人教版新目标七年级英语上册英语语法复习
摘要:一.词汇 ⑴单词 1.介词:in,on,under,behind,near,at,of
1).in表示 在 中 , 在 内 。例如: in our class在我们班上 in my bag在我的书包里 in the desk在桌子里 in the classroom在教室里 2).on表示 在 上 。例如: on the
一.词汇
⑴单词
1.介词:in,on,under,behind,near,at,of
1).in表示"在……中","在……内"。例如:
In our class在我们班上 In my bag在我的书包里
In the desk在桌子里
In the classroom在教室里
2).on表示"在……上"。例如: On the wall在墙上
On the desk在桌子上
On the blackboard在黑板上
3).under表示"在……下"。例如: Under the tree在树下 Under the chair在椅子下 Under the bed在床下
4).behind表示"在……后面"。例如:
Behind the door在门后 Behind the tree在树后
5).near表示"在……附近"。例如:
Near the teacher's desk在讲桌附近
Near the bed在床附近
6).at表示"在……处"。例如: At school在学校
At home在家
At the door在门口
7).of表示"……的"。例如:
A picture of our classroom我们教室的一幅画
A map of China一张中国地图
2.冠词a/an/the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开
头的词前,如a book;an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat.
这是一只猫。
It' s an English book. 这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?
------What can you see in the classroom?
------I can see a bag. ------Where's the bag? ------It's on the desk. -------你能在教室里看到什么呀?
------我能看见一个书包。 ------书包在哪呀?
------在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如: There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
4.family
family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式is;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family.我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now.我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers.他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing.我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now.他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family.这是一张我全家的照片。
5.little的用法
A little dog一只小狗,a little boy一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词。
There is little time.几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup.杯中水很少。
⑵词组
On the desk在桌子上
Behind the chair在椅子后 Under the chair在椅子下面 In her pencil-box在她的铅笔盒中
Near the door在门附近
A picture of a classroom一个教室的图片
Look at the picture看这张图片 The teacher's desk讲桌
A map of China一张中国地图 Family tree家谱
Have a seat坐下,就坐 This way这边走
二.日常用语
1.Come and meet my family.
2.Go and see.I think it's Li Lei.
3.Glad to meet you.
4.What can you see in the picture?I can see a clock/some books.
5.Can you see an orange?Yes,I can./No,I can't.
6.Where's Shenzhen?It's near HongKong.
7.Let me see.(口语)让我想想看。see在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见"。For example:
三.语法
1.名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:
(1).一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
My mother's friend我妈妈的朋友
(2).如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'"。例如:
Teachers' Day教师节
The boys' game男孩们的游戏
(3).如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s"。例如:
Children's Day儿童节 Women's Day妇女节
(4).表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如: Lucy and Lily's room Lucy和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
A map of China一幅中国地图
The name of her cat她的猫的名字
A picture of my family我的家庭的一张照片
The door of the bedroom卧室的门
2.祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。
(1).祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see.去看看。
Come in,please.请进。
(2).祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books.不要看书。
Don't play on the road.不要在马路上玩。
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much+不可数名词+is there+地点状语?
How much water is there in thecup?杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl?碗里有多少食物?
