20##年中考英语书面表达专题《评论性议论文》
【写法指导】
◇【题型设置与意图】
评论性议论文就是客观地分析和评论某一事物或事件的正反两个方面，或是对某一问题反映出的不同观点展开讨论，并做出判断或给出结论。具体表现为就事论事的一事一议性议论文或就理论理的评论性议论文。基本结构通常为：开头：提出问题或叙述事件，即引出要评论的事物、观点或事件。主体：陈述不同的观点及其理由。结尾：平衡不同的看法，表明自己的观点。评论文旨在考查学生表达自己对事物、事件的看法的能力，主要考查一般现在时态陈述句的运用。
◇【写作角度与注意事项】
写作评论性议论文时，要从论点、论据、论证三个方面人手。
论点：即中心论点，是对议论的问题所持的看法或主张，论点可以出现在文章开头、中间或结尾。论点也可以是题目。
论据：是用来证明论点的理由和根据。它可以是事例，也可以是理论，也可以是数据，必要时也可用故事、寓言等作为论据。
论证：论证是用论据证明论点的过程。论证要合乎逻辑，通过论证做到观点与材料统一，即观点统率材料，材料证明观点。
论证方法：
事例论证：列举几个典型的事例，对观点加以证明。所选事例不宜太多，但必须具有典型性。
理论论证：通过讲道理来论证自己的观点。
比喻论证：通过打比方的方式证明自己的观点。
正反对比论证：从正反两个方面对提出的观点加以论证。
归纳论证：先引述一个故事，一段对话或描写一个场面，再一层层地从事实分析出道理，归纳引申出一个新的结论；也可以先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论。
演绎推理：从相反的观点导人主题，再分段论述得出正确的论点。
写作时要注意：
1．确定论点，提出的论点要正确、鲜明，使人一目了然。
2．要有足够的论据，可以列举生活的实例，论据一定要充分、确切，使人信服。
3．论证要严密，符合逻辑规律。
4．议论文在写作手法上以议论为主，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。
5．议论文一般可分为三段，开头提出论点，中间通过摆事实或讲道理加以论证，最后总结全文。
写 作 演 示
◇【真题再现】
目前，学生考试作弊现象严重，请围绕以下要点谈谈其中原因以及个人建议。80词左右。
一、原因：1．考试太多；
2．自身勤奋不够；
3．把大量时间用在上网和玩游戏上；
4．为了骗家长和老师高兴。
二、你的看法与建议。
At present，a number of middle school students have picked up a bad habit-cheating in examinations.
【写作思路】
1．中心人称：第三人称，第一人称
2．主体时态：一般现在时态
3．要点梳理：考试作弊原因(共四点：1．考试太多；2．自身勤奋不够；3．把大量时间用在上网和玩游戏上；4．为了骗家长和老师高兴)；看法和建议
【语句构建】
指出现象→A number of middle school students have picked up a bad habit--cheating in examinations．
分析原因→There are four reasons．
First，There are too many exams．
Second，some students don’t work hard at their lessons．
Third，they waste a lot of time playing games or surfing the Internet．So they haven’t enough time to prepare for the exams．
Finally，students have to do so to make their teachers and parents happy．
表明观点→In my opinion，cheating in exams does great harm to our study．
提出建议→We students should be honest and diligent．
Our teachers should offer US fewer exams and more time to study for ourselves．
【写作模板】
指出现象：Nowadays，．．．are interested in．．．
We can see many people．．．in our daily life．
提出论点：I think it is．．．
I don’t think it is．．．
I agree with．．．／to．．．
I disagree with．．．／to．．．
It is．．．for．．．to do．．．
In my opinion，．．．
提出建议或希望：I think we should．．．
I agree that we are supposed to．．．
【范文展示】
At present，a number of middle school students have picked up a bad habit--cheating in examinations．
There are four main reasons．First，schools have given students too many exams，some of which are too difficult．Second，some students are not hard-working．Third，they waste a lot of time playing games or surfing the Internet．So they haven’t enough time to prepare for the exams Finally, students have to do so to make their teachers and parents happy．
In my opinion。cheating in exams does great harm to our studies．We students should be honest and diligent and only in this way can we improve our studies and make progress．Besides，our teachers should offer US fewer exams and more time to study for ourselves．
【名师点评】
范文思路清晰，行文条理清晰，观点明确，建议合理。范文先指出存在的现象，然后按照要点顺序说明这种现象的原因，在此基础上提出了自己的观点并提出了解决问题的建议。
知 识 清 单
【实战演练】
（一）
对于“碰到作业困难时是否向老师请教”，同学们持有不同的观点，请你根据下表内容提示，用英语写一篇短文，陈述同学们的观点及理由，并谈谈你的观点及理由，发表在校园网的论坛上。
要求：1．短文必须包括表中的所有信息，可适当发挥；
2．开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3．词数：80—100。
参考词汇：explain clearly，communicate with，be laughed at
The students of our class have different ideas about whether we ask teachers for help with homework problems．
(二)
前天，你所在的班级就学生的作业问题展开了一次讨论。以下是你班同学的观点：许多学生认为做作业很有好处，而部分学生不这样认为。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇简要的介绍，并表明你自己的观点。
参考词汇：It’s good to do．．．，review，solve，problem，duty，too．．．to．．．，in my opinion
要求：1．词数：80左右，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2．必须包括全部要点，但不能逐词翻译；
3．在文中不要提及真实的校名和姓名。
What do students think of their homework?
