英语语法:英语从句完全汇总

名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。

一.主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

It is in the morning that the murder took place.

It is John that broke the window.

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is +名词+从句

It is a fact that … 事实是…

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that …是常识

(2) it is +形容词+从句

It is natural that… 很自然…

It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

(3) it is +不及物动词+从句

It seems that… 似乎…

It happened that… 碰巧…

(4) it +过去分词+从句

It is reported that… 据报道…

It has been proved that… 已证实…

(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)

That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)

(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)

That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)

(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)

Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)

(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)

Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)

4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that 则不然。例如：

1) What you said yesterday is right.

2) That she is still alive is a consolation.

二.宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如：

I heard that be joined the army.

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：

1) She did not know what had happened.

2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如：

She told me that she would accept my invitation.

2. 作介词的宾语

例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容词的宾语

例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.

That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：

Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud,

surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4. It 可以作为形式宾语

It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：

We heard it that she would get married next month..

这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：

I admire their winning the match. (right)

I admire that they won the match. (wrong)

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：

He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)

He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)

7. 否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess,

imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：

I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)

三.表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

四.同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：

1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the

people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语)

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分)

第二篇：英语语法之主语从句

主语从句

定义：在复合句中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。

A：为了强调主语从句的内容，可将从句置于句首

That you are leaving is a pity.

你要走，真遗憾。

What matters is how you live.

重要的是你如何生活。

Where he lives is not clear.

他住哪儿不清楚。

Who will stay makes no difference.

谁留下来都一样。

Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.

足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。

☆：连词that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可以省，反意问句用it。 That he has lost his watch is not true, is it?

他手表丢了不是真的，是吗？

B： 大部分主语从句都可以用it作形式主语

为了保持句子平衡，主语从句常用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置。用it

作形式主语的主语从句结构有如下几种：

（1）It is + 名词 + that从句

It's a pity that we can't go.

很遗憾我们不能去。

It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

英语正在被人们接受为一种国际语言，这是一个事实。

It is no wonder that he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.

难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。

（2）It is + 形容词 + that从句

It is certain that she will do well in her exam.

毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

It is probable that he told her everything.

很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?

下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？

（3）It + 动词 + that从句

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It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.

艾丽丝似乎不来参加晚会。

It happened that I was out that day.

碰巧我那天外出了。 (= I happened to be out that day.)

☆比较：

It is reported that there was a fire in the supermarket last night. 据报导超市昨晚失火了。(主语从句)

As is reported, there was a fire in the supermarket last night. 据报导超市昨晚失火了。(定语从句)

（4）It is + 过去分词 + that从句

It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.

据说格林先生已经到了北京。

It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.

据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。

☆必背：

用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：

It is said that... 据说…… It is reported that... 据报导……

It is well known that... 众所周知…… It is announced that... 据宣布……

It is believed that... 人们相信…… It is thought that... 人们认为……

It is understood that... 自不待言…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……

It must be admitted that... 必须承认……

（5） 其他情况

It doesn't matter whether she will come or not.

她是否来这无关紧要。

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.

我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

It suddenly occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door. 她突然想到她忘记锁门了。

（6）注意事项

1.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，宜用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。

Is it possible that they may complete the task ahead of time? 他们有可能提前完成任务吗？

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Does it matter much that he won't be able to come tomorrow? 他明天来不了很要紧吗？

2.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，宜用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。 How strange it is that the students are so quiet!

学生们这么安静真奇怪！

What a shame it is that you cannot stay for dinner!

你不能留下来吃饭多可惜呀！

3.连接代词what, whoever, whatever, whichever等引导的主语从句不宜用it作形式主语。

Is what he told us really true?

他所告诉我们的的确是真的吗？

Whichever of you want to come to our party will be welcome. 你们中任何想来参加我们晚会的人都欢迎。

C： 使用虚拟语气的主语从句

1.在It is suggested, ordered, requested, insisted, etc. + that从句中，谓语部分用should + 动词原形，should常被省略。

It is suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time. 有人建议我们再做一次实验。

2.在It is important, natural, necessary, etc. + that从句中，谓语部分常用should + 动词原形，should常被省略。

It is important and necessary that we (should) keep the balance of nature.

我们要维持生态平衡，这是重要而且必不可少的。

3.在It is funny, strange, surprising, a pity, a shame, no wonder, etc. + that从句中，有时谓语部分用should + 动词原形，来表达说话者的感情色彩，此时should也可省略。

It is a pity that you (should) miss such a good chance.

真遗憾你竟然失去这么好的机会。

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