··八年级下册单元知识点总结
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一、基础知识
1. What’ s the matter with you?
= What’s the trouble with you?
= What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了?
【注】: matter 和trouble 为名词, 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词,wrong 是adj. 不能加the
2. have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒
have a fever 发烧
have a cough 咳嗽
have a stomachache 胃疼,肚子疼
have a toothache 牙疼
have a headache 头疼
3. 身体部位+ache(疼痛)构成新的复合词
stomach+ache=stomachache
head+ache=headache
tooth+ache=toothache
back+ache=backache 后背痛
4. much too+形容词, 意为 太...... ,
too much+名词, 意为 很多,大量 。
5. lie down躺下,
lie lay lain lying 躺
lay laid laid laying 放 / 下蛋
lie lied lied lying 说谎
6. maybe “或许”
may be,是情态动词+be的结构,意为“可能,也许”
7. get off (the bus) 下(公交车)
get on 上车
get into 进入
get to 到达
get through 穿过;完成
8.
agree with sth. 同意某事
agree to sb. 同意某人的意见
9. be in trouble 遇到麻烦
make trouble 制造麻烦
have trouble (in) doing sth.
=have difficulties (in) doing sth 做......有麻烦。
10. right away=right now=at once 意为 马上
11. give sb. advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议; advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
advise sb. doing sth.
12.
当exercise意为“练习”时,为可数名词
当exercise意为“锻炼”时, 为不可数名词
13. be/get used to do 习惯于做某事
used to do 过去常常做…
be used to do 被用来做….
14. free time 免费的
the drink is for free; 自由的
15. run out 用完,用尽
物 sth. run out. 某物用尽了。
人 sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物
16. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事
take a risk= take risks 冒险
17. the importance of (doing) sth.
(做)某事的重要性
18. make a decision 做决定 ;
make a decision to do sth.
= decide to do sth.
决定做某事
19. be in the control of 掌管,管理
be out of control 无法控制,无法管理 be under control 被控制住,在控制之中
20. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
21. give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事
22. one of + 名词复数,做主语谓语动词用单数
one of the +最高级… ….中最…..之一
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks
一、基本知识点
1. cheer (sb.) up (让某人)变得高兴;振奋起来
2. give out= hand out 分发;散发,
give sth. out to sb. 把某物分发给某人
3. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 ,
4. alone 独自一人的,无感情色彩:
lonely (感到)孤独寂寞的,带有很强的感情色彩,可做表语或定语。
5. care for sb./sth. 照顾;照料……
take care of=look after
care about sb./sth. 关心,在意某人/事
→【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless粗心的
→【副词】carefully 仔细地
6. try out 试用,试验
7. journey 【名词】(尤指长途)旅行,行程;
trip 【名词】多指短途旅行;
8. be busy with sth. 忙于(做)什么事情
be busy doing sth. 忙于(做)什么事情
9. try doing sth. 试着去做某事
try to do sth. 尽力去做某事
try one’s best (to do sth.)
尽某人最大的努力去做某事
10. be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人、某事
11. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.
使(某人)做某事成为可能,
make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth.
使(某人)做某事成为…;
think/find it +形容词to do sth.
12. make a difference to… 对……有影响;
13. difficulty【可数/不可数】
表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数;
表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数;
14. have difficulty (in) doing sth.
= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
15. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋
excited 兴奋的,修饰人;
exciting 令人兴奋/激动的,修饰物。
16. repair 【动词】修理,修补;
fix 【动词】安装; 【fix up修理=repair】
17. come up with 提出;想出
keep up with 跟上;跟….保持联系
put up with 容忍;忍得住
end up with 结束:以….而结束
18. such +a/an + 形容词+单数名词
such +形容词+复数名词/不可数名词
注:如果名词前被many/much/few/little修饰时,只能用so,而不用such.
Unit3 Could you please clean your room?
1. Could you please do sth ? 请你(做)......好吗?
用于提出请求,希望得到对方的肯定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉。
Could 不是can的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法.
