高一英语必修一语法要点

一． 一般现在时

1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等

例如：I am a girl.

2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作

例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.

3. 标志性的词语

Always often sometimes now and then

4. 若助于为第三人称单数（he she it）则动词要用单三现

二． 现在进行时

1． 说话时正在进行的动作

例如：I am reading.

2.表示即将发生的动作，多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中，句子中常常有时间状语

例如：The plane is going to Beijing.

3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、 All the time等

例如：I am always thinking of you.

三． 倍数比较

1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B

例如：The class is twice as big as that one.

2.A+系动词+倍数词+adj\adv的比较级+than+B

例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.

3.A+系动词+倍数词+the size\amount(数量)\ength\width\height \depth\+of+B

例如：The class is twice the size of that class.

四． With的复合结构

1． With+宾语+宾语补足语

宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语，如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等，with在复合结构中常作状语

2.常用结构

○1with+宾语+doing

表主动与进行

例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.

○2with+宾语+done

表被动与完成

例如：With all things she need bought,she went home.

○3with+宾语+to do

表将来

例如：With so many thing to deal with.

五． 现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时

1．基本表达式（I have been doing ）

I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.

he/ she/ it has been doing sth.

2．表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中国有20xx年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）

I have been learning English since three years ago.

自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）

3．表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。

We have been waiting for you for half an hour.

我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)

4．有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。

例如：They have been living in this city for ten years.

They have lived in this city for ten years.

他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。

I have been working here for five years.

I have worked here for five years.

我在这里已经工作五年了。

5．大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。

例如：I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）

我一直在写一本书。

I have written a book.（动作已经完成）

我已经写了一本书。

They have been building a bridge.

他们一直在造一座桥。

They have built a bridge.

他们造了一座桥。

6．表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。

例如：I have known him for years.

我认识他已经好几年了。

I have been knowing...

这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢， hate讨厌，等。

注意：比较过去时与现在完成时

1．过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2．过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语

共同的时间状语:

this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

不确定的时间状语

3．现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

例如： I saw this film yesterday.

（强调看的动作发生过了。）

I have seen this film.

（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）

Why did you get up so early?

（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?

（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）

She has returned from Paris.

她已从巴黎回来了。

She returned yesterday.

她是昨天回来了。

He has been in the League for three years.

(在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years.

(是团员的状态可持续)

He joined the League three years ago.

( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)

I have finished my homework now.

---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

---He's already been sent for.

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

六．过去完成时

1． 概念：表示过去的过去

其构成是had +过去分词构成。

那时以前 那时 现在

2． 用法

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

b. 状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

3．过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

例如：He said that he had learned some English before.

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

七．现在完成进行时

1．其构成形式如下：

I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词

He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下：

2． 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：

Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.

Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

3．表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：

It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)

Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.

4． 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：

She has been playing tennis since she was eight.

5． 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：

Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.

注意：

现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。

如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好.

He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。

6．否定句构成：

主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词

7．一般疑问句构成:

Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他

第二篇：高一英语外研版必修一全部语法详解及答案

外研版必修一

语法一：

基础自学：

翻译下列词组：

1.喜欢干某事(enjoy)_____________________

喜欢干某事(like)_____________________

______________________

2.讨厌干某事(dislike)_____________________

讨厌干某事(hate)_____________________

______________________

3.一直在外面等_________________________

4.练习说英语_________________________

5.建议早出发_________________________

_________________________

6.停止谈话_________________________

停下来谈话________________________

7.忘记去关灯_______________________

忘记已关灯________________________

8.继续工作__________________________

__________________________

9. mean to do sth_______________________

mean doing sth______________________

10.try doing sth_______________________

try to do sth________________________

三、情景解疑：

填空：

1. Would you mind my___________（打开）the window?

2. He considered______________（买）a car.

3. It took the workmen only two hours to finish ________（修理）my car.

4. Can you imagine yourself ______ on a lonely island? (stay)

5. I can't understand your ______ at that poor child.(laugh)

选择：

1.We appreciateus to the ball.