中学英语语法网络图
一.名词
I.名词的种类:
专有名词普通名词
国名.地名.人名,
团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词
个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词
II.名词的数:
1.规则名词的复数形式:
名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:
规则例词
1一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days
2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes
3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves,thief-thie
ves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives
加-s belief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs
4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities 5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys
6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos
两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos
7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos
8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,
第二篇:人教新目标七年级下英语语法复习指导
人教新目标七年级下英语语法复习指导
一、复习向导
* 单元知识体系表(单元、主题、语法项目)
* 本册重点知识(与中考说明双项细目表结合)
* 交际话题
* 写作
* 分课时复习
二、单元知识体系表
三、横向语法项目总结
* (一)介词的使用(U2)
* (二)形容词的使用(U3、4、7)
* (三)(复习)可数名词和不可数名词(U8)
* (四)简单祈使句的使用(U12)
* (五)时态 (复习)一般现在时态 (U1、11)
现在进行时态(U5、6)
一般过去时态(U9、10)
四、本册重点知识要求标准 (参见中考说明相关部分)
1. 介词
* 掌握表示时间、位置和方式的常用介词及其词组的基本用法。例如:in, on, at, of, by, for, under, with, about, after等。
* 掌握常用动词、形容词与介词的固定搭配及其基本用法。
2. 形容词
* 掌握形容词比较级和最高级构成的一般规则。
* 掌握常见形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化形式。
* 掌握形容词比较级和最高级的基本句型及其基本用法。
as+原级形式+as…
not so (as)+原级形式+as…
比较级形式+than…
the +最高级形式+of… (in…)
Which (Who) …+比较级形式,…or…?
Which (Who) …+最高级形式,…, …or…?
* 掌握形容词作表语和定语的用法。
3. 时态
* 掌握动词的过去式、现在分词的形式。
* 掌握动词现在进行时态和一般过去时态的基本结构和基本用法。
4. 祈使句
* 掌握祈使句的构成形式及基本用法。
5. 交际话题
* 问路(U2) 打电话(U6) 就餐(U8)
五、中考说明中的写作能力要求
* 1. 能正确使用大小写字母和标点。
* 2. 能简单描述人物、活动或事件。
* 3. 写作话题与学生个人、家庭和学校生活密切相关。
* 4. 学生即能表述事实,又能表达观点、情感和态度等。
* 5. 能正确使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系。
六、解读中考说明写作要求
* 1. 主题(写人、记事)
* 2. 文章结构(开头、主体、结尾)
* 3. 时态
* 4. 句式多样
* 5. 适当使用连词
* 6. 美词使用
七、写作话题
* 个人 (U1结交笔友、U7谈论朋友外表、U3、11谈论喜好、U4谈论未来职业)
* 家庭(U9周末活动、U10节假日活动)
* 学校(U12学校规则)
八、写作方式
* 描述人物、活动或事件(U4职业、U9、10周末、节假日活动)
* 表达观点、情感和态度(U3、11谈论喜好等观点)
九、分课时复习
* 一、头脑风暴 (单元-标题-话题-词汇)
* 二、语法详解及简单练习 (幻灯片形式)
* 三、用掌握的相关语法完成任务。
* 四、巩固练习(卷子形式)
Period 1 (Review Unit 1, 2)
Brainstorming (U1 Where’s your pen pal from?、Unit 2 Where’s the post office? )
* Topic:
* Vocabulary: countries, cities, languages
* Key sentences:
介词的用法
介词练习 (幻灯片)
1. What time did you get there this morning? _______ eight. (‘03北京)
A. In B. On C. At D. From
2. Who’s the man _______ black?
He’s Mr. White. (‘03宁波)
A. in B. with C. on D. of
3. How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? I’m going there _______ my car. (‘03河北)
A. by B. in C. to D. on
4. You should make a good plan ___ you do anything important. (‘04南通)
A. before B. after C. though D. until
5. We are now short _____ fresh water. Something must be done to stop people _____ polluting it. (‘04南通)
A. for, to B. for, from C. of, to D. of, from
6. It was a very long day for Jack. He didn’t get home from school __ six o’clock. (‘04杭州)
A. since B. to C. by D. until
7. Gina was born ____ 1999. She is old enough to go to school. (‘06海淀)
A. to B. on C. at D. in
8. When do you usually get up every day?
___ about 6:00 a.m. (‘06吉林)
A. At B. On C. In D. For
9. Who will be ___ duty tomorrow? Susan will.
A. at B. on C. for D. in
10. After class, I like playing computer games and chatting ____ my friends ___ the Internet.
A. to; by B. with; on C. for; in D. about; through
Task:Can you tell me the way to …?
* Your pen pal is visiting you. He wants to buy some stamps. Please make a conversation with him to tell him the place he can go to.