回答用can.
【常用答语】
肯定回答:Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答: Sorry , I can’t
2、take out 取出(v+ adv)
【注】: 跟代词做宾语,代词放中间;跟名词做宾语,可放在中间,也可放在后边
3. take out the trash 倒垃圾
take a walk 散步
take away 拿走,取走
take back 收回
take place 发生
take off 脱下; 起飞
3. do the dishes 洗碗
4. at least 至少 (反) at most 至少,不超过
5. finish doing sth 做完某事
6. I think two hours of TV is enough for you!
我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。
two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
7. take 的用法:
Please take some books to the classroom.
Take this medicine three times a day.
take
They usually take the bus to work.
It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.
take 构成的短语:
take a walk 去散步
take a rest 休息
take care of 照顾
take off 脱下;起飞
take up 占据
take down 拿下
take one’s time 不急;慢慢来
take one’s temperature 量体温
8. come 短语:
come across (偶然)发现
come back 回来
come up with 想出
come true 实现
come down 下来
come from=be from 来自,出生于
come in/into 进入,进来
come on 赶快,加油
come along 走吧,过来,快点
come and go 来来去去
come up 上来 c
ome out 出来,(花)开,(照片)冲洗出来
9. I’m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累! as...as ... 和......一样......
10. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I.
一周的时间,她不做任何家务,我也不做。
【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人(主语) 也不”
⑴ neither两者都不
neither …nor… 既不…也不…,
连接两个词做主语,谓语动词由后一个主语确定
⑵ 表达“…也不……” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”
—The first one wasn’t bad. — Neither was the second.
11. find +宾语+宾语补足语
【注】find → found →found v寻找
(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事
(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很……
◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth
发现做某事很困难
12.
13. surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 →surprised adj. 吃惊的
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
in surprise 吃惊地
be surprised at 对……感到吃惊
14. need v 需要
用于肯定句,是实义动词。
(1)人做主语,sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事
(2)物做主语,sth need doing sth= sth need to be done
用于否定句或疑问句,是情态动词
(1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要
(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句,肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t
— Must I go there now?
— Yes,you must/No, you needn’t
15. share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物
16. hang out 闲逛
hang up 把......悬挂/挂起
17. (1)try on 试穿
(2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】
(3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】
(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事
18.
hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。
hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。
19. help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。
【注】help v 帮助 → helpful adj. 有帮助的
(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
(2)with the help of sb.=with one’s help
在某人的帮助之下
(3)without the help of 没有在…的帮助之下
20. invite v → invitation n邀请
(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事
(2) invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地
20. have time to do sth. 有时间做某事
have time =be free 有空
21. a waste of 浪费
a waste of time 浪费时间
a waste of money 浪费金钱
waste time/money on sth
=waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱
22. spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人
◆ sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth
◆sb. +spend +时间/钱+(in) doing sth
◆spend on= pay for 支付
(2) pay →paid →paid v 支付,主语是人
◆sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth
(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费,主语是某物或某事
◆sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱
(4) take→took → taken v 花费
◆It takes /took sb. some time to do sth.
做某事花费某人多长时间
23. in order to do sth 为了做某事
24. 与get相关的短语:
get up 起床
get back 返回
get over 克服
get dressed 穿衣
get into 进入
get/be lost 丢失
get off/on 下/上车
get on well with sb. 与某人相处得好
get out of 从…出来
get warm 变暧
get ready for +n. 为…做准备
get ready to do sth. 准备做某事
get well 康复
get a chance 有机会、得到机会
get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关:(be asleep睡着)
get older 长大
24. get/ become/ go辨析:
⑴ get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。
The days are getting longer and longer.
⑵ become 强调变化的结果
It's becoming colder and colder.
