八年级上
一 语法：
（1）形容词和副词比较级相关知识点
一、有关原级的用法
1.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too
例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
My brother runs so fast that I can?t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
2.原级常用的句型结构
(1)―甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙‖表示―甲和乙程度相同‖或―甲是乙的几倍‖
例如，Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。
Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。
―甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙‖表示―甲和乙程度相同‖或―甲是乙的几倍‖
例如，Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。
Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。
(2)―甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙‖甲不如乙…
例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。
―甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙‖甲不如乙…
例如，He doesn‘t walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。
二、形容词副词比较级的用法
1.可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿even甚至，still仍然
例如，Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。
Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快
She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。
2.比较级常用的句型结构
(1)―甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙‖表示―甲比乙…‖或―甲比乙…几倍‖
例如，Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。
This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。
―甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙‖表示―甲比乙…‖或―甲比乙…几倍‖
例如，I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。
He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。
(2)―甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)‖表示―甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……‖，含义是―甲最……‖。
例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。 =The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。
注意：The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。
―甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)‖表示―甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……‖，含义是―甲最……‖。
例如，Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。
= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。= Mike gets
八年级上
to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。
注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom‘s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)
(3)―甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+……‖表示―甲是两者中较……的‖。
例如，Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。
(4)―比较级+and+比较级‖表示―越来越……‖。
例如，He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。
(5)―the+比较级，the+比较级‖表示―越……，越……‖。
例如，The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you‘ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。
(6)―特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？‖
例如，Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？
―特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？‖
例如，Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？
3.最高级常用句型结构
(1)―主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语‖表示―……是……中最……的‖。
例如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。
―主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语‖表示―……是……中最……的‖。
例如，I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
(2)―主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语‖表示―……是……中最……之一‖。
例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。
(3)―特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？‖用于三者以上的比较。
例如，Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？ ―特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？‖用于三者以上的比较
例如，Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？
三、形容词和副词比较级常用句型
1.当A > B时，用―比较级+ than +比较对象‖来表示。
如：My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。
She got there earlier than I did. 她比我到得早。
注意：一般来说，比较对象为人称代词时，用主格或宾格均可。但是，当句子中谓语动词为及物动词时，人称代词用主格或宾格意义不同。
如：I like you better than he (likes you). 我比他更喜欢你。
I like you better than (he likes) him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。
2.当A > B，但B包含A时，则须用other来将A排除出去，即：（1）用―比较级+ than + any other +名词单数‖来表示。
如：China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比其他任何亚洲国家都要大。
（2）用―比较级+ than + any of the other +名词复数‖来表示。
如：He is older than any of the other boys in his class. 他比他班上任何同学年纪都大。
（3）用―比较级+ than + all the other +名词复数‖来表示。
如：Your department spent more last year than all the other departments put together.
八年级上
你们部门去年的花销比其他所有部门的加起来还多。
（4）用―比较级+ than + （any of） the others‖来表示。
如：I received less money than the others did. 我比别人收到的钱少。
5）用―比较级+ than + the other +名词复数‖来表示。
如：He is cleverer than the other students in his class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。
6）用―比较级+ than + anyone else‖来表示。
如：You know him better than anyone else. 你对他比任何别人都更了解。
3.当A > B，但B不包含A时，句型为：
（1）用―比较级+ than + any of the +名词复数‖来表示。
如：He is richer than any of the people here. 他比这儿的任何人都有钱。
（2）用―比较级+ than + any +名词单数‖来表示。
如：I?m taller than any student of your class. 我比你们班的任何学生都高。
4.当A = B时，用―as +原级+ as +比较对象‖来表示。
如：She is as tall as me. 她与我一样高。
He gets up as early as his parents. 他起床与他父母起得一样早。
-规则变化如下:
1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
great (原级) (比较级) (最高级)
2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。
wide (原级) (比较级) (最高级)
3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
clever(原级) (比较级) (最高级)
4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成. happy (原形) (比较级) (最高级)
5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。
big (原级) (比较级) (最高级)
6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。
beautiful (原级)? (比较级) (比较级)
difficult (原级) (最高级) (最高级)
常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:
原级------比较级------最高级
good------better------best many------more------most
much------more------most bad------worse------worst
far------farther, further------farthest, furthest
（2）英语代词情态动词总结及练习题
情态动词专题：
（一）情态动词的定义 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。
（二）情态动词的特点 1）有一定词义； 2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；
3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。