Period 2 Review Unit 3, 4, 7
Brainstorming (Unit 3 Why do you like koalas? Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
Unit 7 What does he look like? )
* Topic:
* Vocabulary: animals, description words
* Key sentences:
形容词的用法
* 规则形容词的比较级和最高级构成:
* 单音节词尾+er / est few-fewer-fewest
* 以e结尾词尾+r / st nice-nicer-nicest
* 以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+er / est busy-busier-busiest
* 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后字母+er / est fat-fatter-fattest
* 多音节和部分双音节词,前面+more / most popular-more popular-most popular
* 少数词有两种变化:friendly, clever, simple
* 不规则变化
* good-better-best well-better-best
* ill-worse-worst bad / badly-worse-worst many-more-most little-less-least
far-farther-farthest far-further-further
形容词变副词
* 许多形容词词尾+ly变为副词;如果形容词以辅音+y结尾,要变y为i后+ly
quick-quickly usual-usually heavy-heavily easy-easily …
* 有些词虽然以ly结尾,但它们是形容词
friendly, ugly, lovely
形容词原级、比较级、最高级句型
as+原级形式+as…
not so (as)+原级形式+as…
比较级形式+than…
the +最高级形式+of… (in…)
Which (Who) …+比较级形式,…or…?
Which (Who) …+最高级形式,…, …or…?
三个特殊句型
* 比较级+and+比较级:越来越…
Our life is becoming better and better.
* the+比较级,the+比较级:越…,越…
The more you eat, the heavier you will be.
* one of+最高级+名词复数:最…之一
Jack is one of the best students in the school.
形容词在句中的位置
* 一般放在所修饰的名词前
a pretty girl
* 放在所修饰的复合不定代词后
nothing wrong
* 放在表示数量词组后
twelve meters long
* 放在be动词或系动词后
The flowers smell nice.
形容词练习
* 1. An elephant is ____ than a tiger.
A. heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. heavier
* 2. I am __. I want a piece of bread.
A. full B. hungry C. tired D. thirsty
* 3. Remember this, children. ___ careful you are, __ mistakes you will make.
A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more
C. The less; the less D. The more; the fewer
4. Will you please drive _______? The train is leaving soon. (‘05长春)
A. quick B. faster C. slowly D. more slowly
5. Kate is really _______. She’s never angry with others. (‘05安徽)
A. tall B. friendly C. lucky D. clever
6. I’m fourteen. My friend is sixteen. So I’m _______ him. (‘05济南)
A. as old as B. not younger than C. not so young as D. two years younger than
7. I think Alice is the right person for the job, because she’s always thinking ____ of others than of herself. (‘06安徽)
A. much B. more C. little D. less
8. Is your toothache getting better? No, it’s _____. (‘06江西)
A. bad B. serious C. worse D. the worst
9. This year our school is ___ than it was last year. (‘06陕西)
A. much more beautiful B. much beautiful
C. the most beautiful D. beautiful
Task:My favorite animal (job, friend) is….
* Please tell us your ideas according to one of the pictures with some description words.
Period 3 Review Unit 5,6,9,10
Brainstorming (Unit 5 I’m watching TV. Unit 6 It’s raining!
Unit 9 How was your weekend? Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation? )
Topic:
* Vocabulary:
* Key sentences:
动词时态
现在进行时态:
含义:表示说话时正在发生的动作
结构:be(am;is;are)+doing
常与now;at present及Look!;Listen!连用
例:He is doing his homework. 他正在做作业。
Is she watching TV at present? 她正在看电视吗?
What are they doing? 他们在做什么?
一般过去时
含义:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态
结构:动词的过去式形式做谓语
常与yesterday;last year;just now;when I was young…连用
例:I went to Beijing last year. 我去年去的北京。
They didn’t finish their homework yesterday. 他们昨天没有完成作业。
Did you teach English in a middle school ten years ago? 你十年前在一所中学教英语吗?
Where did you go just now? 你刚才去哪里了?
