十大小说写作技巧
核心提示：一）“横切悬念，倒叙事件”法 这是指作者为避免平铺直叙，在小说首段就设置提挈全篇、笼罩全文的悬念，故意给读者造 成疑团，以激起读者产生兴趣读下去。如19xx年7月5日《湖北日报》发表的一篇《一双明亮 的眼睛》，就采取这一手法。此文一...
一）“横切悬念，倒叙事件”法
这是指作者为避免平铺直叙，在小说首段就设置提挈全篇、笼罩全文的悬念，故意给读者造 成疑团，以激起读者产生兴趣读下去。如19xx年7月5日《湖北日报》发表的一篇《一双明亮 的眼睛》，就采取这一手法。此文一开头是：夜，墨黑，伸手不见五指。我（即文中主角）到 一个生产大队去。由于第一次去，路生，加上碰到天阴，没月亮，没星星，自己又没带手电 ，真是把人急坏了。就在这时，我碰到一个社员，恰恰住在我要去的大队，就把我引去了。 沿途，他一会说：“同志，注意，前头有条沟！”一会，又指点我：“同志，注意左边是口 塘！”最后，进了村，又指着一条巷子说：“里面住着咱们队长，他会招呼你的。”可第二 天清早，我从队长屋里出来，看到一个强壮的中年人，挑着桶，哼着轻快的曲子，向稻场旁 边的堰塘走来。待他走近，我一瞄，哎，多好的一条汉子，眼怎么瞎了？ 正想着，只见他蛮不在乎地下塘挑水。我大吃一惊，喊：“…… 是塘，你不要掉到水里了。”他回过头，眨眨眼，好像看到了我：“你不就是我昨夜给你引 路的同志吗？”……看到这儿，读者一定禁不住问自己：他是个瞎子吗？为什么能那么利索地 引 人走夜晚呢？为什么他比有眼睛的人的“眼睛”还明亮呢？这就叫作“切入悬念”，下面就等 着作者“倒叙事件”——读者也就非读下去不可了。
（二）“意料之外，情理之中”法
世界艺术大师卓别林有一句名言：“我总是力图以新的方法来创造意想不到的东西。假如我 相信观众预料我会在街上走，那我便跳上一辆马车去。”（引自《卓别林——伟大的流浪汉 》一书），这就告诉我们，创作结构要巧，首先要“出其不意”，这是第一步。但更重要的 ，是所叙述的情节，必须在情理之中。所谓情理之中，是指这种“出其不意”，与小说中人 物性格的发展合拍，合乎客观规律，合乎生活逻辑。它不是荒诞的，不是臆造的。既曲折离 奇，又理所当然。如美国作家欧·亨利的《麦琪的礼物》，就非常巧妙地作到了这一点。小 说是叙述美国圣诞节这一天，一对恩爱夫妇准备互赠礼物，并都想买件使对方意想不到的东 西。妻子看到丈夫有个祖传的金表，但没有表链，就剪掉自己最珍爱的金色长女，拿去卖了 ，并用卖金发的钱去买表链。丈夫呢？看到妻子有一头美丽的金发，但缺少一套适用的名贵 梳子，就卖掉自己祖传的、一直伴随在身边的、也是自己格外珍爱的表，用卖表的钱买了一 套美丽华贵的梳子。结果两人一碰面，丈夫拿着妻子送的新表链，表没有了；妻子拿着丈夫 送的一套新梳子，长长的金发没有了！夫妻俩只好凄然相对而笑。在这里，尽管有对故事主 人公与读者的“出其不意”，但统统在情理之中。因为他们夫妻恩爱，超过了对“金发”、 “表链”的感情。而“金钱第一”的资本主义世界，对下层的小人物来说，也只能是这样辛 辣的结局
（三）“淡化情节，形散神聚”法
