一、目标：
通过Java程序开发实训使学生掌握《面向对象程序设计(Java)》课堂讲授的内容，灵活运用到Java程序的开发与设计中。
二、要求：
按时参加Java程序开发实训训练，不得迟到和早退；独立完成程序设计；按要求撰写实践报告。
三、详细内容：
使用《面向对象程序设计(Java)》课程讲授内容，编写一个简单的计算器，要求实现如下功能：
1. 进行图形界面设计
通过图形界面设计，掌握JFrame类、JPanel类、5种布局管理器、文本框、标签及按钮的使用方法。
2. 实现计算器的基本功能
包括加减乘除四则运算、倒数、平方根及清除结果等功能。
3. 实现计算器的存储计算功能
包括存储中间结果（MS）、使用中间结果（MR）、累加中间结果（M+）及清除中间结果（MC）的功能。
4. 计算器的扩展功能
包括乘方、对数、正弦、余弦、正切、余切、反正弦、反余弦、反正切、反余切及2进制、8进制、16进制、10进制之间的相互转换等功能。
四、源代码
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
publicclass jsq implements ActionListener { //导入动作监听接口
//设计面板中的单位
JFrame frame;//窗口
JTextField textAnswer;//文本
JPanel panel, panel1, panel2, panel3;//面版
JMenuBar mainMenu;//菜单
JTextField textMemory;
JLabel labelMemSpace; //labelMemSpace单纯做摆设，控制面板的形状
JButton buttonBk, buttonCe, buttonC;
JButton button[];//按钮数组
JButton buttonMC, buttonMR, buttonMS, buttonMAdd;//清除,使用,储存,添加
JButton buttonDot, buttonAddAndSub, buttonAdd, buttonSub, buttonMul,
buttonDiv, buttonMod;
JButton buttonSqrt, buttonDao, buttonEqual;
JMenu editMenu, viewMenu, helpMenu;
JMenuItem copyItem, pasteItem, tItem, sItem, numberGroup, topHelp,
aboutCal;
DecimalFormat df; //设置数据输出精度
boolean clickable; //控制当前能否按键
double memoryd; //使用内存中存储的数字
int memoryi;
double vard, answerd; //用来保存double型数据的中间值(vard)和最后结果(answerd)
short key = -1, prekey = -1; //key用来保存当前进行何种运算,prekey用来保存前次进行何种运算
String copy; //做复制用
JTextArea help; //帮助
JScrollPane scrollHelp;
//构造函数
public jsq() {
clickable = true;
answerd = 0;
frame = new JFrame("计算器");
df = new DecimalFormat("0.##############"); //设置数据输出精度(对于double型值)
textAnswer = new JTextField(15);
textAnswer.setText("");
textAnswer.setEditable(false);
textAnswer.setBackground(new Color(255, 255, 255));
panel = new JPanel();
frame.getContentPane().add(panel);
panel1 = new JPanel();
panel2 = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
//设计整个面板
mainMenu = new JMenuBar();
editMenu =new JMenu("编辑(E)");
editMenu .setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_E);
viewMenu =new JMenu("查看(V)");
viewMenu .setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_V);
helpMenu =new JMenu("帮助(H)");
helpMenu .setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_H);
mainMenu .add(editMenu );
mainMenu .add(viewMenu );
mainMenu .add(helpMenu );
panel.add(mainMenu, BorderLayout.NORTH);
panel.add(textAnswer, BorderLayout.CENTER);
panel.add(panel1, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
panel1.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
textMemory = new JTextField(3);
textMemory.setEditable(false);
textMemory.setBackground(new Color(217, 217, 217));
labelMemSpace = new JLabel(" ");
buttonBk = new JButton("Backspace");
buttonBk.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0));
buttonCe = new JButton("CE");
buttonCe.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0));
buttonC = new JButton("C");
buttonC.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0));
buttonBk.addActionListener(this);
buttonCe.addActionListener(this);
buttonC.addActionListener(this);
panel1.add(panel2, BorderLayout.NORTH);
panel2.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
panel2.add(textMemory);
panel2.add(labelMemSpace);
panel2.add(buttonBk);
panel2.add(buttonCe);
panel2.add(buttonC);
panel3 = new JPanel();
panel1.add(panel3, BorderLayout.CENTER);
button = new JButton[10];
for (int i = 0; i < button.length; i++) {
button[i] = new JButton(Integer.toString(i));
button[i].setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 255));
}
//构造按钮
buttonMC = new JButton("MC");
buttonMC.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0));
buttonMR = new JButton("MR");
buttonMR.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0));
