新概念英语语法详解:英语介词的详细用法

时间:2024.5.13

新概念英语语法详解:英语介词的详细用法

早、午、晚要用in 例:in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天 at黎明、午、夜、点与分 例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜间 at midnight 在午夜 以上短语都不用冠词 at six o'clock 在6点钟 at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7点半 at half past eleven 在11点半 at nine fifteen 在9点15分 at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分 也可以写成 seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上) five minutes after two 2点过5分 at a quarter to two 1点45分 at the weekend 在周末

年、月、年月、季节、周 即在"来年",在"某月",在"某年某月" (但在某年某月某 日则用on),在四季,在第几周等都要用in。 例;in 1986 在19xx年 in 1927 在19xx年 in April 在四月 in March 在三月 in December 1986 19xx年12月 in July l983 19xx年7月 in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季 in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季 in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周 in the third week 在第三周


第二篇:新概念英语语法详解


新概念英语语法详解:可数与不可数名词的常用修饰语

一、修饰可数名词的常用修饰语有these, those, few, a few, many, a good [great] many, a great [good] number of 等:

Few people would agree with this. 很少人会同意这种看法。

He has a great many friends here. 他在这儿有很多朋友。

注:a good [great] many 后直接跟名词,不用介词of。但是,若其后所接名词有the, these, my 等限定词修饰,则要用介词of:a great many of my friends 我的朋友当中的许多人

二、修饰不可数名词的常用修饰语有this, that, little, a little, a bit of, much, a great deal of, a large amount of 等:

I have little time to do it. 我没什么时间来做此事。

He didn’t give me much money. 他没给我很多钱。

A great deal of money is spent on research. 研究工作上花了许多钱。

注:在现代英语中,a great amount of 后有时也接可数名词,但有许多语法学家反对,学生最好避免使用。

三、有些修饰语既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词,如all, some, enough, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a (large) quantity of 等:

You needn’t hurry. There’s plenty of time. 你不必着急。时间多着哩。

There are plenty of men out of work. 失业的人很多。

We need a quantity of baskets. 我们需要一批篮子。

He put a small quantity of sugar in the milk. 他在牛奶中放了少量的糖。

四、有些名词形式上是复数,但却被用作不可数名词,使用much, little等修饰语:

He hasn’t got much brains. 他没什么头脑。

He took much pains to do the work. 他费了不少心做这工作。

I said I wouldn’t want much wages. 我说过我不要很多工资。

It's high time you were taught a little manners. 该是你学一点礼貌的时候了。

新概念英语语法详解:几种带有否定词的比较句型

英语中表示比较的句型相当多,如果句型中插进了一个否定词,其意义和用法就很难掌握,下面介绍几种常见的表达方式:

1.no better than:表示“和??一样;实际等于??”,如:

He is no better than a beggar. 他实际上等于一个乞丐。

The invalid is no better than he was yesterday. 病人的情况和昨天一样。

He has no better a say in the matter than I have. 他和我一样在这件事上没有发言权。

2.not. . . any more than或no more. . . than:表示“同??一样不”,如:

I could no more do that than you. I could not do that any more than you. 你不能做这件事,我也不能做。

He is not a poet any more than I am a scholar. 我不是一个学者,他也不是一个诗人。

This story is no more interesting than that one. 这个故事和那个故事一样没有趣味。

He is no more able to read German than I am. 他和我一样都不懂德语。

3.not so much. . . as:表示“与其??不如??”

He is not so much a writer as a reporter. 他与其说是个作家,不如说是个记者。

Your explanation does not so much enlighten us as confuse us.

你的解释没有起到启发作用,反而把我们弄糊涂了。

Oceans don't so much divide the world as unite it. 与其说海洋分隔了世界,不如说海洋联结了世界。

I don't so much dislike him as hate him. 我与其说不喜欢他,不如说我恨他。

4.nothing like:表示“没有什么能比得上??”