⑶ go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情
go bad变坏,go blind变瞎,go hungry挨饿
25. It is important for sb. to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是重要的
26. depend on 依靠;信赖
27. do one’s part 尽职责;尽本分
do one’s part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责
28. keep +sth /sb. +adj. “使......处于某种状态”
keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事
keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事
29. develop independence 培养独立意识
develop v→development n 发展→developing adj. 发展的→developed adj. 发达的
a developing country 一个发展中国家
a developed country 一个发达国家
30. 与take相关的短语:
take photos/pictures 照像
take away 拿走
take out 取出(work out算出)
take care 当心
take a walk 散步
take medicine 服药
take place 发生
take one’s temperature 量体温
take one’s time 别着急
31. as a result 结果 (插入语,放在句首,用逗号隔开)
32. the + 比较级, the + 比较级
“越...... 越...... ”
33. provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.
供应某人某物
相当于:offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
1..用于提建议的句型有:
What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth?
….怎么样?
Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth?
为什么不呢?
.Let’s do sth . 让我们一起做某事吧。
Shall we/I do sth? 我们做…好吗?
had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事
Will/Would you please do sth 请你做…好吗?
Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗?
Would you mind doing sth? 你介意做某事吗?
【回答】
(1). 同意对方的建议时,一般用:
答语
◆ Good idea./ That’s good idea. 好主意
◆OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了
◆ Yes, please ./ I’d love to 是的/ 我愿意
◆ I agree with you 我同意你的看法
◆ No problem 没问题
◆Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以
◆Yes, I think so 对,我也这样想
(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时,一般用:
◆ I don’t think so 我认为不是这样
◆Sorry, I can’t 对不起,我不能
◆I’d love to, but…
◆ I’m afraid… 我愿意,但恐怕……
2. allow doing sth 允许做某事
allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事
be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事
allow与let的辨析:
allow指“允许”,表示“默许,听任,不加阻止”,
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事。
3 let sb do sth 让某人做某事,语意较弱,多用于口语中,let不能用于被动语态。
4. 系动词:后跟adj. 作表语
一是:(be) am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet
保持安静
二保持:stay/keep (表示持续状态)
stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康
三变化:become/get/turn (表示状态变化)
五起来:sound/look/smell/taste/feel (表示感觉)
5.find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
类似动词:hear,watch, see, feel
6 .与look相关的短语:
look for寻找 look after=take care of
look like看起来像 look the same 看起来一样 look over(仔细)检查 look through 查阅
look out 找出 look up 查字典
look around四处看 look forward to 盼望
look back(upon) 回想,回顾
look down on(upon)看不起
7 .be angry with sb. 生某人的气
angry adj. 生气的→ angrily adv. 生气地
be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with后接人】
be angry at/about sth 对某事感到生气 【at后接事】
be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气
8 .although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句。
though / although 不能与but连用
9. leave sth . somewhere 把某物忘在某地
leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下
10.argue 争吵
→argument n 争论 have an argument with sb.与某人辩论
argue with sb. 与某人争吵
argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵
argue about sth 争论某事
11. hang over 挂在......之上; 悬浮在......之上
hang out 闲逛;常去某处
hang on to 紧紧抓住
hang up 挂电话;悬挂
12. refuse =say no to v拒绝
refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事
13. instead 代替,反而,替
(1) instead 副词,代替,常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做,而做了后面的事情。
(2) instead of +n/doing 代替,而不是,放在句中
instead of 为介词短语,后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。
14. whatever = no matter what 任何,每一
15. offer v 主动给予
(1) offer to do sth 主动提出做某事
(2)offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动提供给某人某物
16. communicate v交流 communication n 交流;沟通communicate with sb. 和某人交流
17. explain 解释;说明 → explanation n 解释;说明
explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事。
explain to sb sth给某人解释某事
18. worry v 担心 → worried adj. 焦急的
worry about = be worried about 为……担心
19. compete v竞争;对抗 → competition n 竞争
compete with sb. 和某人竞争
compete against/ with 与……竞争
compete for 为……参加比赛
20. in one’s opinion 以某人的观点;在某人看来
give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点。
21.some time /sometime/some times/sometimes
【口诀】:分开是一段, 合起是某时; 分开s 是倍次,合起s是有时
(1) some time一段时间,做时间状语 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
(2) sometime adv 在某个时候,
(3) some times 名词词组,“几次,几倍” Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.