这种创作法，从表面看，没有出其不意的情节，没有激烈的矛盾冲突，而且平铺直叙，一直 是淡淡的气氛。但是，在这平铺直叙中，带有涌袭心灵的感情；在这淡淡的凄凉中，带有一 种说不出的人生韵味，常常是“无情”更有情，无声胜有声。如张洁写的《拾麦穗》，是讲 农村的一个小姑娘，家里很穷，每年夏天割麦时，她总是挽个篮子，到打过麦的麦地里拾麦 穗 。这个时候，一个卖麦芽糖的老汉来了。别的孩子用拾的麦穗与老汉换糖吃，而这个小女孩 舍不得。老汉便常常免费敲糖给她吃。别人就笑她，说她嫁给这个老汉算了。她对此并不怎 么懂，老汉也觉得没什么，大家也只是开开玩笑，以后也再没提起此事。可她——这个小小 的姑娘，当老汉没再来卖糖时，却在村头等着，等着……她在等什么呢？仅仅是为了吃老汉 的糖吗？不，这里面有说不清的味，有一种淡淡哀恋，一种人与人之间能相互沟通的情绪… 这就叫“形散神 聚”，是“无结构”的结构，是用一种内在精神编织的“情结”文体
（四）“一箭双雕，一点两面”法
作者在写小说中，似导戏的导演，常常让舞台上的角色拿这样或那样的道具。好导演会利用 这个“道具”，不只让一个角色，而使许多角色与这个“道具”有关系；不只让一方，而是 让矛盾的双方都与这个“道具”打交道。这样，就可以从这个“道具”身上挖掘人物心灵世 界，揭露生活本质，完成作者在这发现上的美学思想。当代英国作家斯丹·巴斯托的短篇《 二十先令的银币》就是如此。我们看到，“20先令的银币”本身就是作者的一个道具。作者 就利用这个道具，首先让文中的、有钱的马斯顿太太故意把它放进一套衣服里，然后让她的 仆 人弗斯戴克太太送这套衣服到洗衣店去洗，但交代了一句，送洗之前，得把衣服口袋掏一掏 。弗斯戴克是个穷人，丈夫又瘫痪，急需钱用。这银币该给她带来多少欢乐呵：可以给可 怜的丈夫买水果，买烟，加上一瓶酒；还可以去买几件必须添置的衣服……
而马斯顿太太， 就希望弗斯戴克 悄悄地瞒下这枚银币，并把这二十先令花掉，然后她 再叫弗斯戴克交上这笔钱。弗斯戴克若交不出，她的目的就达到了，证明穷人穷得卑劣、下 ＊ ，而她自己才是高尚的。你看，作者利用这个道具，自然而然地“一箭双雕”了。既展现了 世界穷人物质的贫穷，还暴露了富人精神上的无耻，并深刻地揭示了这个世界人与 人之间的关系是多么残酷！这篇小说的结尾是：弗斯戴克太太经过一番艰苦的思想斗争后， 总算没用这个“设下圈套”的钱。当马斯顿太太一过问，她就颤悠悠地交还了……可这“二 十先令的银币”却深深地在读者脑海里打下了烙印
（五）“偶然中必然，必然中偶然”法
小说作者要学会在生活中发现偶然中隐 藏着的必然性，学会在写小说时运用这种偶然中的 必 然性。它能引发读者寻根盘底地、津津有味地追读下去，而且能揭示生活中不易发现的本质 意义。如法国小说《项链》的作者莫泊桑，对此技巧就运用得非常漂亮。故事是这样的：小 职员的妻子路瓦裁夫人为了得人欢心，被人艳羡，在准备参加一个上流社会的晚会时，向她 的女友借了串项链配戴。当晚，这项链加上她的美貌，确实让她出了风头。不料，乐极生悲 ，在归途上她竟丢失了项链。为了赔偿这项链，她不得不承受经济上的压力。经过十年艰苦 努力，她和丈夫还清了因买项链所欠的债。谁知待她刚还完债，便发现她原来借的项链是假 的。真是一夜风头得到的是十年辛酸，片刻虚荣换来的是半生痛苦。这“借项链”——“失 项 链”——“赔项链”——“还项链债务”——“发现项链是假玩意”的一系列情节，节节都 隐 蔽着“偶然中的必然，必然中的偶然”，读来引人入胜，又发人深省
（六）“银丝串珠，数点一线”法