The day before yesterday．we had a discussion about our homework．
(三)
大多数中学生认为校内生活是丰富多彩的，学习是快乐有趣的。然而，无论在城市还是农村，学校里都有一些厌学的学生。请围绕该话题用英语谈谈你的看法
要求：1．内容包括：①中学生厌学的主要原因；
②你对该现象的看法；
2. 词数：60—80；
3．短文中不得出现你的真实姓名、学校名和地名。
(四)
在英语课上，同学们就自己喜欢的旅游方式展开了讨论。请你根据下表内容，用英语写一篇短文。汇报讨论结果，并谈谈自己的想法。
注意：1．文章必须包括表中全部内容，可适当增加细节；
2．想法至少在两句以上；
3．开头已给出，不计入总词数；
4．词数：80—100。
参考词汇：团队旅游travel with a group；个人旅游travel alone；安排arrange
Recently，we have discussed the ways to go traveling．Here is the result．Some students choose to travel with a group．
（五）
假设你校为了配合创建"文化校园高效课堂"活动，最近以"学生做作业时是否应该在网上找答案?"为题做了一个调查。调查发现一些学生赞成,但许多学生反对这种做法。请你根据调查情况和下列表格中的要点提不，以“Think before you search online”
为题用英语写一篇短文。
注意：
1.词数90左右。短文的开头已为你写好,不计入总词数；
2.短文须包括所有要点，不要遂词翻译,可适当发挥,使短文连贯、通顺；
3.短文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。
Think before you search online
Some students now have a new use for the Internet — helping them with their homework. But different people have different ideas about it.
（六）
某英语报开展“How to Deal with the Exam Stress”征文比赛，请你根据图片和表格中提示的内容，简要描述并适当发表自己的观点，写一篇英语短文。
注意：（1）词数90左右，短文首句已给出，不计入总词数
（2）文中不得提及考生所在学校及自己的姓名
How to Deal with the Exam Stress
Everyone may have the exam stress. A little bit of stress can be a good thing to us.
（七）
不久前，全国有部分省市出台一项新政策：高考英语将由150分降为100分，此事在国内引起极大争议。有的人认为此举很好，有的人则认为不妥。作为一名中学生，你的看法是什么？请分析其原因。
注意：1. 词数80词左右；开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
2. 文中不得出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。
3. 参考词汇：reform改革；master掌握；advanced先进的
Not long before, a new policy aroused a heated discussion that the mark of English will be reduced from 150 to 100. …
（八）
你校学生会以“初三学生要不要参加春游活动”为题，向初三学生作调查．请你根据下表所出示的调查结果，以”Whether or Not Should Junior 3 Students Go Spring Outing?”为题写一篇短文，上交学生会．
注意：1、词数90左右，开头
已为你写好，不计入总词数．
2、必须包括所有要点，不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺．
Whether or Not Should Junior 3 Students Go Spring Outing?
We have had a heated discussion on whether Junior 3 students should go spring outing,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（九）
20##年4月23日是江苏省首个全民阅读日。目前，我区各学校也开展了各种阅读活动。请根据以下要点，谈谈同学们在阅读方面存在的问题以及你对阅读的理解和看法，并给同学们提出一些建议。
注意：
1. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；
2. 语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，适当发挥，书写规范；
3. 词数80左右，开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
Enjoy reading, enjoy life
It is really meaningful for us to read books in our daily life. ________________
（十）
李克强总理将“全民阅读”写入了《政府工作报告》，倡导全民热爱阅读。请根据提示用英文向English Post投稿，简述阅读现状及你对阅读的看法和打算。
要求：1.词数80左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数。
2.语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范。
3.文中不能出现自己的真实姓名和校名。
Premier Li Keqiang has put the National Reading in his government work report to encourage a love of reading in all Chinese people.
（十一）
假设你班为促进学生素质的全面发展，最近以“当班干是否会影响自己的学习？”为题进行了一次讨论。许多同学认为当班干不会影响自己的学习，但也有一些同学认为当班干会影响自己的学习。请你根据以下表格中的内容要点提示，用英语写一篇短文。
要求：1. 词数100个左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 所写内容必须包括表格中的所有的信息，并作适当的发挥；
3. 不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名等相关信息。
（参考词汇：掉队 fall behind, 自信心 conference, 关系 relationship）
Is it good to be the class leader?
Does being a class leader affect（影响） our studies？ Different students have different opinions（观点）.
Some students think __________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
(一)
The students of our class have different ideas about whether we ask teachers for help with homework problems．Those who prefer to ask teachers for help think that teachers can explain clearly so that they can understand the problems easily，and it will be a good chance
to communicate with teachers．However，some disagree．On one hand，they are too shy to ask teachers for help．On other hand，they are afraid of being laughed at by classmates．
As for me，I would like to ask teachers for help．I can get more ways for my studies．It is easier to solve the problems with their help，and I can save more time on homework．Teachers can help me a lot．
(二)
What do students think of their homework?