(4)sometimes=at times 有时 (一般现在时的标志词)
22. cut out 删除;删去 (v+adv) cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插队 cut off 切断(水、电)供应
23. successful 成功的【拓展】 succeed v 成功,达到 →success n 成功
→successful adj 成功的→successfully adv成功地
◆succeed in doing sth
24. continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事)
continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事(前后不是同一件事)
【拓展】continue,go on, last辨析
⑴continue v.继续,持续,指进程在时间或空间上的延续,强调持续不断,有时也可以指短暂停止后继续进行。
He continue the work for two days.他连续两天都在做这项工作。
⑵ go on指无间歇或有间歇地继续,或以某种特定方式继续。
go on to do sth继续做某事,指开始做另外一件事;
go on doing sth继续做原来所做的事情。
⑶last v.持续,延续,维持,指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续,说明某一动作要延续一段时间。
25. send away 赶走 send for 派人去请
send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射 send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物
26. kind of +adj.有点,有几分,
kind of cold 有点冷 a kind of 一种的,某种的
all kinds of 各种各样的
different kinds of 不同种类的
What kind of…?那种
27. be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
28. (1)compare…with… 把……与…..做比较
(2) compare…to… 把…..比做……
29. cause, reason, excuse辨析
⑴cause n.原因,指引起某种结果的“原因”,后接介词of.
⑵reason n.理由,原因,指决定做某事或采取某项行动的理由。
⑶excuse n.辩解,借口,指对某种行为所做的解释,可以是真的,也可以是托词。
30. It’s + adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth
【注】若形容词表示事物特征的,如:easy ,difficult, hard ,important等,须用介词for 【形容物,用for】
It’s +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.
【注】 若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点,如:good ,kind ,nice, wrong等,用介词of。【形容人用of】
31. keep on doing 继续做某事
keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事
keep up with 跟上
keep sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事
keep away from避开
32.work out 计算出、制定出、解答出
二、重点语法
1. 情态动词should与could的用法
should的用法
should为情态动词,表示劝告、建议,意为“应该”,它和其他情态动词一样,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,其否定形式为shouldn’t。
could的用法
情态动词could既是can的过去式,表示过去的能力,又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议,后接动词原形,其否定形式为couldn’t。
2.状语从句
状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种,如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。
1).until引导的时间状语从句
until意为“直到;在........之前”。注意until和not.....until在用法上的区别。
2).so that引导的目的状语从句
so that是连词,意为“为的是,以便”,引导目的状语从句。
注意so that, in order that和in order to在用法上的区别。
Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.让我记下你的号码,为的是以后好打电话给你。
3). although引导的状语从句
although的用法意思相当于though(尽管,虽然),用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but,and, so等连用,但可以和yet, still等词连用。
Unit5 What were you doing wneh the rainstorm came?
一.基础知识讲解.
过去进行时
过去进行时态
⑴ .用法:①过去某个时间正在发生的动作
②过去某段时间正在发生的动作
⑵ .与过去进行时连用的时间状语,常见的有 at nine last night/ at that time= then/at this time yesterday /
或有when the teacher came in/ while he was reading的提示
⑶ 过去进行时的构成:was\were +现在分词
⑷ 过去进行时的四个基本句型
肯定句 He was cooking at six last night.
否定句 He was not cooking at six last night.
一般疑问句 Was he cooking at six last night?
两回答 Yes ,he was. No, he wasn’t.
特殊疑问句 What was he doing at six last night?
⑸ 过去进行时的固定句型
Jim was reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候,吉姆正在读书。
Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV.