A.them to invite B.to invite C.their inviting D.being invited

2. I delayed A.answer B.answering C.writing D.to post

3. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape by the police. 1

A.to be caught B.he caught C.being caught D.catching

4. —Where is my passport? I remember —You shouldn't have left it here. Remember it with you all the time.

A.to put；to take B.putting；taking C.putting；to take D.to put；taking

5. After finishing his homework he went on A.write B.writing C.wrote D.to write

四．合作探究:

v-ing形式从性质上讲相当于名词，形容词和副词。在句中充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、补语，本模块主要学习v-ing形式作宾语。

A. 请分析并标出以下句子中v-ing形式充当的句子成分：

1.Nodding the head means agreement. _____________

2.His job is selling newspapers. _____________

3.I suggested asking his father for some money. ______________

4.There is a swimming pool in our school. ______________

5.I saw him crossing the road. ______________

B. 翻译下面两组句子：

1.The classroom wants/requires cleaning. ___________________________。

I want to clean the room. ___________________________。

2. My shoes need mending. ____________________________。

He needs to repair his car. _____________________________。

分析每组中的两句话得出：Sth needs/wants/requires doing中doing 是_______表示__________。

五．巩固检测：

1.The sentence needs.

A.improve B.a improvement C.improving D.improved

2. Would you mindtrying A.keeping；filling out B.to keep；to fill out

C.keeping；to fill out D.to keep；filling out

3. The young trees we planted last week require A.looking after B.to look after C.to be looked after D.taken good care of

4. No one can avoid ____ by advertisements.

A. to be influenced B. being influenced C. influencing D. having influence

5. The suspect at last admitted ____ stolen goods but denied ____ them.

A. receiving...selling B. to receive...to sell

C. to receiving...to selling D. to have received...to have sold

6. Please stop ____, boys, I have something important to ____ you.

A. saying ...talk B. telling ... say C. talking ...speak D. talking ... tell

7. John regretted ____ to the meeting last week.

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A. not going B. not to go C. not having been going D. not to be going

8. It is difficult to get used ____ in a tent after having a soft, comfortable bed to lie on.

A. sleep B. to sleeping C. slept D. to sleep

9. He is very busy ____ his papers. He is far too busy ____ callers.

A. to write...to receive B. writing...to receive

C.writing...receiving D.to write...for receiving

10. It is no good ____ remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you have learned.

A. trying to B. to try to C. try to D. tried to

语法二：过去分词作定语

I.翻译下列短语和句子，并试着总结一下它们的共同之处。

7. We didn’t know how to deal with the changed situations.

过去分词作定语要点归纳：

1.过去分词作定语，分词所表示的动作与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系，且表示该动作已经完成。

e.g. We all like the photographs taken by our teachers.

2. 单个的过去分词作定语，常可置于被修饰词之前或之后；而过去分词短语作定语，通常置于被修饰词之后。

【注意】leave的过去分词left表示“剩余的，剩下的”时，要置于被修饰词之后。 3.过去分词作定语时，可转换为一个定语从句。

e.g. We all like the photographs (which were) taken by our teachers.

The play (which was) put on by the teachers was a big success.

四．合作探究

【思考】读下列例句，说说动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语的区别是什么？

①

②

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五．巩固检测

I. 今天的内容你学会了吗？

1. The questions at yesterday’s meeting hasn’t been made yet.

A. discussing; know B. discussed; known

C. being discussed; know D. to be discussed; know

2. The disc, digitally in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.

A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded

3. What’s the language in Germany?

A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak

4. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment A. is damaged B. had damaged C. damaged D. was damaged

5. They on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we on it as no good results have come out so far.

A. had been working; are still working

B. had worked; were still working

C. have been working; have worked

D. have worked; are still working

语法三：现在完成时

用以下短语填空

so far for a long time up to now in the past ten years since then

1. Great! I’ve been longing to visit the exhibition on the western artists as I know, everybody wants to be a model student.

3. Great changes have taken place in our hometown.

I’ve never met him.