当今现代派小说家面对某些人的精神危机，产生了恐惧感。于是他们常常用荒诞的、超现 实的、生活中还没出现的、纯粹主观想象的“抽象”物于以编织描绘——以反映他们的世界 观 。而且在写法上，从表面看，往往是分离的、意识流的、不易理解的。但是，仔细读，会发 现 ，这些小说内部是互为联系，相辅相成，彼此烘托，合成一体的。可称之为“银丝串珠，数 点一线”吧。如美国作家亨利·斯莱萨写的短篇小说《……以后》。它是反映核战争恐怖， 谈世界进行核大战以后的情况。核大战如今没有发生，如何描绘？现代派的作家就用他们打 碎当代世界的“碎片”，主观荒诞地串起来叙述。《……以后》共分四段：“博士”、“律 师”、“商人”、“酋长”。这博士、律师、商人、酋长之间毫无联系，似乎风马牛不相 及。但“博士”段讲的是——他原来教《记忆学》，训练学生养成完美的记忆，已出版了六 本 这方面的专著。可核战争后，他失业了，人们再不要记忆了，核战惨状令人不敢回忆！所以 ，他只好改教“速成课程”——“如何忘记”。“律师”段讲的是：过去的杀人犯是要判极 刑 的，但核战后，人口减少了百分之九十，女人与男人的比例是800∶1。因此，这位男性杀人 犯现在的极刑是：与18个女人结婚，使他妻子的总数达到31个。“商人”段讲的是：原来他 以为核战后，人死的多，服饰用品销售量会直线下降，但一个优生学教授对他说，由于原子 辐射，变种生育—一个孩子有两个头，已经接近生育总数的65％，所以，包括帽子的服饰用 品会逐渐畅销，供不应求。商人也就放心了。“酋长”段讲的是：几个文明的白种人跑到一 个很远的孤零小岛上去躲避原子辐射毒。他们随身带了个仪器—一个开着小口的金属物。凡 是有原子幅射毒的人，只要一瞄它，它会发出声响。这些白人与岛上的土著酋长见面后，就 用这仪器试验：当时，岛上的土人瞄仪器，仪器不声不响；而白人看仪器，仪器狂呼乱叫 。白人大喜，请求留下。可白人进村后，酋长下令把他们杀掉，并与部下吃了他们的肉，结 果 染上了原子辐射毒，再瞄仪器，仪器便响起来。从此原子辐射毒在哪儿也不能幸免了。这四 段无连贯的情节，堪称“笔断意不断”，藕断丝连，以四个不同的荒诞侧面，反映了世 界一些阶层在核战争后的心态。现代派作家就是这样把当代与未来采用他们的人生观穿起 来了
（七）“明线暗线——双环连套”法
这种小说技巧是运用文中两个一明一暗的线索，平行交＊，双环连套，从一个人物引出一 个人物，从一个故事引出一个故事，不仅使两个人物、两个故事发生密切的关系，而且不断 丰富人物性格，推动主题思想深化，如鲁迅写的小说《药》就是如此。故事的明线是：清末 年间，华老栓的儿子小栓得了痨病，人们说此病吃了血馒头就好了，所以老栓等到一天清早 衙门杀人，就拿着洋钱去买用囚犯血染的馒头，并匆匆拿回家给小栓吃。此文暗线是：老栓 去取血馒头那天清早，被杀的囚犯是革命者夏瑜，小栓就是吃的他的血馒头，但这剂“药” 并没把小栓的病治好。小栓最终还是被痨病夺去了生命。作者就将这明暗两线交＊，结成双 环连套——在本文结局的坟场上，让小栓的墓和夏瑜的墓错落地挨在一起，小栓的母亲、 夏 瑜的母亲又都在给儿子上坟、烧纸……《药》的主题：“愚昧的群众享用革命者的鲜血， 不 是医治病苦的良药；资产阶级脱离群众的革命，不是疗救中国社会的良药。”就自然而然地 从坟地里奔出来了
（八）“欲扬先抑”和“欲抑先扬”法
这种创作技巧是，作者把自己准备着力表现的人物，不妨先压一压，就如伸出去打人的拳头 ，先缩一缩。这样，击出去，更有力；