⑹请比较 He watched TV last night. (过去时间last night, 用一般过去时)
He was watching TV at nine last night. (过去时间last night+点时间at nine, 用过去进行时)
2. at the time of 在...... 的时候 (常用于过去进行时)
3. go off 发出响声, (闹钟)闹响 ,离开
go over 复习 go away 离开 go by (时间)过去 go for a walk 出去散步
go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳
4. heavy改y为i +ly 变为adv ,类似的adj还有:
5. pick up 1. 接电话 2. 捡起;拾起 3.(开车)接某人 4.学到、获得
6. so 的用法:
无实际意义,表示惊讶或领会,引出后面内容
so
so + adj./ adv “如此……”
so + adj./adv +that 从句
so + 从句 “所以“
so that +从句 “以便,为了……”
7. work有三个意思很容易弄混:
(1)表示“工作”,是不可数名词: work →worker
⑵. 表示“著作”或“作品”,是可数名词,但多用复数:
⑶ 表示“工厂”,只用复数形式,但可表示单数意义:
8. beat与win辨析
9. at first = at the beginning 最初,开始
10.
11.join/join in/take part in
(1) join=be a member of 参加 ,指加入某种组织,并成为其中的一员。
join the army / party 入伍/ 党 join the club 加入俱乐部
◆ join in 后接活动名称
◆ join sb. 加入到某个人群之中
(2) take part in 参加 ,指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。
12. get/ reach/ arrive
get to +地点=arrive in/at +地点=reach+地点
get on 上车 get up 起床 get used to 习惯于 get along with sb 与某人相处融洽 get together相聚
13. (1) happen v “发生”没有被动语态 ,主语是物,强调某事发生的偶然性
a. sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上
b. sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
(2)take place 发生,指事情有计划有安排地发生
14. make one’s way to … 在某人去……的路上(当后接地点副词时,应省略介词to)
15. 一段时间+ ago 之前,用于一般过去时
16. silence n 沉默 → silent 沉默;缄默;无声 in silence 沉默地、无声地 = silently keep silent 保持沉默
17. ⑴remember to do sth记得去做某事(此事还未做)
⑵remember doing sth记得做过某事(此事已做完)
18. take down 拆掉;拆毁
19. art n 艺术→ artist n艺术家 science n 科学→ scientist 科学家 piano n 钢琴 →pianist n 钢琴家
20.hear的用法 hear意为“听见”,强调听的结果。
【结构】:hear sb. do sth听见某人做某事; hear sb. doing sth听见某人正在做某事
hear也有“听说”之意,这时后接that引导的宾语从句。
①hear about意为“听说”,相当于hear of,后面接词或短语。
②hear from意为“收到.......的来信;有.......的消息”,=get/receive a letter from.
21. ⑴in trouble 处于困境中 get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境
⑵What's the trouble with you ?= What’s the matter with you ?= Wha’t wrong with you ?你怎么啦?
⑶have trouble (in)doing sth 做某事有麻烦
◆have problem /difficulty/fun (in) doing sth 做某事有问题/困难/乐趣
二.语法难点
1.unless引导条件状语从句
unless = if … not “除非,若不”
as soon as引导时间状语从句。 “一……就” He will come and see you as soon as he can.
3. so.......that引导结果状语从句
句型1“主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句”The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
句型2: so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句 It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.
句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句 He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.
句型4: so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句 I had so little money that I couldn’t buy a pen.
三.知识点讲解与练习
How does the story begin? 故事是怎么发生的?
【解析】begin → began → begun v 开始→ beginning n 开始 at the beginning of 在……开始
【拓展】begin to do sth/ doing sth 开始做某事
2.【解析1】tell sb. that 告诉某人
【拓展】work 短语总结:
(1) remind of 提醒,使记起 (2) remind sb. of sth 使某人记起某事
(3) remind sb. to do sth提醒某人去做某事 (4) remind sb. + that从句
【解析】What do you think about … ? “你认为……怎么样?”