buttonMS = new JButton("MS");
buttonMS.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0));
buttonMAdd = new JButton("M+");
buttonMAdd.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0));
buttonDot = new JButton(".");
buttonDot.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 255));
buttonAddAndSub = new JButton("+/-");
buttonAddAndSub.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 255));
buttonAdd = new JButton("+");
buttonAdd.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0));
buttonSub = new JButton("-");
buttonSub.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0));
buttonMul = new JButton("*");
buttonMul.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0));
buttonDiv = new JButton("/");
buttonDiv.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0));
buttonMod = new JButton("%");
buttonMod.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 255));
buttonSqrt = new JButton("sqrt");
buttonSqrt.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 255));
buttonDao = new JButton("1/x");
buttonDao.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 255));
buttonEqual = new JButton("=");
buttonEqual.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0));
//将所有行为与监听绑定
panel3.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 6));
panel3.add(buttonMC);
buttonMC.addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(button[7]);
button[7].addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(button[8]);
button[8].addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(button[9]);
button[9].addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(buttonDiv);
buttonDiv.addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(buttonSqrt);
buttonSqrt.addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(buttonMR);
buttonMR.addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(button[4]);
button[4].addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(button[5]);
button[5].addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(button[6]);
button[6].addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(buttonMul);
buttonMul.addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(buttonMod);
buttonMod.addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(buttonMS);
buttonMS.addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(button[1]);
button[1].addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(button[2]);
button[2].addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(button[3]);
button[3].addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(buttonSub);
buttonSub.addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(buttonDao);
buttonDao.addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(buttonMAdd);
buttonMAdd.addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(button[0]);
button[0].addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(buttonAddAndSub);
buttonAddAndSub.addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(buttonDot);
buttonDot.addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(buttonAdd);
buttonAdd.addActionListener(this);
panel3.add(buttonEqual);
buttonEqual.addActionListener(this);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.pack();
frame.show();
}
//设置各个按钮行为
publicvoid actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
booleansign = false; //判断是否是double型数参与运算，是为true，不是为false
Object temp = event.getSource();
try {
//如果按下数据按钮，将按下的按钮代表的数据插入的当前文本框字符串之后
for (int i = 0; i <= 9; i++)
if (temp == button[i] && clickable == true)
textAnswer.setText(textAnswer.getText()
+ Integer.toString(i));
//按下"."按钮时，判断当前文本框内字符串中含不含"."，如果已含，则不允许再插入"."