而准备贬低的人物，则不妨先让他“威风威风”，然 后，让他从“威风岭”上掉下来，便“摔”得更惨。这里，先看看“欲扬先抑”的典型 例子，它就是马烽写的《我的第一个上级》。小说中的主要人物是县农建局的田副局长。从 表 面看，这个老田衣冠不整，披个烂棉袄，无精打采，疲疲塌塌，慢慢吞吞，简直不象个领导 样子。可随着作品的逐步深入，突然异峰崛起：他在海门决堤抢险过程中，熟谙全局，胸有 成竹，果敢勇猛，不顾19xx年防汛中患上的、一直没有好的、十分严重的关节炎，身先士卒 地带头在大风大浪中搏斗，一直到战胜险情才收兵！作品正是运用“先抑后扬”的手法，塑 造了一个活生生的社会主义英雄人物。而“欲抑先扬”的例子，各类小说中都有，象《水浒 》中的 “武松醉打蒋门神”，作者先把蒋门神描绘得如何厉害，如何了不得，很多武艺高强的人 都不是他的对手，这是”先扬“，可武松一出场，几个回合，蒋门神就趴下了：一方面衬托 了武松威武，一方面也把蒋门神欺软怕硬的虚弱本质揭露无遗。这两种写法常常是交＊使 用，互辅互补。
（九）“盆中藏月，以小见大”法
用这个技法的小说，一般题材单纯，场景单一，人物较少，情节相对来讲也比较平淡。但如 何从单纯的题材和不长的篇幅里塑造丰满的形象和挖掘出较深的主题，就得“盆中藏月，以 小见 大”了。下面是作家叶文玲用此法结构的《藤椅》简介：一个中学教师杨健，领回了学校发 给他的一把新藤椅，全家都感到高兴。可高兴之后，大家想，新藤椅往哪儿放呢？这个三代 同堂、老幼六口住的15平方米的房间里，现在是连一把椅子也挤不进去了。于是，老杨只好 婉惜地将藤椅退给学校。看，这个作品，一无传奇色彩，二无复杂的情节，就这么平凡人小 事，就这么平铺直叙，就这么淡淡然，凄凄然……但它确实震撼了读者的心！解放三十年了 ，一直勤勤恳恳干教育事业的杨老师一家，为什么还窝在蜗牛似的小房里？！诚然，是“四人 帮”十年的“愚民”政策，是“白卷大王”散发的精神污染……除此之外，我们是不是应该 清醒清醒，尽快地、实实在在地清除这些“愚民”的余毒和“白卷”的偏见！让藤椅、还有 比藤椅更重要的东西能来到杨老师的家呢？！大海能容下皎明的月亮，小小的一盆水也能容下 皎明的月亮，如何以小见大，一叶报春，就看作者运用此法的功力了。
（十）“余音绕梁，三日不绝”法
这是讲小说收尾的技巧。故事的开头好，发展好，但最后一个音符，最后一抹油彩，最后一个标点处理若不当，也会虎头蛇尾，归之失败。因为这不仅是作品的落脚处，还需把作品最精粹的地方展现出来。
第二篇：小说写作技巧1
How to Write a Novel: The Snowflake Method Writing a novel is easy. Writing a good novel is hard. That's just life. If it were easy, we'd all be writing best-selling, prize-winning fiction.
Frankly, there are a thousand different people out there who can tell you how to write a novel. There are a thousand different methods. The best one for you is the one that works for you.