= What do you think of …? = How do you like …? (用来询问对方对某人或某事的看法和观点)
What do you think about the new film?
【解析1】a good way to do sth. 一个做某事的办法
solve 常与problem 搭配,表示“解决问题”,且问题难度大。 Can you help me solve the problem?
answer 常与question搭配,表示“回答问题”, 问题难度小。 It’s your turn to answer my question.
⑴ seem to be + adj. (说明主语的特征或状态) Mr. Green seemed to be quite happy.
⑵ It seems + that 从句It seems that Mr. Green will not come again .
15.In November 1979 ,pupils in England were able to watch a new TV program called Monkey.
1979年11月,英国的学生能够看一个叫《猴子》的新的电视节目。
【解析1】be able to “能够” ,后接动词原形,强调通过努力而获得的能力,可以用于各种时态。
can “能,会”,强调自身的能力,只要一般现在时或一般过去时。
【解析】once upon a time= long long ago 从前 (常用于故事的开头)
【解析】be born 出生 通常用于一般过去时
⑴ be born in +月份/年份/ 地点 在……月/年/ 地方出生
⑵ be born on + 具体的某天 在……出生 He was born on a cold morning.
【解析】give birth (to sb /sth) 生孩子,产仔
【解析2】come out ⑴出版;发行 ⑵开花;出来;出现;披露
【解析3】more than = over 超过;多于(反)less than 少于
no more than 不只是;不仅仅是 not more than 至多;不超过
【解析4】 western 西方的 east →eastern adj. 东方的 west →western adj.西方的
south→southern adj.南方的 north→northern adj.北方的 eastern part 东部地区 western countries 西方国家
【解析】fall in love with 爱上
【解析3】get married 结婚
【拓展】marry v嫁娶
(1)A marry B. “A 与B结婚” Bill married Mary on January 1, 1994.
(2) A and B get married = A and B are married A和B结婚
get married 结婚 Kate and Tom get married last year.
(3) marry A to B “ 把A 嫁给B” She married her daughter to a rich man.
(4) be married to sb 与……结婚
【解析】 make a plan to do sth 制定计划去做某事
make a plane for sth 为了某事而制定计划
【拓展】plan→ planning → planned v/n 计划
【注意】plan 的过去式,过去分词,现在分词都要双写n
make a plan for 为……制定计划
plan to do sth 计划做某事= plan on doing sth
【辨析】whole/all
常用词组:above all 首先,最重要的是 not… at all 一点也不
all the time 一直 all over the world 遍及全世界 first of all 首先
【记】
【感叹句】 What (a / an) + adj. + n. + 主 + 谓!
How + adj. / adv. +主 + 谓!
lead to 导致......, 通向...... lead sb. to do sth 带领某人做某事
【解析2】 be made of 由……制成 【拓展】make →made→ made v 制作,做
(1) make v 制作,做
make a milk shake 制作一份奶昔 make kites 制作风筝 make the bed 整理床铺 make sentence 造句
make a noise 制作噪音 make a mistake 放错 make money 赚钱 make friends with 与……交朋友
(2) make 的被动语态结构:
①be made of … “ 被用……制成” (看得出原材料) The table is made up of wood.
② be made from “ 被用……制成” (看不出原材料) The bread is made from wheat.
③ be made into + 成品 “ 被制成……”
④ be made up of…= consists of “ 被……构成”
(3) make v 迫使,导致
①make sb. do sth 让某人做某事 make sb. laugh 使某人发笑
②make sb/sth + adj. 使某人、某物处于某种状态 Rainy days often make me sad
③be made to do sth 被迫做某事
【解析1】voice/noise /sound
(1)voice 多指人说话、唱歌、鸟的叫声。
(2)noise n → noisy adj. 吵闹的 指不悦耳的吵闹声 如嘈杂声、噪音等make a noise制造噪音
(3)sound ①n 泛指人听到的任何声音。② v 听起来
【短语】: send away 赶走 send for 派人去请
send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射
send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?