（三）情态动词的分类和意义意义情态动词
八年级上
（四）情态动词的基本用法
1. can (could)1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。Could the girl read she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？
2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。
The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. 气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。 He can‘t (couldn‘t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。
3）表示允许。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？
He can‘t (couldn‘t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。
How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？
5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？
I‘m afraid we couldn‘t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。
2. may (might)
1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。
He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。
May (Might) I ask for photo your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don‘t ./ You‘d better not. / No, you mustn‘t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。
2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。
He may be at home. 他可能在家。
She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。
He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。
They might be having a meeting, but I‘m not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。
3. Must
1）表示义务。意为―必须‖（主观意志）。
We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。
You mustn‘t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。
--Must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？
--No, you needn‘t. / No, you don‘t have to. 不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustn‘t）
2）表示揣测。意为―想必、准是、一定‖等，只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。
She‘s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。
4. Shall
1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？
Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？
2）表说话人的意愿，有―命令、允诺、警告、决心‖等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。
八年级上
（允诺）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。
（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）
5. Will
1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。
None is so blind as those who won‘t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。
If you will read the这本书，我会把它借给你。
2）表请求，用于疑问句。
Will you close the window? It‘s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。
Won‘t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？
3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 The door won‘t open. 这门打不开。
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。
6. Should
1）表义务。意为―应该‖（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。You shouldn‘t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。
2）表推测，意为―想必一定、照说应该、估计‖等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。
7.Would
1）表意I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。
2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？
Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？
They wouldn‘t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。
3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。
8. ought to
1）表义务，意为―应该‖（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。You oughtn‘t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。
2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。
There‘s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。
9. used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。
There used to be a building at the street corner, bn. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。
I usedn‘t (didn‘t use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。
Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？
（一）need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1.用作情态动词--Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗？ --需要。
You needn‘t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。
I don‘t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。
She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。
八年级上
How dare you say I‘m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平？
Not one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事。
2.用作实义动词You don‘t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。
We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。
The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。
We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。
He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。
I dare day he‘ll come again. 我想他会再来的。（I dare say…为固定习语）
（二）情态动词后跟完完成这项工作的。
He isn‘t here. He must have missed the train. 他还未到，一定是没赶上火车。
Where can (could) he gone? 他能到那里去了呢？
You may (might) have read about it. 你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。
You could (might) have been more careful. 你本来可以更细心的。
He needn‘t have worried it. 他本不必为此事担心。
There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. You ought to have come, but why didn't you? 昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来，为何不来呢？
2. 情态动词后跟进行式，表示―想必正在……‖，―可能正在……‖，―应当正在‖等意。It‘s twelve o‘clock. They must having lunch. 现在是十二点。他们一定正在吃饭。
1．May I stop my car here? No, you_＿＿＿. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. don't have to
2. Must we clean the house now? No, you _______. A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. can't B. dares not telling C. dare not tell D. dares not to tell B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not A. won't...can't B. mustn't...may C. shouldn't, must D. can't...shouldn't
6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_____ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to B. shall not C. won't D. shouldn't A. will B. can C. need D. shall A. need B. shall C. ought to D. must
10. I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She_____it.A. must receive B. can't receive C. might receive D. must have received
八年级上
11.The professor gave orders that the experiment_____ before 5:30p.m.
