一、图形种类及概述法：
数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图：pie chart 表格图：table直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram 趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram 流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram 程序图：processing/procedures diagram
圆柱图：column chart
描述：
show/describe/illustrate/apparent/reveal/represent/demonstrate/indicate/depict 以下是一些较常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that)
According to the table/chart diagram/graph
As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures,
figures/statistics shows (that)...
It can be seen from the figures/statistics
We can see from the figures/statistics
It is clear from the figures/statistics
It is apparent from the figures/statistics
table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ...
二、data的具体表达法
增加：increase / raise / rise / go up / grow/ jump/ ascend
减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall/decline/reduce/ descend
波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ...
稳定：remain stable(steady) / stabilize / level off ...
最常用的两种表达法：
1. Verb+Adverb form
The number of XXX
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate...
+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly...
+from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间)
2. Adjective+Noun form
There was a (very)
sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation (注意：上述很多词不可用于修饰fluctuation)
+in the number of XXX from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间)
描述稳定的data：
The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间)
The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间)
There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 描述不同状态的data
Noun form:
steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop
Verbal form:
(to) bottom out / (to) reach the bottom / (to) increase gradually / (to) reach a plateau / (to) remain steady
描述the highest point以及the lowest point
高点极值：
The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ...
+peaked in (月份/年) <准确时间点用at XXX> at XXX% / XXX(极点data) 或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX(极点data)
低点极值：
XXX bottomed out / reached
+rock / the bottom / a low point
或者hit a trough
此外，在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：
并列： as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what's more, apart from ... 举例： for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially
事实： as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as ... 雷同/近似：similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally ... 转折： however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in spite of, despite of ...
原因与结果
1. cause-suggestion (几乎不常用)
since / now that ...; I hope that...
because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that...
2. cause-effect (较常用)
XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ...
(一个句子), therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / (and) so ...
3. effect-cause (较常用)
XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ...
(一个句子), because ...
it is adj. that ...
it is unimaginable that ...
it is undeniable that ...
it is interesting to discover that ...
变化程度：
sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的 rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的
dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的 significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的
sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply 急剧升降的
steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的 slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的 slight/slightly轻微的、略微地
stable/stably 稳定的
其它在描述中的常用到的词
significant changes 图中一些较大变化 noticeable trend 明显趋势
during the same period 在同一时期 distribute 分布，区别
unequally 不相等地 pronounced 明显的
average 平均 no doubt 无疑地
corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的 represent vt. 阐述，表现
overall 总体上讲 in the case of adv. 在...的情况下
in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面
三、标准化结构：(此部分仅供参考。)
Para 1, 两句话：第一句：This is a _____chart, which demonstrates the number of_____ from ____ to ____. 如果两个图，则：There are two charts below. The _____ chart describes the number of _____, and the _____ chart illustrates the figure of ____. 第二句：(所有题目适用)，From the chart we can see that the number of ______ varies constantly/greatly in _____.
Para 2, As we can see from the chart,/or It is clear from the chart that ____. 如果有两个图：则：The _____ chart shows that ______./or As we can see from the first chart, _______
Para 3, (如果两个图的话，) It is clear from the second chart that …
Para 4 结尾：From the figures/statistics above, we can see/conclude/draw a conclusion that …
流程图常用词句总结
1.描述过程，流程常用句子
the following diagraph shows the structure of……
the picture illustrates……
it mainly consists of……
it works as follows.
it always involves following steps.
the whole procedure can be divided into…stages.
2.描述流程，过程的常用过渡性词语 firstly
secondly
thirdly/finally
the first step is to
the next step is to
the last step is to
the first stage involves in the next stage
in the following stage
in the last stage
first of all
to begin with
next
then
later
at the same time
simultaneously
subsequently
consequently
before this
during
after this
in the course of
in order to/in order not to
in order that
so as to/so as not to
描述流程的文章，应说明：
1. 首先说明是做什么工作的过程，目的是什么
2. 准备工作
3. 按时间/过程先后描述
4. 结果
5. 简单总结(可有可无)
描述一个实物/器具的工作过程，文章应分以下几点：
1. 实物是什么，做什么用的
2. 基本结构
3. 工作过程
4. 简单总结
第二篇：雅思写作task1(b)
The chart below shows the different levels of post-school
qualifications
Australia and in the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.
对于男性，持有skilled-vocational
diploma的人数比例是最高的，而女性，在持有undergraduate diploma的人比例为最大。
最大比例
的男性，大约90%，持有skilled-vocational
diploma,而对于女性，仅仅为男性比例的1/9。有70%的女性持有undergraduate diploma, 相比较于40%的男性。 对于持有postgraduate以及master的人群而言，男性多于女性。最大的比例的差距体现在持有postgraduate人群，男性
为70%，女性为30%。有60%的男性持有master degree而女性的比例仅仅为40%。
相反的是，持有bachelor degree的人女性要高于男性，但是差值却最小，仅仅为10%。
处理方式二：
总体而言，对于高学历人群而言，持有postgraduate以及master男性的比例要高于女性。
30%的女性获得postgraduate diploma,比持有同种学历的男性低了40%。
对于获得master的女性，与postgraduate的女性比例相比，出现了一个小
幅度的增长，增长了10%。而相反的是，男性的比例减少了10%。
对于持有skilled-vocational的人而
言，与持有高学历的人相性，但是，差距却是最明显的。
有90%的男性获得这个学历，是女性的9倍。
而对于获得undergraduate 以及bachelor学历的人而言，情况相反。
在所有女性，持有undergraduate的人的比例是最高的，为70%，相
反的是男性的比例为最低的，仅仅为大约40%。
对于持有bachelor 的而言，有55%的女性，相比较于45%的男性。
The graph below gives information about the preferred leisure activities of Australian children.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown.
The chart shows the
number of mobile phones and landlines per 100
people in selected countries.
1 以上手机固话的图
2 预习 上册 P 43 44 46 47 48
3 预习 淡蓝色 P 59 -60 65-68