【解析2】time ①“是......的几倍”
②“次数” 一次 once 两次 twice 三次及三次以上 :基数词 + times three times 三次 three or four times 三到四次
【短语】many times 很多倍 last time (在)上次……时 every time 每次/每回…… each time 每当……时
the first time 第一次……时 next time (当)下次……时
【句型 】
It’s time for sth . 或 It’s time ( for sb . ) to do sth . 意为:该是……的时候了
It’s time for dinner . 该是吃晚餐的时候了。
It’s time for children to go to bed . 是小孩睡觉的时候了。
【解析】up to 高达
【解析2】1). prepare sth.表示"准备......",2). prepare to do sth.表示"准备做......"。3). prepare for sth.表示"为......做准备
【解析1】run over 撞倒 run →ran→ run→ running → runner 赛跑的人
【短语】run after 追逐,追求 run away from 从……跑掉;逃避 run out (某物)被用完 run out of 用完(某物)
run into 无意间碰到,和……相撞
【短语】 fall down 倒下 fall over 落在...之上, 脸朝下跌倒
fall off 下降, 跌落 fall over“向前摔倒、跌倒”。
die v. →(延续性动词) be dead 死,死亡 → death n. 死,死亡→dead adj. 死的 → dying adj. 将死的
【拓展】与cut有关的短语
cut something from something 切下,割下cut something away 切除,剪去 cut up 切碎 cut off切断,停止
⑴less是little(小;少)的比较级: ⑵“less+形容词或副词”构成劣等比较,作“较不…”,“更不…”解。
【解析】比较级 +and +比较级 越来越……
(二)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
形容词及副词的比较级和最高级变化形式
一、规则变化
1.一般在词尾直接加er或est, tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st, nice-nicer-nicest
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est, heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est, big-bigger-biggest
【注】: 大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.(big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat )
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级, beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
【注】:表示否定意义在其前加less /least important----less important----least important
English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English .
6.由 “形容词+ly”构成的副词,在其前加more/ most
slowly---more slowly----most slowly;但early—earlier---earliest
二、不规则变化
下列单、双音节词只能加more和most
注: 形容词,副词同形有: back , high , well ,fast, early, late ,straight
三、常见用法
形容词或副词的比较级+than。如:You are taller than Tom. 你比Tom高。
可修饰比较级的词 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even.
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
【解析】fight over 为……争吵
fight for + 抽象名词(事业、自由、权利) 等 “为......而斗争”
have a fight with 和......打了一架
【解析1】go abroad 出国 live abroad 住在国外
at home and abroad 在国内外
【解析2】return = come / go back返回= give sth back 归还
returen ... to ... 把.......归还给....... Don’t forget to return it to the library.
【解析3】on the radio 在收音机里;通过无线广播
介词on 表示 “ 以......方式”
on the Internet 通过因特网;在网上 on the telephone 通过电话 on TV 通过电视
【详解】belong v 属于 = be owned by
belong to +人名(不能用所有格)+代词宾格(不能用物主代词) 属于
【注】:belong to不能用于进行时态或被动形式,其主语常常是物。
Sth belongs to sb = sth is sb’s
【解析】be kind to 对……友好= be friendly to
kind of “有点儿,有几分”相当于a little 或a bit
a kind of “一种”
all kinds of “各种各样的”
different kinds of“不同种类的”
what kind of ….的种类(用来询问事物的类别)
【解析】hundred n 百 hundreds of 数以百的 thousand n 千 thousands of成千上万的 million n 百万 millions of成百万的
【口诀】:具体的不加s 也不加of,不具体的加s 也加of
【解析】⑴ the number of 表示“……的数目” ,后跟名词复数或代词,其后的谓语动词用单数。
⑵a number of 表示“大量的,许多” ,后跟复数名词,其后谓语动词用复数。
【解析】be from =come from 来自
【解析】 introduce v 介绍;引进
(1) introduce oneself to sb. 向某人作自我介绍 (2) introduce A to B.把A介绍给B (3) introduce into 引进。
【解析】(1) in the end =at last =finally 最后,终于
(2) at the end of 在….的结尾(反)at the beginning of 在……开始
at the end of the speech 在演讲结束时 at the end of the road 在路的尽头
(3).by the end of 在…..结束时,常与过去完成时连用(had+过去分词)
现在完成时:
1.概念:
过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:
recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once, twice etc.