There is nothing like home. 金窝银窝,不如自己的草窝。

There is nothing like walking as a means of keeping fit. 没有比散步来保持健康更好的了。

There is nothing like leather for shoes. 做鞋用皮革再好没有了。

5.nothing like(或near)as(或so)... as:表示“远远不像??那样”

This novel is nothing near so interesting as that one. 这篇小说远远不及那篇小说有趣。

The book is nothing like as difficult as I expected. 这本书远没有我想像的那么难懂。

His analysis of the poem is nothing like as penetrating as yours. 他对这首诗的分析远没有你的分析那样透彻。

6.no less ? than:表示“和??一样”

He is no less active than he used to be. 他和从前一样活跃。

His mind is no less alert than yours. 他的思路和你的一样敏捷。

Our soldiers fought with no less daring than skill. 我们的士兵作战的英勇不亚于他们的战斗技能。

新概念英语语法详解:不定式和分词表原因的区别 表示原因时,分词短语常放在句首,也可放在句未,多用逗号隔开;不定式短语却只能放在句末,但不用逗号,且多用于表示情绪或情感反应的动词、形容词(如happy, glad, sorry, sad, surprised, frightened, delighted, disappointed)之后。如:

1. I’m surprised to see you here. 在这时遇到你真让我感到意外。

2. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to stay another two days off the farm. (辽宁卷)

A. Attracting B. Attracted

C. To be attracted D. Having attracted

【分析】答案选B。在句首表示原因不能用不定式,排除C;句子主语the girl与attract是被动关系,用过去分词短语作原因状语。

3. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (全国卷)

A. Losing B. Having lost

C. Lost D. To lost

【分析】答案选C。表示原因不能用不定式,排除D;句子主语he与lose是逻辑上是被动关系,用过去分词: Lost in thought?=As he was lost in thought? 此处的过去分词实际上是表示状态的形容词,用汉语思维难于理解,除be lost in thought(沉思)外,这类惯用结构还有be caught in the rain(遇到雨), be dressed in red(穿着红衣), be seated in a chair(坐在椅子上)等,并注意这类结构作补语或后置定语时也要用过去分词。

4. ________ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. (上海卷)

A. Not knowing B. Knowing not

C. Not having known D. Having not known

【分析】答案选A。现在分词的否定式在前面加not,“不知道电话号码”与“难与Bill联系”同时发生的不用完成式。Not knowing?=As she didn’t know?

新概念英语语法详解:最高级前使用冠词的三种场合

1. 在形容词最高级前通常应有the:

He is the tallest boy in the class. 他是这个班最高的。

This computer is most expensive in this shop. 这种电脑是这家商店里最贵的。

2. 当最高级形容词用作表语且不带比较范围时,有时可以不用the:

This room is (the) best. 这个房间最好。

但是,当处于表语位置的最高级带有比较范围或限定性修饰语时,其前的the通常不能省去:

This room is the best in this hotel. 这个房间是这家宾馆最好的。

3. 如果是对同一个人或事物在不同情况下进行对比,那么处于表语位置的最高级形容词前不能用the。比较:

He’s busiest on Sunday. 他星期天最忙。(他与自己平时比,不用the)

He’s the busiest of all the people. 在所有人当中他最忙。(他与别人比,故用the)

新概念英语语法详解:标点符号和语法有啥关系?

你知道吗?9月24日,是美国National Punctuation Day(国家标点日)。

为了这个纪念日,这项活动的组织者号召读者以标点为题写haiku(俳句),其中一位读者写的俳句是这样的:

Are you Brit or Yank? Show me your quotation marks And I’ll tell you which.

你是英国佬还是美国佬?给我写个有引号的句子,我就告诉你答案。

据说英国人和美国人使用引号时的确有个往往被忽略的细微差别,请看维基百科上举的例子:

"Carefree," in general, means "free from care or anxiety." (American practice)

"Carefree", in general, means "free from care or anxiety". (British practice)

前面一句的逗号在引号内,是美国习惯用法;而后面一句的逗号在引号外面,是英国习惯用法。不管是在引号内还是在引号外,这个逗号还真

不是逗你玩的,很有内涵。请看以下例句:

My older sister, Betty, bought me a gift.

我姐姐,贝蒂, 给我买了个礼物

如果同样这几个词写成:My older sister Betty bought me a gift。按照芝加哥格式手册(The Chicago Manual of Style)的解释,上述这两个句子的含义有一个显著不同:前者说明说话人只有贝蒂这一个sister,而按照第二句,说话人应该还有其他姐妹。所以美国人说:The

commas are not just commas, they are facts.

当然,对这类语法规矩不可走火入魔,如果有人写下这样的句子:

My husband Dave bought me a gift.