A. be finished B. will finish C. must be finished D. would be finished
12. There was plenty of time. You_____.
A. mustn't hurry B. mustn't have hurried C. needn't hurry D. needn't have hurried wasn't able to
14. ______I go back before lunch? No, I don't think you________.A. Need...must B. Do...need to C. Must...have to
D. May .... ought to A. needn't....must B. may not...must C. needn't....needn't D. can't....must
16. Would you open the window please ? Yes, I______. A. will B. would C. do D. can A. Should B. Can C. will D. shall
18. ____Must I finish this novel this morning ? ____No, you_____. A. mustn't B. might not C. don't have to D. can't D. must...can must have come
21. I wish to go home now,_________ I? A. may B. can't C. must D. do
22. He must have finished his homework, he? A. mustn't B. didn't C. needn't D. hasn't A. must B. can C. may D. might A. must have worked B. ought to have worked C. would have worked D. has worked
初中英语基本语法结构
运用的基本结构可以分为五个类型。
八年级上
1、 主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）
列如：She is a student （身份） He has become an engineer
It tastes sweet They are in the classroom
动词是系动词，其后的表语表示主语的身份，特征或者状态。英语中可用作系动词的数量很少，最常用的是be的各种变化形式，系动词，如become，turn，look，seem，appear，sound，taste，smell，remain，prove，keep，fall，等
2、 主语+动词（S+V）
列如：water flows He is reading
She has arrived They will come Mary cried
例如：They have reached NEW YORK They have arrived at NEWYORK
3、主语+动词+宾语（S+V+O）
例如：Tom speaks English He bought a jacket
They have finished the job Rose is reading a book
及物动词，其后必须跟一个宾语
3、 主语+动词+宾语+宾语（S+V+O+O）
例如：Mr Brown teaches them English Mother told me a story
Give us a ring when you arrive at the college
The students are giving the classroom a thorough clean up
直接宾语是动作承受者或结果，间接宾语则表示动作是为谁做的
4、 主语+动词+宾语+补语(S+V+O+C)
例如：We elected him chairman We should keep the classroom clean
I want her to come She had a new dress made、
She heared him singing 宾语和补语在逻辑上是主与表或者主与谓的关系。也就是说补语表示宾语的特征，身份，状态，或是宾语的行为动作。如果这一结构的句子变为被动句，那么原来的宾语变成了主语，后面的补语便是主语的补语
：We found him（reading in the library）（括号内表示宾语的补语）
所有者成分都是必不可少的，缺少任何一个成分都会破坏句子结构的完整性。句子结构中的基本成分包括主语、动词、表语、宾语、和补语、英语句子中还有起修饰作用的定语和状语，以及起解释说明作用的同位语。下面括号部分即为定语、状语和同位语。
例如：She is a good student
They will come soon
Mr Brown，Tom?s father ，is an engineer
因此，英语的句子成分主语有主语，动词，表语，宾语，补语，定语，状语和同位语。问题：名词作表语和名词作单宾之间的区别？名词作宾语补足语和名词作直接宾语的差别？
八年级上
分析下列各句属于哪种基本结构，并划出各个句子成分。
1、I saw Jane in the reading room
2、Production grows rapidly
3、They treated me as their own son
4、His classmates made him their monitor
5、Victor passed Robert the ball
6、You did not need to arrive so early
7、The children ran merrily after him
8、It is getting dark
9、Martin，my good friend，has given me a lot of help
10、Circumstances do not permit me to leave
11、The population of city rose by 20 percent
12、She had a new dress made
13、Her face turned red at his words
14、The old professor lectures twice a week
15、Tom become a good student at last
16、I want that blue skirt ,the one on the left
17、They will have a meeting in room 205
18、Her parents bought her a new radio
19、She told us a lot of interesting stories
20、The food smells nice
现在进行时
1. 现在进行时的定义
现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作，有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。如： The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。
The farmers are getting in their crops. 农民们正在收割庄稼。
We are making preparations for the conference. 我们一直在为会议作准备。
2. 现在进行时的结构
现在进行时由―am / is / are + 现在分词‖构成。如：
I‘m studying at Yu Cai Senior Middle school. 我在育才中学读书。
He is writing on the desk. 他再课桌上写字。
They are talking about their visiting the Great Wall. 他们在谈论游长城的事情。
【说明】动词现在分词的构成方法：
(1) 一般在动词后加-ing。如：say—saying, play—playing, think—thinking, study—studying, teach —teaching,
八年级上
blow—blowing, build—building.
(2) 动词若以-e结尾, 则去e再加-ing。如：love—loving, make—making, guide—guiding, date—dating.
(3) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：begin—beginning, regret—regretting, plan—planning, ban — banning.
(4) 在以ie结尾的动词后，改ie为y，再加-ing。如：lie—lying, die—dying, tie—tying.
(5) 在以-c[k] 结尾的动词后加-king。如：picnic—picnicking, panic—panicking.