if (temp == buttonDot && clickable == true) {
boolean isDot = false;
if (textAnswer.getText().length() == 0)
isDot = true;
for (int i = 0; i < textAnswer.getText().length(); i++)
if ('.' == textAnswer.getText().charAt(i)) {
isDot = true;
break;
}
if (isDot == false)
textAnswer.setText(textAnswer.getText() + ".");
}
if ((temp == buttonAdd || temp == buttonSub || temp == buttonMul || temp == buttonDiv)
&& clickable == true) {
//"+"操作
if (temp == buttonAdd) {
switch (prekey) {
case 0:
answerd += Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
case 1:
answerd -= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
case 2:
answerd *= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
case 3:
if (Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()) == 0) {
//textAnswer="aa";
textAnswer.setText("除数不能为零");
clickable = false;
} else
answerd /= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
default:
answerd = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
}
textAnswer.setText("");
prekey = key = 0;
}
//"-"操作
if (temp == buttonSub) {
switch (prekey) {
case 0:
answerd += Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
case 1:
answerd -= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
case 2:
answerd *= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
case 3:
if (Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()) == 0) {
textAnswer.setText("除数不能为零");
clickable = false;
} else
answerd /= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
default:
answerd = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
}
textAnswer.setText("");
prekey = key = 1;
}
//"*"操作
if (temp == buttonMul) {
switch (prekey) {
case 0:
answerd += Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
case 1:
answerd -= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
case 2:
answerd *= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
case 3:
if (Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()) == 0) {
textAnswer.setText("除数不能为零");
clickable = false;
} else
answerd /= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
default:
answerd = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
}
//textAnser = "";
textAnswer.setText("");
prekey = key = 2;
}
//"/"操作
if (temp == buttonDiv) {
switch (prekey) {
case 0:
answerd += Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
case 1:
answerd -= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
case 2:
answerd *= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
case 3:
if (Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()) == 0) {
textAnswer.setText("除数不能为零");
clickable = false;
} else
answerd /= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
break;
default:
answerd = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
}
textAnswer.setText("");
prekey = key = 3;
}
}
//"="操作
if (temp == buttonEqual && clickable == true) {
//如果连续按"=",则进行连续运算
if (prekey == 5) {
if (key == 0) {
answerd += vard;
textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd));
}
if (key == 1) {
answerd -= vard;
textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd));
}
if (key == 2) {
answerd *= vard;
textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd));
}
if (key == 3) {
if (Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()) == 0) {
textAnswer.setText("除数不能为零");
clickable = false;
} else {
answerd /= vard;
textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd));
}
}
} else {
vard = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
if (key == 0) {
prekey = -1;
answerd += Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd));
}
if (key == 1) {
prekey = -1;
answerd -= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd));
}
if (key == 2) {
prekey = -1;
answerd *= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd));
}
if (key == 3) {
prekey = -1;
if (Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()) == 0) {
textAnswer.setText("除数不能为零");
clickable = false;
} else {
answerd /= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd));
}
}
}
prekey = 5;
}
//"%"操作，对第二个操作数除以100
if (temp == buttonMod && clickable == true) {
if (answerd == 0) {
String s = textAnswer.getText();
textAnswer.setText(s);
} else {
boolean isDot = false;
for (int i = 0; i < textAnswer.getText().length(); i++)
if ('.' == textAnswer.getText().charAt(i)) {
isDot = true;
break;
}
//如果是double数，除100
if (isDot == true) {
double dtemp = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
dtemp = dtemp / 100.0;
textAnswer.setText(Double.toString(dtemp));
} else {
//如果是int数但能被100整除，则去掉末尾两个零
if (Integer.parseInt(textAnswer.getText()) % 100 == 0) {
int itemp = Integer.parseInt(textAnswer.getText());
itemp /= 100;
textAnswer.setText(Integer.toString(itemp));
}
//如果是int数，但不能被100整除，则按double数处理
else {
double dtemp = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer
.getText());
dtemp = dtemp / 100.0;
textAnswer.setText(Double.toString(dtemp));
}
}
}
}
//开根号运算
if (temp == buttonSqrt && clickable == true) {
String s = textAnswer.getText();
if (s.charAt(0) == '-') {
textAnswer.setText("负数不能开根号");
clickable = false;
} else
textAnswer.setText(Double.toString(java.lang.Math
.sqrt(Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()))));
}
//倒数运算
if (temp == buttonDao && clickable == true) {
if (textAnswer.getText().charAt(0) == '0'
&& textAnswer.getText().length() == 1) {
textAnswer.setText("零不能求倒数");
clickable = false;
} else {
boolean isDec = true;
int i, j, k;
String s = Double.toString(1 / Double
.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()));
for (i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
if (s.charAt(i) == '.')
