20xx年6月英语四级作文范文四

20xx年6月英语四级作文范文

On Excessive Packaging

In recent years, the excessive use of packages has become quite a serious problem in China. As for the reasons of excessively packaging, there are many factors contributing to it.

It is conceivable that the excessive packaging has mainly arisen from the two following factors. For one thing, people in mounting numbers are inclined to send a variety of gifts to their relatives and friends, especially during the holidays, and decorated gifts sometimes are a symbol of good taste. For another, the dealers are in the purpose of making more money by packaging the products to the largest extent.

Taking all the above-mentioned factors into consideration, it is quite urgent for us to take effective measures to cope with it. We consumers should basically concentrate more on the quality of the commodities rather than the packages; meanwhile, the government should also put restrictions on the excessive packaging. Only in this way can we guarantee the harmonious development of the market as well as ourselves.

20xx年6月英语四级答案汇总

第二篇：四20xx年6月英语四级模拟考

20xx年6月英语四级模拟考

Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: City Problems. You should write at least 120 words .following the outline given below in Chinese:

1． 越来越多的人涌人大城市，有些问题随之产生

2． 比较明显的问题有……

3．我对这种现象的想法

City Problems Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Paper--More than Meets the Eye

We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.

It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card. Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based. Paper from Wood

In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.

A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.

Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.

It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is never

theless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!

So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may

indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.

Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.

Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end. Paper from Rag

Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to

purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.

A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.

The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.

第2题The corn-flake packet is cheaper than __

[A] high grade card

[B] middle grade card

[C] low grade card

[D] any grade card

第3题There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are __

[A] woods, cottons and grasses

[B] soft wood and cotton

[C] soft wood, cotton and rags

[D] cottons and grasses

第4题During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made from

[A] strong alkalies

[B] caustic soda

[C] cellulose fibres

[D] a pulp of cellulose fibres

第5题In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add __

[A] albescent

[B] bleach

[C] escharotic

[D] lysozyme

第6题_____ is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.

[A] Acid

[B] Alkali

[C] Cellulose fibres

[D] Liguin

第7题Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because __

[A] leaving the lignin will decrease his paper yield

[B] leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree

[C] liguin is very useful in the process

[D] lignin is essential for making paper

第8题__ is particularly harmful to photographic materials,

[A] Liguin

[B] Bleach

[C] Acid

[D] Chemical whiteners

第9题If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be___________

第10题Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because___________

第11题What we can learn from "Paper from Rag" is that you had better buy archival materials___________

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

11.[A] 1016.

[B] 1060.

[C] 508.

[D] 580.

12. [A] Father and daughter.

[B] Uncle and niece.

[C] Aunt and nephew.

[D] Cousins.

13. [A] She wasn’t invited.

[B] She wasn’t ready to come.

[C] She altered her decision.

[D] She forgot the invitation.

14. [A] The door needs repairing.

[B] He had lost all his keys.

[C] He couldn’t open the door.

[D] He wanted the woman to help him.

15. [A] She’s rather happy to hear so.

[B] She’s disappointed to hear so.

[C] She’s unhappy to hear so.

[D] She’s surprised to hear so. 16. [A] He thought it was a good car. [B] He thought it was too noisy, [C] He thought there was something wrong with the car.

[D] He didn’t like it.

17. [A] In a car.

[B] In a train,

[C] In a ship.

[D] In a plane.

18. [A] She’ll go to the concert.

[B] She’ll have a meeting.

[C] She’ll watch her neighbor’s children.

[D] She’ll visit her neighbor.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. [A] The early history of bookbinding.

[B] How old books become valuable.

[C] Economical ways to protect old books.

[D] Why some books decay.

20. [A] They are often handled improperly by readers.

[B] The paper is destroyed by chemicals. [C] The ink used in printing damages the paper. [D] The glue used in the binding loses its strength. 21. [A] They are difficult to read.

[B] They are slowly falling apart

[C] They were not made from wood pulp.

[D] They should be stored in a cold place.

22. [A] Get some books for the man to look at.

[B] Ask the man to look over her notes.

[C] Continue her research in the library.

[D] Find more information on how books are preserved.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. [A] Which major the woman will be choosing.

[B] An anthropology course the woman is taking,

[C] How to find a job in publishing.

[D] which anthropology professors the man recommends.

24. [A] It is not as difficult as she had thought it wonld be.

[B] She would like her professor to explain it more clearly.

[C] She took a class on it last semester.

[D] Her professor will write a book on it soon.

25. [A] Her professor.

[B] A classmate.

[C] Her former boss.

[D] A foreign diplomat. Section B Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26.

[A] Because nobody knew his address.

[B] Because nobody knew his age.

[C] Because Penury’s private life was a secret.