3. 现在进行时的应用
(1) 表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。如：
They are planting trees on the mountain. 他们在山上植树。
Mother is preparing supper in the kitchen. 母亲在厨房做晚饭。
(2) 有些非持续性动词的进行时可以表示动作即将进行或发生，或表示动作的重复。如：
He is joining the army. 他要参军了。
They are buying the house. 他们要买那座房子。
(3) 当现在进行时中有always, forever, constantly, continually修饰时，表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如: Why is the baby always crying? 为什么那个老是在哭。
They are always helping us. 他们总是帮助我们。
注意：表示状态、感觉、心理活动的静态动词，一般不使用语进行时态。
一、选择题练习
1. Who _____ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing
2. It‘s eight o‘clock. The students _____ an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having
3. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries
4. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing
5. Don‘t talk here. Grandparents _____. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep
6. Tom is a worker. He _____ in a factory. His sisters _____ in a hospital.
A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works
7. Who _____ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking
8. Mrs Read _____ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans
9. We _____ music and often _____ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening
10. She _____ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. Getting
11. On Sundays he sometimes _____ his clothes and sometimes _____ some shopping.
A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does
12. The twins usually _____ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _____ some coffee for it.
A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have
二、填空：
1. My father always __come____(come) back from work very late.
2. The teacher is busy. He __sleeps___ (sleep) six hours a day.
3. Listen! Joan __is singing__(sing) in the classroom. She often __sings__ (sing) there.
4. _Does__ your brother ___know___(know) Japanese?
5. Where __do___ you ____have___ (have) lunch every day?
6. The girl ___likes____(like) wearing a skirt. Look! She ___is wearing___(wear) a red skirt today.
宾语从句
八年级上
一.宾语从句的定义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 。代词：who, whose, what ,which 。副词：when ,where, how, why 等。
（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see,
believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句：I don‘t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情况中that不能省略
1当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
例句：I can‘t tell him that his mother died.
注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。
例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是―是否‖。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。 例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
1在带to的不定式前
例句：We decided whether to walk there.
1在介词的后面 例句：I‘m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
2在动词后面的宾语从句 例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
3直接与or not连用时 例句：I can‘t say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1 if引导条件状语从句，意为―如果‖ 例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
2 if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 例句：He asked if I didn‘t come to school yesterday.
3 引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时 例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
八年级上 例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。
例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：1 I don‘t know what they are looking for. 2 Could you tell me when the train will leave?
3 Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
四.宾语从句的时态
1主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 2主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn‘t finished her work on time.
3 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五.宾语从句的特点
1宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。 2 宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
3连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。
4whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。
5 如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.
宾语从句专项训练
1．I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow．_________ he comes，I'll tell you．
A．if；Whether B．whether；Whether C．if；That D．if；If
2．I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow．
A．when does he come B．how will he come C．if he comes D．whether he'll come
3．Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？
A．what B．how C．whether D．where
4．Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？
A．how did he mend B．what did he mend C．how he mended D．what he mended
5．I want to know _________ ．
A．whom is she looking after B．whom she is looking C．whom is she looking D．whom she is looking after
6．Do you know where _________ now？ A．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live
7．Do you know what time ____？
A．the train leave B．does the train leave C．will the train leave D．the train leaves
8．I don't know _________ ．Can you tell me，please？
A．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players
C．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are
9．The small children don't know _________ ．
A．what is their stockings in B．what is in their stockings
C．where is their stockings in D．what in their stockings
10．I can't understand _________ ．
A．what does Christmas mean B．what Christmas does mean
C．what mean Christmas does D．what Christmas means
八年级上
II．按要求转换句型。
1．Does Mr．Brown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？（改写句子）
→Could you tell us _________ Mr．Brown _________ living in China？
2．―Does the girl need any help？‖he asked me．（变为复合句）
→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
3．Jim is not a student．Tom is not a student，either．（合并为一个句子）
_________ Jim _________ Tom is a student．
4．When does the train leave？I want to know．（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know _________ the train _________ ．
5．They went home after they had finished their homework．（用not．．．until改写）
They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
6．Did Peter come here yesterday？Li Lei wants to know．（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday．
宾语从句专项训练参考答案：
I．1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBD
II．1．if／whether；enjoys 2．if／whether；needed 3．Neither；nor 4．when；leaves 5．didn't；until 6．whether；came