3.基本结构: have/has + done
4.否定形式: have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句: 把have或has放于句首。
6.反义疑问句: 直接用has /have 进行反问
7.与时间段连用时,短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。
go out----be out finish-----be over leave ----be away from buy ----have borrow /lend -----keep
open ---be open close---be closed die---dead start/begin ----be on join—--be in /be a member of /be a soldier become –be make friend ---be friend get up ---be up fall asleep ---be asleep catch a cold – have a cold reach/get/arrive---stay/be
Unit 10 I ’ve had this bike for three years.
【解析】for +一段时间 表示动作持续一段时间,用于现在完成时
【解析1】keep (kept ; kept)保留
keep 用法归纳如下:
一、用作系动词,意为“保持(某种状态)”,其后常接形容词作表语。 Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静!
二、用作实义动词,
⑴. 保管;保存;保留 Please keep these things for me while I am away.
⑵. 赡养;饲养 I used to keep sheep in my childhood.
⑶ 坚持;继续 接V-ing 形式作宾语。
If you keep practicing your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress.
⑷ 阻止;阻碍 keep sb/sth from doing sth 其中介词 from 不能省略。
The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match.
⑸ 保持。 其后常接复合宾语,表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。
① keep + sb/sth + 介词。 If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.
② keep + sb/sth + 形容词。 These gloves will keep your hands warm.
③ keep + sb/sth + V-ing ,“让某人 / 某物一直……”,强调动作的持续性。
I'm sorry I've kept you waiting. 很抱歉,让你久等了。
【短语】
keep a record 保持记录, keep in touch (with)保持与……的联系 keep out (of) 把……关在外面,
keep up 保持;使……不能入睡 keep one's / an eye on密切注视 keep away (from) 离开
keep in mind 牢记 keep one's word 遵守诺言
【解析】 in need 需要;需求
【拓展】in danger 在危险中 in trouble在困境中
in silence 在沉默中 in good health 在好的健康状态中A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情
【解析】no more ;not … anymore/ no longer ;not... any longer不再
位置区别: 当修饰动词时,no longer通常置于be或行为动词前;no more一般置于行为动词后。
Since +从句(一般过去时),主句用现在完成时
【辨析】since 与for 在现在完成时态中的用法:
【解析】for 给;为了
介词for用法归纳
用法1:(表目的)为了。They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。
用法2:(表利益)为,为了。 What can I do for you? 你想要我什么?
【解析】check out 查看;观察
【解析】grow up 成长 (常用于指人或动物)
【解析1】decide 决定decide v 决定→-decision n 决定
(1)decide to do sth= make up one’s mind to do sth 决定做某事
(2)make a decision 做决定
【解析】own 拥有
own v 拥有→owner n 物主 of one’s own 某人自己的 the owner of … ……的所有者
【解析1】part with 与……分开;失去(尤指舍不得的东西)
【解析2】certain ⑴ 某种; 某事;某人 (在句中只能做定语,常与不定代词a连用,可修饰单、复数名词)
⑵ adj. 确实的,无疑的
be certain of 对某事有把握 be certain to do sth 肯定做某事 be certain +that确信
【解析1】as for 至于;关于 (后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语)
【解析2】 to be honest = to tell (you) the truth老实说;说实话
【拓展】honest adj. 诚实的(反)dishonest adj. 不诚实的an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩
【注】honest 以元音音素开头,所以前面的定冠词要用an.
【解析3】for a while 一会儿
【解析】do with 处理;对付(某人或某物)
deal with 处理 与how 连用