[D] Because Penury was still a bachelor at the age of forty-five. 27.

[A] He did not spend money freely.

[B] He was always well-dressed.

[C] He had a luxurious ear.

[D] He worked hard for a living.

28.

[A] A photographer.

[B] A burglar.

[C] A reporter.

[D] A professor.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. [A] In 1809. [B] In 1863.

[C] In 1865.

[D] In 1860.

30.

[A] Four years.

[B] Five years

[C] Three years.

[D] Six years.

3l.

[A] A soldier.

[B] A thief.

[C] A government officer.

[D] An actor.

32.

[A] Because they didn’t like Lincoln being their President.

[B] Because they wanted to set up their own government,

[C] Because they disagreed with Lincoln on the abolishment of slavery.

[D] Because they wanted to stage a war against Lincoln’s government.

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. [A] 10points. [B] 2 points. [C] 15 points.

[D] points.

34.

[A] They will take one of the six major tests,

[B] They will have to write a composition.

[C] They will be given a pop test.

[D] They will be required to read a short story in class.

35.

[A] An essay.

[B] A magazine article,

[C] A poem.

[D] A short story.

Section C

Part Ill Section C

Scientists have developed a new cancer drug. So far, they have tested it only on (36) _ _ animals. The drug is designed to (37) and kill cancer cells but not healthy cells.

First, the drug enters the cancer and destroys the supply of blood. Then it releases (38) to destroy the cancer cells.

Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge carried out the study. The (39) appeared in Nature ( 40 ) . A school news release called the drug an "anti-cancer smart bomb". Ram Sasisekharan is a professor at M.I.T. He says his team had to (41) three problems. They had to find a way to destroy the blood vessels, then to (42) the growth of new ones. But they also needed the blood vessels to supply

chemicals to destroy the cancer.

So, the researchers designed a two-part "nanocell". The cell is (43) in nanometers, or one The scientists say it was small enough to pass through the blood vessels of the cancer, but it was too big to enter normal blood vessels. The surface of the nanocells also helped them to avoid natural defenses.

(45)

That cut off the blood supply and trapped the nanocell inside the cancer. Then, the nanocell slowly

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)

Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）

【连题】Questions48~47are based on the following passage.

Men who bottle up their anger at being unfairly treated at work are up to five times more likely to

I was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbede's (1994) article on high illiteracy rates among women and school dropout rates among girls. According to Arigbede, literacy animators view their role as assisting in the self-liberating development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life. Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization compels them to intervene on the side of the

marginalized. Their motivation is not derived from a love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral.

Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animator working with women and men in Nigeria. She

believes that literacy animators have to make a clear choice about whose culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work. Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students' traditional cultures or community, or fosters illiteracies in learners' first or home languages or dialects and in their orality?

Some approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition. Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and represented when students engage in choral reading versus the practice of having one student read out loud to the group. To identify as a literacy animator is to choose the ideology of "sharing, solidarity, love, equity, co-operation with and respect of both nature and other human beings". Literacy pedagogy that matches the animator ideology works on maintaining the languages and cultures of millions of minority children who at present are being forced to accept the language and culture of the dominant group. It might lead to assessment that examines the performance outcomes of a community of literacy learners and the social significance of their uses of literacy, as opposed to measuring what an individual can do as a reader and writer on a standardized test. Shor (1993) describes literacy animators as problem-posing, community-based, dialogic educators. Do our teacher-education textbooks on reading and language arts promote the idea that teachers should explore problems from a community-based dialogic perspective?

79. A

A. struggles for a more meaningful life.

B. frees people from poverty and illiteracy.

C. is committed to marginalize the illiterate.

D. is concerned with what is behind illiteracy.

A. promote students' home languages.

B. force students to accept their culture.

C. teach nothing but reading and writing.

D. consider literacy as of non-neutral nature.

81. Arigbede worked with Nigerians probably to

A. teach American customs and ideology.

B. make a choice of culture to be fostered.

C. reject the values of the dominant class.

D. help maintain Nigerian language and culture.

82. According to the author, "choral reading" may represent

A. individualism.

B. collectivism.

C. competition.

D. immersion.

83. Animator ideology emphasizes more

A. the social function of literacy.

B. students?performance in tests.

C. the dominant group's language.

D. the attainment of life skills.

84. It is implied by the author that, because of the kind of teacher education in the US, teachers there

A. constant development of new teaching approaches.

B. using their own wisdom in problem-solving.

C. talented performances of minority students.

D. community-based literacy enhancement.

Passage two

InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration in countering the threat of cyber crime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states, Calloway said. With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry, the academic community and public agencies. Bands, utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share information about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system free. A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.