我丈夫戴维给我买了个礼物。

尽管在“戴维”这个名字前后没有逗号,但是说话人一般来说也不可能有两个以上的丈夫。

对比而言,中文里逗号用得比英文里用得多,因此英翻中的时候,会平白多出很多逗号。台湾学者余光中先生举例说:根据英文的语法,例如下面这句话,里面的逗点实在是多余的,可是删去之后,读起来就太急促了:

“我很明白,他的意思无非是说,要他每个月回来看我一次,是不可能的”。

余光中先生还引用了台湾19xx年1月号《幼狮文艺》上翻译的狄更斯《圣诞颂歌》( A Christmas Carol )中的一句话:

“而且,史克鲁治甚至没有因这桩悲惨的事件而伤心得使他在葬礼那天无法做一个卓越的办事人员以及用一种千真万确的便宜价钱把葬礼搞得庄严肃穆”

这一句话“而且”之后一共62个字不用标点,令人读的气短。用余光中先生的话说,从译文来看“无论如何不懂为什么狄更斯是文豪”。这一段文字的英语原文其实是这样的:

And even Scrooge was not so dreadfully cut up by the sad event, but that he was an excellent man of business on the very day of the funeral, and solemnised it with an undoubted bargain.

吴钧陶先生所翻译的《圣诞颂歌》,其中这一句,是这样的:

“可是即使这位私刻鲁挤,对于这桩伤心事,也并不那么难受的不得了,而就在举行葬礼那天,他还是一个出色的生意人,用道道地地的生意经举行了那次葬礼”。

吴先生一共用了五个逗号,而英文原文只有一个逗号。正如余光中先生所说:“英文用逗点是为了文法,中文用逗点是为了文气。”(《变通的艺术》)我觉得说“文气”太文,还可再通俗些,其实中文加逗号就是为了“喘气”。

新概念英语语法详解:通过幽默句子学习让步状语从句

一、 让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句的连词有:

1. Although/though(尽管,虽然),even though/even if(即使)

Although与though两者意思相同,一般可互换,都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用。

There is no such thing as a convincing [令人信服的] argument, although every man thinks he has one.

根本就没有什么令人信服的论证,虽然每个人都认为自己可以。

注:每个人都觉得自己不会被别人说服,但自己可以说服别人。

It has been said that although God cannot alter the past, historians[历史学家] can.

据说尽管上帝不能改变过去,历史学家可以。

注:有些历史是历史学家编的。

Although there exist many thousands of subjects for elegant conversation, there are people who cannot meet a cripple(瘸子) without talking about feet.

尽管存在无数个优雅的话题,总有一些人遇见瘸子就谈论脚。

注:有些人说话没有水平,别人不爱听什么他就说什么。

I own I would rather choose a wife of mine to have the usual number of limbs(肢体)?.and although one eye may be very agreeable, the prejudice has always run in favor of two.

我承认我宁愿选择一个四肢健全的妻子??尽管一只眼睛也很令人愉快,但世俗的偏见还是认为两只眼睛好。

注:他最终还是没有冲破世俗的偏见,选择了两只眼睛的妻子。

First, I want to thank you for that great introduction[介绍] ____ although it did confuse my wife. Half-way through she nudged (用肘轻推)me to find out who else was speaking tonight.

首先我想感谢你们这么精彩的介绍——尽管确实迷惑了我太太,她一直用胳膊肘捅我想知道

今晚的演讲者还有谁。

注:演讲嘉宾听完主持人对自己全是溢美之词的介绍后这么说,意思是我太太都不知道你们介绍得是谁。

Though I am the perfect height of five-feet-nine-and-a-half I always feel depressed[沮丧的] in the presence of a man six-feet-two.

尽管我有着完美皿英尺9寸半的身高,但在身高6英尺2的人面前总感到情绪低落。

注:这是一个容易受伤但很有上进心的男人。

注意:though还可以用作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。

He said he would come; he didn’t, though.

I have been a selfish human being all my life, in practice, though not in principle.

我一生都很自私,只是在实践上,原则上可不是这样。

注:嘴上可不自私。

场景再现:鼓励别人勇于表达自己:

Speak your mind, even if your voice shakes.