The day before yesterday，we had a discussion about our homework．Many students thought it was good to do homework，but some students didn’t think so．
Many students thought doing homework could help them review what they learned and learn to solve problems alone．It＇s their duty to finish homework．They should learn how to plan time well．
But some students thought it took much time and they couldn’t rest well．They couldn’t do the things they liked，either．Some homework was too difficult to finish．
In my opinion，it＇s necessary and helpful to do some suitable homework．
(三)
Most of middle school students agree that schoo1 life is rich and colorful and learning is very interesting and enjoyable．However，some of the students，either in cities or in the countryside，feel tired of their studies at school, It is a very serious problem in our society， but why?
Some of them think that education at school is useless．and the subjects they learn have nothing to do with their Interests or even their future．Little by little，they lose their interest in studies or even get tired of it．In the end they find it too hard to go on with their studies and finally lose confidence in their studies and give it up．
In my opinion．learning is very important on the life road to success for our future．Gorky told us that books are the ladders to progress for mankind，so I think we should stick to our 1earning，however hard it is or whatever difficulties we meet in our life．
(四)
Recently，we have discussed the ways to go traveling．Here is the result．Some students choose to travel with a group．With a guide＇s help．they won＇t get lost and they don＇t need to look for hotels by themselves．Besides，they can make friends and help each other while traveling．
However，other students prefer to travel alone．That＇s because they can arrange their time freely and choose to visit their favorite sights．What＇s more，it＇s a chance for them to 1earn to look after themselves．
For me，I＇d like to travel alone．I want to spend enough time visiting the places I like．In this way，I can enjoy my vacation better．
（五）
Think before you search online
Some students now have a new use for the Internet ~ helping them with theirhomework. But
different people have different ideas about it.
Some students agree with it. They sometimes don't know the answers to the problems, so they have to turn to the Internet, They think they can learn from other people. At the same time, it's easy and it saves time.
However, not all the students welcome this. Many students think simply copying the answers won’t improve their abilities and it may make students stop thinking.
I think students should first think over the problems by themselves. If we use the Internet properly, it could be a good way to study.
（六）
（七）
Not long before, a new policy aroused a heated discussion that the mark of English will be reduced from 150 to 100.
As a student, in my opinion, it is of the same importance to learn Chinese and English well. We Chinese certainly should learn our mother language well. At the same time, English is an international language and tool. We should master it to better know about the world and learn advanced technology abroad to serve our motherland. What’s more, as China is developing quickly, we have more chances to communicate with foreigners in English.
In a word, whether the mark of English will be reduced or not, we students should learn it well.
（八）
Whether or Not Should Junior 3 Students Go Spring Outing?
We have had a heated discussion on whether Junior 3 students should go spring outing. 65% of the students think they should go spring outing. Because they can be close to nature. They can also feel the running water and the blowing wind. It can also bring peace to their mind and body. However, 35% of the students don’t agree. They think they have too much homework to do and it’s a waste of time. I think going spring outing has many advantages over other activities. We can feel relaxed if we go spring outing. We can also achieve a balance between work and rest.
（九）
Enjoy reading, enjoy life
It is really meaningful for us to read books in our daily life. However, some students spend a lot of time playing computer games or chatting online. They seldom read books. In fact, reading helps us in many ways. The more books you read, the more knowledge you will have. It can also make you smarter and you will be better in your field, so that you can get more chances to be successful. What’s more, you will be more creative.
It is necessary for us to read good books. Try to make reading become a part of our daily life. We can do some reading in the bookshops or libraries. We can share our feelings with our parents and friends after reading. It is a happy experience in our life. I think the advice above can give you some help.
（十）
Premier Li Keqiang has put the National Reading in his government work report to encourage a love of reading in all Chinese people.
However, some Chinese people seldom read in their spare time. Some say that they are too busy to do some reading, others think that it’s useless to read.
But I think reading is important in our life because we can get knowledge through reading. It can not only open our minds but also make us wiser. And at the same time you can get great fun from reading.
So, I’m going to pay more for books, magazines and other kinds of reading materials. And I will also spend more time in reading every day.
（十一）
Is it good to be the class leader?
Does being a class leader affect(影响) our studies？ Different students have different opinions(观点).
Some students think being a class leader doesn’t influence our studies. If we want to do well in our studies, we must listen to the teacher carefully and do some exercises to practise. And being a class leader doesn’t harm either of these. Class leaders are always better at studying than other students. They need to set a good example to others, so they always try their best to make progress in their studies.
However, some others think being a class leader affects our studies. As a class leader, we don’t have much time to study. We need to help others to study. And we need to spend a lot of time keeping order. Then there is not much time for ourselves. We will fall behind.
In my opinion, being a class leader at school doesn’t influence our studies. It’s a good chance to improve ourselves. / It can develop our abilities and help us improve our relationships with others / It can help us increase our confidence in communicating with others.