A "sanitized" description of a hacking attempt or other incident-one that doesn't reveal the name or information about the victim-can be shared with the other members to spot trends. Then a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to interfere if there are grounds for an

investigation. Cyber crime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial commerce and technology like Charlotte. "Ten years ago, all you needed to protect yourself was a safe, a fence and security officers," said Chris Swecker, who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office. "Now any business with a modem is subject to attack." FBI agents investigate computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including Amazon. com, CNN and Yahoo!

several North Carolina victims have been identified this year. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks. Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of companies to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile, too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles, who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board, said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cyber crime goes undetected. Wiles, a computer security expert, has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files. "I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer," he said, "the Net is a wonderful place, but it's also a dangerous one."

57. From the first paragraph, we know ________.

[A] InfraGard is a protective measure against cyber crime

[B] InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration

[C] there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states

[D] private business and the government are now committing cyber crime

58. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT ________.

[A] academic communities

[B] public agencies

[C] FBI

[D] private industry

59. By saying "too many corporations...speed and accessibility" (Lines 3～4, Para. 3), the author means ________.

[A] too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers

[B] criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility

[C] it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility

[D] many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security

60. All the following are reasons for the rise in cyber crime EXCEPT ________.

[A] victims won't report intrusions by hackers

[B] victims have no firewalls

[C] the use of modem is increasing

[D] companies don't pay enough attention to security

61. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.

[A] not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation

[B] information of the victims is inaccessible

[C] InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September

[D] Amazon.com was often disrupted by hacking

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

Every year more than half a million American kids have drainage (排泄 ) tubes surgically implanted in their ears to combat persistent infections. The procedure, known as tympanostomy, may not be as (67) as the tonsillectomy was in the 1940s, but it now (68) the nation's leading childhood (69) and a new study suggests it's being vastly overused. In (70) more than 6,000 scheduled ear tube operations, a team of experts (71) by Harvard pediatrician Lawrence Kleinman found that fewer than half were clearly justified. "Each year", the researchers write in the current Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), "several hundred thousand children in the United States may be (72) tympanostomy tubes that offer them no demonstrated

(73)...and may place them at increased (74) ."

Tube placement isn't a (75) risky procedure, but it costs $1,000 to $1,500 and sometimes scars the eardrum, causing a partial loss of (76). Studies show that the benefits are most likely to (77) the risks ifa

child's middle ear has produced sticky fluid (78) more than four months despite treatment (79) antibiotics. For less virulent infections, drug treatment is Usually a(n) (80) , safer alternative (though drugs, too, can be overused). In the new JAMA study, Kleinman's team reviewed the medical charts of 6,429 kids, all under 16, (81)doctors had recommended the procedure. Even making "generous assumptions" about the likely (82) , the researchers found that a quarter of the proposed operations were (83) , since less invasive alternatives were available, (84) another third were as likely to harm the recipients as help them. Parents needn't (85) about ear tubes that are already in place. Once (86) implanted, the tiny devices provide drainage for six months to a year, then come out by reducing health costs by hundreds of millions of dollars every year. 根据以上短文，回答68~87题 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

[A] rare

[B] common [B] altemateS [B] disease

[B] reviewing [B] conducted [B] accepting [B] risk [B] hearing [B] outflow [B] on

[B] upon [B] faster [B] whose [B] dangers [B] when [B] panic [B] quickly

[C] general [C] ranges

[D] abnormal [D] ranks [D] injection [D] performing [D] led [D] initiating [D] hortcoming [D] extent [D] terribly [D] memory [D] outgrow [D] to [D] along [D] cheaper [D] who [D] benefits [D] inadequate [D] while [D] protest [D] formally

[A] considers [A] operation [A] finding [A] controlled 72 [A] receiving [A] bottom [A] subtly [A] feeling [A] outfit [A] for [A] by

[C] condition [C] amending [C] legitimated [C] undertaking [C] advantage [C] edge [C] merely [C] health [C] in

[A] disadvantage [B] agreement

[B] hopefully

[C] outweigh [C] with [C] further [C] that [C] chances

[A] expensive [A] which [A] risks [A] where [A] outrage [A] lively

[A] inappropriate [B] favorable [C] preferable [C] whether [C] complain [C] successfully

PartⅥ Translation (5 minutes)

第88题Only then________ (莫妮卡才意识到她有多爱她的丈夫)．

纠错第89题________ (这份工作吸引我的地方)is the salary and the possibility of foreign travel．

纠错第90题It is time that________ (我们为期末考试做准备)．

第91题If you had________(听了我的劝告，你就通过考试了)．

纠错第92题What do you think of his suggestion that________ (我们应该把家搬到离父母近点儿的地方)?