go on an outing this weekend.
→ Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? Yes,we are. No, we aren’t.
Will he go to Beijing next week? Yes,he will. No,he won’t.
4.对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1). 问人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2). 问干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3). 问什么时候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?
5同义句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
5.过去进行时：
肯定句：主语+助动词be (was,were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它
否定句：主语+助动词be (was,were)+not+动词现在分词-ing+其它
一般疑问句：Was(Were)+主语+动词现在分词-ing+其它？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+was(were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它?
用法:
1、 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday等，或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作（即与when, while引出的时间状语从句连用）。
例：They were talking about a film at six yesterday evening. 昨晚6点他们正在谈论一部电影。
What were you doing at this time last week? 上周的这个时候你在干什么？
When the teacher came in, they were talking. 老师进来时，他们在讲话。
2、 表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。
例：They were swimming from two to three yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午2点到3点他们在游泳。
She was watching TV the whole morning. 她整个上午在看电视。
3、 表示过去将要发生的动作。
例：He said he was leaving on Tuesday. 他说他周二动身。
Tom said he was going tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天去。
4、 用过去进行时描写故事背景。
例：It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天渐渐黑了下来，风势增强了。
The procession was going. He was standing among the crowd looking on. 队伍在前进。他站在人群中观看。
6. 现在完成时
构成：肯定句：主语+助动词have（has）+动词过去分词-ed
否定句：主语+助动词have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+动词过去分词-ed
一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+have(has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？
用法：
1、 表示说话之前已完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在是情况仍有影响。常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。
Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生刚从美国回来。
2．现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since 等表示一段时间的状语。
如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.
3.现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
常见终止性动词与延续性动词 (或状态动词) 的对应关系如下:
come / go / arrive / get / reach / move--- be in/at
open --- be open die --- be dead
close --- be closed become ---be
borrow --- keep put on --- wear
buy --- have leave ----- be away (from)
begin / start ----- be on fall asleep ---- be asleep
end/finish ----- be over catch a cold ----- have a cold
join the army ---- be in the army, be a soldier
join the Party---- be in the Party , be a Party member
例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。
Jim bought this pen two years ago.
Jim has had this pen for two years.
Jim has had this pen since two years ago.
Jim has had this pen since 2007
It is two years since Jim bought this pen.
4.在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等
5.表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 ＋that” 后面跟现在完成时。
例：This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That is the only book that he has written.
6. have / has been to + 地点 意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地，仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。
have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。
如：He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。
He has been to Shanghai. 他去过了上海。
7.现在完成进行时
表示一个动作从过去某时开始，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。。常与表示一段时间的状语，如：for two hours,since early morning,these few days 等连用。
构成：
肯定句：主语+助动词have(has)+been+动词现在分词-ing
否定句：主语+助动词have(has)+not+been+动词现在分词-ing
一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语+ been+动词现在分词-ing+?
特殊疑问句：疑问词+ have(has)+ 主语+ been+动词现在分词-ing+?
例：It has been raining for three hours.
We have been waiting here since an hour ago.
How long has it been raining? 雨下多久了？
She has been sitting there for more than 2 hours. 他已经在那坐了两个小时了。
We’ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 最近我们常见面。
He has been telephoning me several times in two days. 这两天他打好几次电话给我。
注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。
8. 过去完成时
构成：
肯定句：主语+助动词had +动词过去分词-ed+其它
否定句：主语+助动词had +not(hadn’t)+动词过去分词-ed+其它
一般疑问句; Had+主语+动词过去分词-ed+其它+？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+had +主语+动词过去分词-ed+其它+？
例：There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.
By the end of last term we had finished the book.
They finished earlier than we had expected.
用法：
1、 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成或延续到某一过去时间的动作或状态，即“过去的过去“。这一动作可以是一直持续到过去这一时刻或将继续下去。这个过去的时间常用by，before after,）等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。
例：The train had left before she got to the station. 在她到车站以前，火车已开走了。
We had learned about 500 English words by the end of mine. 到上个月为止，我们已经学了约500个英文单词。
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了，他曾是我的一位好友。
2、 用于以连词when, as soon as, as…as, before, after, until, now that引导的状语从句中或一些宾语从句中以表示动作发生的时间早于主句所表示的动作，可表示原因、动作先后等关系。如：
例：After I had finished my homework, I watched TV last night. （表时间先后）
We took a taxi home, as the last bus already gone. 由于最后一班公车已开走，所以，我们就乘出租车回家。（表原因）
He got to the airport and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his ticket. 他赶到机场时突然意识到他忘了带机票。
3、 用在一般过去时之后的间接引语中。
He told me that he had been seen the film the day before. 他跟我说他前一天看过那个电影了。
注意：过去完成时的句子中，终止性动词不能与一段时间连用，而状态动词的过去完成时必须和一段时间连用。如：
He had already died. 他已经死了。
He had been dead for an hour. 他已经死了一个小时了。
9. 过去将来时
构成：
肯定句： 主语+助动词would+动词原形。
主语+助动词was(were) going to+动词原形。
否定句： 主语+助动词would+not(wouldn’t)+动词原形。
.主语+助动词was(were)+not+ going to+动词原形
一般疑问句：Would+主语+动词原形+？
Was(Were) +主语+ going to+动词原形+?
特殊疑问句：疑问词+would+主语+动词原形+？
was(were) +主语+ going to+动词原形+?
例：I hoped she would succeed.
用法
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。主要有以下几种形式：
1、 would + 动词原形
这一形式表示过去将来时间，通常带有表示过去将来的时间状语，多见于从句或间接引语中。
I wanted to know when you would finish the article. 我想知道你什么时候写完论文。
He said he would wait for me at the gate. 他说他将在校门口等我。
2、 was / were going to +不定式
They told me they were going to plaint trees. 他们告诉我他们打算去植树。
3、 was / were to + 不定式
这一形式通常指按过去的计划，安排将在某个过去将来时间发生的事。
The reporter said the sports meeting was to take place soon. 记者称运动会不久将举行。