说出你的思想,即使你的声音在颤抖。

注:声音颤抖可能是紧张,也可能内心有不可告人的秘密,怕说错话被别人发现。

Let us all be happy and live within our means, even if we have to borrow the money to do it with.

我们要在力所能及的情况下愉快地生活,即使不得不借钱这样做。

注:如果有能力借钱生活,是不是也是力所能及的生活呢?

No furniture is as charming as books, even if you never open them or read a single word.

任何家具都不象书这样有魅力,即使你从来没有打开或一个字都不读。

注:有些人家里、办公室里摆了很多书,就想显着有学问,实际上他们从来不看。

2. As引导让步状语从句倒装

As从句一般放在主句之前,须用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词,前置时要省略冠词。

Much as he is opposed to lawbreaking, he is not bigoted[固执的] about it.

尽管他十分反对干违法的事,但并不一根筋。

新概念英语语法详解:如何把主动语态变为被动语态

一、主动语态和被动语态概说

英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be 过去分词”构成:

Everybody likes him. 大家都喜欢他。 (主动语态)

He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜欢。(被动语态)

二、主动语态变被动语态的方法

1. 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法

将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be 过去分词),将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语):

He broke the cup. → The cup was broken by him.

【注意】若不强调动词执行者,被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略:

He was born in 1986. 他生于19xx年。

What is this flower called? 这种花叫什么花?

2. 双宾动词的被动语态

双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词,它们在变为被动语态时,通常是把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语):

He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.

有的动词则通常把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语,而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for,与所搭配的动词有关):

He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her. (与动词write搭配用介词to)

She made him a new coat. → A new coat was made for him. (与动词make搭配用介词for)

有时以上两种方式均可用:

He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。

→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.

He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。

→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.

3. 被动语态的时态

被动语态的时态由被动结构“be 过去分词”中的动词be来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:

(1) 一般现在时的被动语态:am [is, are] 过去分词

English is taught in our school. 我们学校学英语。

We are taken good care of at school. 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。

(2) 一般过去时的被动语态:was [were] 过去分词

He was taken to the police station. 他被带到了警察局。

The house was built ten years ago. 这座房子是10年前建的。

(3) 一般将来时的被动语态:will be 过去分词

A new building will be built here soon. 不久这里将建一栋新楼。

The meeting will be held at two this afternoon. 会议将于今天下午2点举行。

(4) 现在完成时的被动语态:have [has]been 过去分词

All the work has been done now. 所有的工作现在都做好了。

Have the letters been posted? 信都寄了吗?

(5) 过去完成时的被动语态:had been 过去分词

He said the work had been finished. 他说工作已完成了。

(6) 现在进行时的被动语态:am [is, are] being 过去分词

My watch is being repaired by him. 我的表正在由他修理。

The plan is now being discussed. 计划现在正在讨论。

(7) 过去进行时的被动语态:was [were] being 过去分词

He said that the man was being operated on. 他说那个人正在动手术。

He told me that a new station was being built. 他说正在修建一个新车站。

(8) 过去将来时的被动语态:would be 过去分词

He said that the meeting would be held next week. 他说会议将于下周举于。

4. 含有情态动词的被动形式

若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词,在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词,其结构为“情态动词 be 过去分词”:

Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone.

请看以下带情态动词被动句实例:

This can’t be done in a short time. 这不是短期内可以完成的。

Can this be done by machine? 这可以由机器来做吗?

The work must be done at once. 这工作必须马上做了。

新概念英语语法详解:不定式的否定式的构成

通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之前,即构成not to do 或never to do 的形式,

注意not和never一定要放在不定式符号to的前面,而不是其后面。如:

The doctor advised me not to smoke. 医生劝我不要抽烟。

Father warned me never to drive after drinking. 父亲警告我不要酒后开车。

【注】若不定式为完成式和被动式,否定词应置于整个结构之前。如:

She pretended not to have seen him. 她假装没看见他。

It is nice not to be dependent on others. 不依靠别人是好的。

2. so as to do sth 和in order to do sth 的否定式

对于这两个结构的否定式,通常是将否定词置于不定式符号to之前,而不是置于整个结构之前或其他位置。如:

Study hard so as not to fail the exam. 努力学习,以免考试不及格。

He came in quietlyin order not to wake his wife. 他轻轻进来,以免把他妻子吵醒

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