In this article, I'd like to share with you what works for me. I've published six novels and won about a dozen awards for my writing. I teach the craft of writing fiction at writing conferences all the time. One of my most popular lectures is this one: How to write a novel using what I call the "Snowflake Method." This page is the most popular one on my web site, and gets over a thousand page views
per day, so you can guess that a lot of people find it useful. But you may not, and that's fine by me. Look it over, decide what might work for you, and ignore the rest! If it makes you puke, I won't be insulted. Different writers are different. If my methods get you rolling, I'll be happy. I'll make the best case I can for my way of organizing things, but you are the final judge of what works best for you. Have fun and . . . write your novel!
The Importance of Design
Good fiction doesn't just happen, it is designed. You can do the design work before or after you write your novel. I've done it both ways and I strongly believe that doing it first is quicker and leads to a better result. Design is hard work, so it's important to find a guiding principle early on. This article will give you a powerful metaphor to guide your design. Our fundamental question is this: How do you design a novel?
For a number of years, I was a software architect designing large software projects. I write novels the same way I write software, using the "snowflake metaphor". OK, what's the snowflake metaphor? Before you go further, take a look at .
At the top of the page, you'll see a cute pattern known as a snowflake fractal. Don't tell anyone, but this is an important mathematical object that's been widely studied. For our purposes, it's just a cool sketch of a snowflake. If you scroll down that same web page a
little,
you'll see a box with a large triangle in it and arrows underneath. If you press the
right-arrow button repeatedly, you'll see the steps used to create the snowflake. It doesn't
look much like a snowflake at first, but after a few steps, it starts looking more and more like one, until it's done.
The first few steps look like this:
I claim that that's how you design a novel -- you start small, then build stuff up until it looks like a story. Part of this is creative work, and I can't teach you how to do that. Not here, anyway. But part of the work is just managing your creativity -- getting it organized into a well-structured novel. That's what I'd like to teach you here.
If you're like most people, you spend a long time thinking about your novel before you ever start writing. You may do some research. You daydream about how the story's going to work. You brainstorm. You start hearing the voices of different characters. You think about what the book's about -- the Deep Theme. This is an essential part of every book which I call "composting". It's an informal process and every writer does it differently. I'm going to assume that you know how to compost your story ideas and that you have already got a novel well-composted in your mind and that you're ready to sit down and start writing that novel.
The Ten Steps of Design But before you start writing, you need to get organized. You need to put all those wonderful ideas down on paper in a form you can use. Why? Because your memory is fallible, and your creativity has probably left a lot of holes in your story -- holes you need to fill in before you start writing your novel. You need a design document. And you need to produce it using a process that doesn't kill your desire to actually write the story. Here is my ten-step process for writing a design document. I use this process for writing my novels, and I hope it will help you.
Step 1) Take an hour and write a one-sentence summary of your novel. Something like this: "A rogue physicist travels back in time to kill the apostle Paul." (This is the summary for my first novel, Transgression.) The sentence will serve you forever as a ten-second selling tool. This is the big picture, the analog of that big starting triangle in the snowflake picture.
When you later write your book proposal, this sentence should appear very early in the proposal. It's the hook that will sell your book to your editor, to your committee, to the sales force, to bookstore owners, and ultimately to readers. So make the best one you can! Some hints on what makes a good sentence:
? Shorter is better. Try for fewer than 15 words.
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? No character names, please! Better to say "a handicapped trapeze artist" than "Jane Doe". Tie together the big picture and the personal picture. Which character has the most to lose in this story? Now tell me what he or she wants to win. Read the one-line blurbs on the New York Times Bestseller list to learn how to do
this. Writing a one-sentence description is an art form.
Step 2) Take another hour and expand that sentence to a full paragraph describing the story setup, major disasters, and ending of the novel. This is the analog of the second stage of the snowflake. I like to structure a story as "three disasters plus an ending". Each of the disasters takes a quarter of the book to develop and the ending takes the final quarter. I don't know if this is the ideal structure, it's just my personal taste.