break;
for (j = i + 1; j < s.length(); j++)
if (s.charAt(j) != '0') {
isDec = false;
break;
}
if (isDec == true) {
String stemp = "";
for (k = 0; k < i; k++)
stemp += s.charAt(k);
textAnswer.setText(stemp);
} else
textAnswer.setText(s);
}
}
//按下"+/-"按钮时处理
if (temp == buttonAddAndSub && clickable == true) {
boolean isNumber = true;
String s = textAnswer.getText();
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
if (!(s.charAt(i) >= '0' && s.charAt(i) <= '9'
|| s.charAt(i) == '.' || s.charAt(i) == '-')) {
isNumber = false;
break;
}
if (isNumber == true) {
//如果当前字符串首字母有'-'号,代表现在是个负数,再按下时,则将首符号去掉
if (s.charAt(0) == '-') {
textAnswer.setText("");
for (int i = 1; i < s.length(); i++) {
char a = s.charAt(i);
textAnswer.setText(textAnswer.getText() + a);
}
}
//如果当前字符串第一个字符不是符号，则添加一个符号在首字母处
else
textAnswer.setText('-' + s);
}
}
//计算器有关内存操作
//'MC'的操作，将内存清0
if (temp == buttonMC && clickable == true) {
memoryd = memoryi = 0;
textMemory.setText("");
}
//'MS'的操作，将当前文本框内容保存入内存，显示'M'
if (temp == buttonMS && clickable == true) {
boolean isDot = false;
textMemory.setText(" M");
for (int i = 0; i < textAnswer.getText().length(); i++)
if ('.' == textAnswer.getText().charAt(i)) {
isDot = true;
break;
}
//如果是double,则存入memoryd(double存储器)
if (isDot == true) {
memoryd = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
memoryi = 0; //保证存储器中存放最新的值
}
//如果是int,则存入memoryi(int存储器)
else {
memoryi = Integer.parseInt(textAnswer.getText());
memoryd = 0; //保证存储器中存放最新的值
}
}
//'MR'的操作，将存储器中的信息输出
if (temp == buttonMR && clickable == true) {
if (memoryd != 0)
textAnswer.setText(Double.toString(memoryd));
if (memoryi != 0)
textAnswer.setText(Integer.toString(memoryi));
}
//'M+'的功能，将当前文本框里的数据和存储器中数据相加后，再存入存储器
if (temp == buttonMAdd && clickable == true) {
boolean isDot = false;
for (int i = 0; i < textAnswer.getText().length(); i++)
if ('.' == textAnswer.getText().charAt(i)) {
isDot = true;
break;
}
if (memoryi != 0) { //存储中是一个int型数
if (isDot == false) //被加数是一个int型数
memoryi += Integer.parseInt(textAnswer.getText());
else { //被加数是一个double型数，则将int存储器中数传入double存储器与当前数相加，int存储器清零
memoryd = memoryi
+ Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
memoryi = 0;
}
} else
memoryd += Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText());
}
//按下'Backspace'键，利用循环将当前字符串中的最后一个字母删除
if (temp == buttonBk && clickable == true) {
String s = textAnswer.getText();
textAnswer.setText("");
for (int i = 0; i < s.length() - 1; i++) {
char a = s.charAt(i);
textAnswer.setText(textAnswer.getText() + a);
}
}
//按下'CE'按钮，将当前文本框内数据清除
if (temp == buttonCe) {
textAnswer.setText("");
clickable = true;
}
//按下'C'按钮，文本框内数据清除，同时var,answer清0
if (temp == buttonC) {
vard = answerd = 0;
textAnswer.setText("");
clickable = true;
}
}
//输入中如果有操作非法，比如按下两次'+'，捕获异常
catch (Exception e) {
textAnswer.setText("操作非法");
clickable = false;
}
}
//主函数
publicstaticvoid main(String args[]) {
new jsq();
}
}
五、程序运行结果演示
计算器界面
7+8
清除
9-4
7*8
8/4
储存
使用储存值
清除储存值
2的倒数
5的百分
9的开方
六、总结
通过本次实验让我对JFrame类、JPanel类、5种布局管理器、文本框、标签及按钮的使用方法，有了进一步的了解。同时在实验过程中也发现了自己的许多不足，但通过查询对其有有了更深刻大大大的了解.