动词的现在分词构成
* 1. 一般情况+ing work-working
* 2. 以不发音的e结尾,去e+ing come-coming
* 3. 以重读闭音节结尾,双写最后一个字母+ing plan-planning get-getting
规则动词过去式构成
* 1. 一般情况+ed work-worked
* 2. 以不发音的e结尾+d live-lived
* 3. 以辅音+y结尾,去y变i+ed study-studied
* 4. 以重读闭音节结尾,双写最后一个字母+ed stop-stopped
时态练习
1. I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
Oh, I am sorry I _______ dinner at my friend’s home. (‘04南昌)
A. have B. had C. was having D. have had
2. What are Mr and Mrs Black doing?
They ____ tea in the garden. (‘03北京)
A. are drinking B. drank C. have drunk D. drink
3. Excuse me, please look at the sign “No smoking”.
Sorry, I _______. (‘05安徽)
A. don’t notice it B. am not noticed C. didn’t notice it D. wasn’t noticed
4. How was your weekend?
Great! We _______ a picnic by the lake. (‘06海淀)
A. have B. are having C. had D. will have
5. Every year many foreigners _______ to China to learn Chinese. (‘06陕西)
A. have come B. comes C. came D. come
6. We’ll go to the farm and help the farmers with the apple-picking if it ____ tomorrow. (‘06宁波)
A. won’t rain B. will be rainy C. doesn’t rain D. isn’t raining
Task:We are having a good time.
* You are having a good time in the evening. Please introduce what you your family members are doing in the picture.
Period 4 Review Unit U8, 11,12
Brainstorming (Unit 8 I’d like some noodles. Unit 11 What do you think of game shows? Unit 12 Don’t eat in class.)
* Topic:
* Vocabulary: TV shows, give opinions
* Key sentences:
祈使句
* 祈使句:表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等的句子。
* 祈使句的肯定句一般由动词原形开头,否定句以Don’t开头。
Be sure to get here before nine.
Please go back to your seat.
Don’t worry. I’ll be all right soon.
祈使句练习
* 用所给词组成祈使句。
* 1. draw, wall, don’t, on, the
* 2. be, here, next, on, time, time
* 3. the, play, piano, Lily
交际练习(打电话、问路、就餐)
Task:Can you help me?
* Please make a conversation with your friend according to one of the pictures.
Period 5 写作
中考说明中的写作能力要求
* 1. 能正确使用大小写字母和标点。
* 2. 能简单描述人物、活动或事件。
* 3. 写作话题与学生个人、家庭和学校生活密切相关。
* 4. 学生即能表述事实,又能表达观点、情感和态度等。
* 5. 能正确使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系。
解读中考说明写作要求
* 1. 主题(写人、记事)
* 2. 文章结构(开头、主体、结尾)
* 3. 时态
* 4. 句式多样
* 5. 适当使用连词
* 6. 美词使用
写作话题
* 个人 (U1结交笔友、U7谈论朋友外表、U3、11谈论喜好、U4谈论未来职业)
* 家庭(U9周末活动、U10节假日活动)
* 学校(U12学校规则)
写作方式
* 描述人物、活动或事件(U4职业、U9、10周末、节假日活动)
* 表达观点、情感和态度(U3、11谈论喜好等观点)
参考作文题目
一、个人
* 你班举行演讲比赛,主题是--我的朋友。你有两个笔友,你打算选择其中一位介绍给大家。你的演讲稿要包括:笔友来自哪里;家庭情况;外表;爱好;他(她)想从事的职业;你对拥有笔友的感受。(可以选用表格中的提示)
二、家庭
* 本次班会的主题是--我难忘的周末(假期)。请你写出一次难忘的周末或假期。文章内容要包括:周末(假期)活动;难忘的原因;感受。(可以选用下面的提示)
三、学校
* 家有家规,校有校规。你身边有什么样的家规或校规,你对它们是赞成还是反对。请写一篇文章,介绍你的家规或校规,并陈述你对它们的观点。(可以选用下面的提示)