5. Things have not change very much 三．情景解疑

现在完成时

1. 构成：has / had + 动词的过去分词

2. 基本用法：

①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。可以表示最近完成的动作，也可以表示经历或经验。

②表示过去已经开始、持续到现在（可能还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的状语连用。

3. 时间状语：just, recently, so far, up to now, till now, in the past, ever, never, for, since, these days, this year, now等。

4. 短暂性动词和延续性动词：

短暂性动词用于完成时态时，不表示延续概念，不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用，需要时要用相应 4

的延续性动词替换。常见的有：

buy →have, borrow →keep, leave →be away, die →be dead, return →be back,

put on →wear, catch a cold →have a cold, fall asleep →be asleep

【例】—

—Since two years ago.

A. How long have you joined Greener China?

B. How long did you join Greener China?

C. When did you join Greener China?

D. How long have you been with Greener China?

解析：Since two years ago.表示的是时间段，因此问话问的应该是多长时间，答案在A，B和D之间选。由于动词join是短暂性动词，无延续性，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，故选D。

四．合作探究

【思考】读下列例句，说说一般过去时和现在完成时的区别是什么？

① The light has gone out.

② The light went out.

五．巩固检测

1. —I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

—Oh, not at all, I here for only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

2. —Do you know our town at all?

—No, this is the first time I here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am going

3. I wonder why Jenny us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write

C. won’t write D. hadn’t written

4. The weather makes so much trouble. It every day so far this week.

A. will rain B. rains C. has rained D. rained

5. Ann me her address but I’m afraid I it.

A. gave; have lost B. has given; have lost

C. gives; lost D. had given; lost

语法四：比较级的特殊结构

(1)“the+比较级，the+比较级”的结构，表示“越…就越…”的意思。

Eg: The busier he is, the happier he feels.

(2)“比较级+and+比较级”结构（两个同义形容词的比较级），表示“越来越…”。

Eg: It is getting warmer and warmer.

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(3) the + 比较级+ of the two (+n),表示两者中较…的一个。

Eg: He is the taller of the two.

(4)“not + 比较级 + than”表示“A不像B那样…；A不如B…”。

“no + 比较级 + than”表示“A和B两者都不…”。

Eg : I am feeling no better than yesterday.

(5) 表示同一人或物所具有的两种品质进行比较时，不管形容词是单音节还是多音节，都用 “more + 形容词原级 + than + 形容词原级”结构表示，意思是“与其说…不如说…”。 Eg : He is more intelligent than lucky.

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参考答案

翻译下列词组：

1.enjoy doing sth; like to do sth; like doing sth

2.dislike doing sth; hate to do sth; hate doing sth

3.keep waiting outside 4.pratising speaking English

5.suggest starting early; advise starting early

6.stop talking; stop to talk

7.forget to turn off the light; forget turning off the light

8.go on working; continue to work; continue working

9.意欲干某事； 意味着干某事

10.试着干某事； 努力干某事

三、情景解疑：填空：

1.opening 2.buying 3.repairing 4.staying 5.laughing 选择： 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.D

四．合作探究:

A. 请分析并标出以下句子中v-ing形式充当的句子成分：

1. 主语 2. 表语 3. 宾语 4. 定语 5. 宾语补足语

B. 翻译下面两组句子：

1.这个教室需要打扫了。 2.我的鞋需要修了。

我想打扫这个房间。 他需要修理他的车。

分析每组中的两句话得出：Sth needs/wants/requires doing中doing 是主动表被动。

五．巩固检测：1.C 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.A

二．基础自学

I. 1.开水； 2.一个发达国家； 3.落叶； 4.馒头； 5.一名退休工人；

6.一个打碎了的杯子； 7.我们不知道如何对付这些变化了的形势。

8.我们需要更多合格的教师。

四．合作探究

动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语的区别：当被修饰词和作定语的分词有逻辑上的主谓关系时，用动词-ing形式；当被修饰词和作定语的分词有逻辑上的被动关系时，用过去分词。

五．巩固检测 BABDA

二．基础自学

1. for a long time 2. So far 3. in the past ten years 4. Science then 5. up to now

四．合作探究

① The light has gone out. 灯已经灭了。（现在还没亮。）

② The light went out. 灯灭了。（灯以前灭过，现在可能是亮的。）

现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；一般过去时则表示单纯的过去的事实，与现在没有联系。五．巩固检测 ABACA

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