If you believe in the Three-Act structure, then the first disaster corresponds to the end of Act 1. The second disaster is the mid-point of Act 2. The third disaster is the end of Act 2, and forces Act 3 which wraps things up. It is OK to have the first disaster be caused by external circumstances, but I think that the second and third disasters should be caused by the protagonist's attempts to "fix things". Things just get worse and worse.
You can also use this paragraph in your proposal. Ideally, your paragraph will have about five sentences. One sentence to give me the backdrop and story setup. Then one sentence each for your three disasters. Then one more sentence to tell the ending. If this sounds suspiciously like back-cover copy, it's because . . . that's what it is and that's where it's going to appear someday.
Step 3) The above gives you a high-level view of your novel. Now you need something similar for the storylines of each of your characters. Characters are the most important part of any novel, and the time you invest in designing them up front will pay off ten-fold when you start writing. For each of your major characters, take an hour and write a one-page summary sheet that tells:
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? The character's name A one-sentence summary of the character's storyline The character's motivation (what does he/she want abstractly?) The character's goal (what does he/she want concretely?) The character's conflict (what prevents him/her from reaching this goal?) The character's epiphany (what will he/she learn, how will he/she change? A one-paragraph summary of the character's storyline
An important point: You may find that you need to go back and revise your one-sentence summary and/or your one-paragraph summary. Go ahead! This is good--it means your characters are teaching you things about your story. It's always okay at any stage of the design process to go back and revise earlier stages. In fact, it's not just okay--it's inevitable. And it's good. Any revisions you make now are revisions you won't need to make later on to a clunky 400 page manuscript.
Another important point: It doesn't have to be perfect. The purpose of each step in the design process is to advance you to the next step. Keep your forward momentum! You can
always come back later and fix it when you understand the story better. You will do this too, unless you're a lot smarter than I am.
Step 4) By this stage, you should have a good idea of the large-scale structure of your novel, and you have only spent a day or two. Well, truthfully, you may have spent as much as a week, but it doesn't matter. If the story is broken, you know it now, rather than after investing 500 hours in a rambling first draft. So now just keep growing the story. Take several hours and expand each sentence of your summary paragraph into a full paragraph. All but the last paragraph should end in a disaster. The final paragraph should tell how the book ends.
This is a lot of fun, and at the end of the exercise, you have a pretty decent one-page skeleton of your novel. It's okay if you can't get it all onto one single-spaced page. What matters is that you are growing the ideas that will go into your story. You are expanding the conflict. You should now have a synopsis suitable for a proposal, although there is a better alternative for proposals . . .
Step 5) Take a day or two and write up a one-page description of each major character and a half-page description of the other important characters. These "character synopses" should tell the story from the point of view of each character. As always, feel free to cycle back to the earlier steps and make revisions as you learn cool stuff about your characters. I usually enjoy this step the most and lately, I have been putting the resulting "character synopses" into my proposals instead of a plot-based synopsis. Editors love character synopses, because editors love character-based fiction.
Step 6) By now, you have a solid story and several story-threads, one for each character. Now take a week and expand the one-page plot synopsis of the novel to a four-page synopsis. Basically, you will again be expanding each paragraph from step (4) into a full page. This is a lot of fun, because you are figuring out the high-level logic of the story and making strategic decisions. Here, you will definitely want to cycle back and fix things in the earlier steps as you gain insight into the story and new ideas whack you in the face.
Step 7) Take another week and expand your character descriptions into full-fledged character charts detailing everything there is to know about each character. The standard stuff such as birthdate, description, history, motivation, goal, etc. Most importantly, how will this character change by the end of the novel? This is an expansion of your work in step (3), and it will teach you a lot about your characters. You will probably go back and revise steps (1-6) as your characters become "real" to you and begin making petulant demands on the story. This is good -- great fiction is character-driven. Take as much time as you need to do this, because you're just saving time downstream. When you have finished this process, (and it may take a full month of solid effort to get here), you have most of what you need to write a proposal. If you are a published novelist, then you can write a proposal now and sell your novel before you write it. If you're not yet published, then you'll need to write your entire novel first before you can sell it. No, that's not fair, but life isn't fair and the world of fiction writing is especially unfair.
