4）请保持教室干净 _____________________________________
5）我常常让他帮助我学习英语 ________________________________________________________.
注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：
5）他让他的员工整天工作________________________________________________________.
6）不要让水一直流 _____________________________________
第三讲 文章的结构：开头、主体和结尾 （一）掌握技巧：
（1）注意篇章结构，合理布局
开始部分（opening paragraph）——说出文中的要点、核心问题。
正文部分（Body paragraphs）——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。
结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）——对全文的总结和概括。
要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容.
（2）确定主题句
主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。
写主题句应注意以下几点：
①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点
②提炼出一句具有概括性的话
③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。
(3) 高考英语写作常用开头和结尾
一开头万能公式：
1．开头万能公式一：名人名言有人问了，―我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？‖，很好办：编！
原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？
经典句型：
A proverb says,―You are only young once.‖（适用于已记住的名言）
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）
更多经典句型：
As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
2。开头万能公式二：数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。
原则上在议论文当中不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： Honesty根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
Youth
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型：
A recent statistics shows that…
二结尾万能公式：
1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个―总而言之‖之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：
Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果读者很难―显而见之‖，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！
更多过渡短语：
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
更多句型：
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…
2．结尾万能公式二：如此建议如果说―如此结论‖是结尾最没用的废话，那么―如此建议‖应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！ Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？
更多句型：
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
wanted to buy frogs from other places.
This seemed like money for nothing . There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them . Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time ,the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didn‘t last long. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From Paragragh 1 we learn that the villagers .
A.worked very hard for centuries B.dreamed of having a better life
somewhat content D.lived a different life from their forefathers
【2012全国新课标D篇】
have never practiced still swim as well as ever since. A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years
can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star"。remember the
story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
67. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?
B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D. Stories for children are easy to remember.
【2012重庆卷
E篇】
In his 1930 essay ―Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren ―, John Keynes, economist, rewrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs ,which are indeed what other have , and relative needs ,which make us feel superior to our fellows. Herelative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) this is
not true of absolute.
Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending id decided by the super- iority He was greatly mistaken
Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the den almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an dinner, for example, the thought of
1、Mary married with John.
2、I returned back the book to you at 6 a.m??
3、My most favorite song is “Hand in hand”。
4、The train is entering into the tunnel.
5. Her eyes are blind.
6. We’ll gather together at the school gate.
五、选词或搭配不当
（误）Tom was in such a hurry that he forgot his schoolbag on the bus.
（正）Tom was in such a hurry that he left his schoolbag on the bus.
巩固练习：找出并改正下列各词句中的错误
1、Peter is a warm—hearted person， so everybody likes to have friends with him.
2、Mr. Smith said an interesting story at the beginning of the meeting.
3、It‘s cold outside， please dress your overcoat.
六、无关联词
（误）I am tired， I must go to bed.
（正）I am tired， so I must go to bed.
“方法点拨”英语句子特点之一重“形合”，句子的各个部分由各种关联词联在一起。而汉语句子重“意合”，句子前后连接主要是通过上下文的逻辑意义来实现，很多学生在写作时往往忽略这一点造成句子的错误。
巩固练习：找出并改正下列各词句中的错误
1、You practise more reading， you will improve your reading ability.
1
2
3．参考范文：
Being a popular student
We all hope to be popular with our classmates and teachers．To enjoy popularity, we are supposed to regard the class as our big family and try our best to take an active part in all our class activities．We should be responsible for the work and keep teamwork spirit in mind.
To be a popular student, we must show our respect, concern and sympathy for others．As a result, we never hesitate to lend a hand to those in need.
To be a popular student, we ought to be strict with ourselves in everything we do at school and make an effort to achieve all-round development, being good not only at our lessons but also at sports, music, painting, social services and so on．In time of success we remain modest, while in time of difficulty we keep strong-minded.
All in all, being a popular student among the classmates and teachers comes naturally to those who keep improving their personal qualities.
Passage32
（河南省郑州市47中2010届高三实验班第一次月考）
有一批要到中国投资的外国企业家在我国某城市参观考察。假定你是接待人员，要向外宾们简要介绍这个城市的概况。请你用英语写一篇100词左右的发言稿，须包括以下内容：
1. 这是一座新兴的现代化城市，建于20世纪90年代初；
2. 海陆空交通便利，又有一条与首都北京相连的高速公路（freeway）；
3. 自然资源丰富，电力及其他能源供应充足；
4. 公共秩序（the public order）良好，政府多方面支持外国投资者（investor）。
注意：短文开头已写出，不计入总词数。
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Welcome to our city. Now let me introduce…
（吉林省长春外国语学校2010届高三第一次月考）
请根据下面的提示，以―南极洲Antarctica‖为题写一篇短文(词数100词左右)．
1．南极洲在地球的最南端(extreme south)
2 它的面积大约14万平方公里。
3 它是世界上最寒冷的地方。常年有冰雪覆盖。
4 它的自然资源有企鹅 (penguin)、鲸(whale)、铁、煤等。
5 目前还只有一些科学工作者在那里。
练后总结：
1
2
3．参考范文：
Antarctica
Antarctica, which is the coldest continent in the world, lies the extreme south of the earth. It has
an area of about 140，000 square kilometers. It is covered with cold thick ice and deep snow all year
long．But it is a very rich continent．It has many well-known animals such as penguins, whales and it is