Step 8) You may or may not take a hiatus here, waiting for the book to sell. At some point, you've got to actually write the novel. Before you do that, there are a couple of things you
can do to make that traumatic first draft easier. The first thing to do is to take that four-page synopsis and make a list of all the scenes that you'll need to turn the story into a novel. And the easiest way to make that list is . . . with a spreadsheet.
For some reason, this is scary to a lot of writers. Oh the horror. Deal with it. You learned to use a word-processor. Spreadsheets are easier. You need to make a list of scenes, and spreadsheets were invented for making lists. If you need some tutoring, buy a book. There are a thousand out there, and one of them will work for you. It should take you less than a day to learn the itty bit you need. It'll be the most valuable day you ever spent. Do it.
Make a spreadsheet detailing the scenes that emerge from your four-page plot outline. Make just one line for each scene. In one column, list the POV character. In another (wide) column, tell what happens. If you want to get fancy, add more columns that tell you how many pages you expect to write for the scene. A spreadsheet is ideal, because you can see the whole storyline at a glance, and it's easy to move scenes around to reorder things. My spreadsheets usually wind up being over 100 lines long, one line for each scene of the novel. As I develop the story, I make new versions of my story spreadsheet. This is incredibly valuable for analyzing a story. It can take a week to make a good spreadsheet. When you are done, you can add a new column for chapter numbers and assign a chapter to each scene.
Step 9) (Optional. I don't do this step anymore.) Switch back to your word processor and begin writing a narrative description of the story. Take each line of the spreadsheet and expand it to a multi-paragraph description of the scene. Put in any cool lines of dialogue you think of, and sketch out the essential conflict of that scene. If there's no conflict, you'll know it here and you should either add conflict or scrub the scene.
I used to write either one or two pages per chapter, and I started each chapter on a new page. Then I just printed it all out and put it in a loose-leaf notebook, so I could easily swap chapters around later or revise chapters without messing up the others. This process usually took me a week and the end result was a massive 50-page printed document that I would revise in red ink as I wrote the first draft. All my good ideas when I woke up in the morning got hand-written in the margins of this document. This, by the way, is a rather painless way of writing that dreaded detailed synopsis that all writers seem to hate. But it's actually fun to develop, if you have done steps (1) through (8) first. When I did this step, I never showed this synopsis to anyone, least of all to an editor -- it was for me alone. I liked to think of it as the prototype first draft. Imagine writing a first draft in a week! Yes, you can do it and it's well worth the time. But I'll be honest, I don't feel like I need this step anymore, so I don't do it now.
Step 10) At this point, just sit down and start pounding out the real first draft of the novel. You will be astounded at how fast the story flies out of your fingers at this stage. I have seen writers triple their fiction writing speed overnight, while producing better quality first drafts than they usually produce on a third draft.
You might think that all the creativity is chewed out of the story by this time. Well, no, not unless you overdid your analysis when you wrote your Snowflake. This is supposed to be the fun part, because there are many small-scale logic problems to work out here. How
does Hero get out of that tree surrounded by alligators and rescue Heroine who's in the burning rowboat? This is the time to figure it out! But it's fun because you already know that the large-scale structure of the novel works. So you only have to solve a limited set of problems, and so you can write relatively fast.
This stage is incredibly fun and exciting. I have heard many fiction writers complain about how hard the first draft is. Invariably, that's because they have no clue what's coming next. Good grief! Life is too short to write like that! There is no reason to spend 500 hours writing a wandering first draft of your novel when you can write a solid one in 150. Counting the 100 hours it takes to do the design documents, you come out way ahead in time.
About midway through a first draft, I usually take a breather and fix all the broken parts of my design documents. Yes, the design documents are not perfect. That's okay. The design documents are not fixed in concrete, they are a living set of documents that grows as you develop your novel. If you are doing your job right, at the end of the first draft you will laugh at what an amateurish piece of junk your original design documents were. And you'll be thrilled at how deep your story has become.