Unit Six
I. Background Information
Heart disease
In today's society, people are gaining medical knowledge at quite a fast pace. Treatments, cures, and vaccines for various diseases and disorders are being developed constantly, and yet, heart disease remains the number one killer in the world. The media today concentrates intensely on drug and alcohol abuse, homicides, AIDS and so on. What a lot of people are not realizing is that heart disease actually accounts for about 80% of all sudden deaths. In fact, the number of deaths from heart disease approximately equals to the number of deaths from cancer, accidents, chronic lung disease, and others, COMBINED. One of the symptoms of heart disease is angina pectoris(心绞痛). Unfortunately, a lot of people do not take it seriously, and thus not realizing that it may lead to other complications（并发症）, and even death. It’s very important for people to have a correct attitude towards heart disease.
II. Language Points
Text A
1. prevent
vt.阻止,妨碍(宾语后面常用from)；预防，防止
e.g. Nothing can prevent him. 什么也阻止不了他。
The rain prevented me from going. 这场雨把我阻挡住了。
Her illness prevented her from attending the meeting. 她病了，不能去开会。
2.enable
vt. 使能够，使可以（宾语后面接不定式）
e.g. Airplanes enable people to travel through the air. 飞机使人民得以在空中旅行。
Hard work enabled him to pass the examinations. 勤奋使他通过了这些考试。
3．benefit
vi. 得益于；从??得到好处（通常与from或by连用）
vt. 有益于 （A benefit B=B benefit from / by A）
n.利益，益处
e.g. students of foreign languages benefit greatly by reading aloud every morning.晨读对学外语的学生极为有益。
We benefited from our visits to the library. 我们常到图书馆去，收益很大。
The money should be used for the benefit of the poor.这笔钱应该用来帮助穷人。
4. recover
vt. 1重新获得，重新找到；2.收回，挽回
vi. The police recovered the stolen car. 警方找回了被盗的车。
e.g.We must recover our losses somehow. 我们必须设法挽回损失。
I hope you will soon recover. 希望你早日康复。
5. emphasize
vt. 强调，着重
e.g. The policeman emphasized the importance of careful driving. 警察强调了小心驾驶的重要性。
The author emphasized that most of the book is his own experiences. 作者强调说这本书的大部分是他自己的亲身经历。
6．lack
vt.缺乏，缺少，没有 n.缺乏，不足
for lack of因缺乏?? lack sth./be lacking in sth. 缺乏??
e.g. I’m afraid he’s somewhat lacking in intelligence. 我担心他缺少一些智慧。
7．result
vi.发生，因??引起；造成??的结果；结果n.结果，效果，成绩；
result from发生，因??引起；result in 引导，导致；as a result作为结果；as a result of 由于，作为??的结果；with the result that 因此；without result毫无结果地
e.g. Any damage resulting from negligence must be paid for by the borrower. 因疏忽引起的任何损坏应由借用者负责赔偿。 Their dispute resulted in war. 他们的争论终于造成战争。
Her efforts resulted badly. 她的努力结果不佳。
She was fired as a result of being careless at work. 她由于工作粗心而被炒鱿鱼。
8．responsibility
n. 责任，负责 (常用词组：take responsibility for 负起对??的责任)
e.g. You did it on your own responsibility. 你那么做是出于自己的责任。
I will lend you my camera if you will assume full responsibility for it. 如果你能负全责，我就把我的照相机借给你。
9. associate
v. 使发生联系；与??交往，与??结交
associate… with… 意思是“把??与??联系在一起”。
We associate Egypt with the Nile. 我们想起埃及就想起尼罗河。
associate with意思则是“与??常在一起，结交，与??为友”。例如：
Don’t associate with dishonest boys. 勿与不诚实的男孩为友。
10. take place
意思是“发生，产生；进行，举行”。
The wedding took place yesterday. 婚礼在昨日举行。
The story took place many years ago.这个故事发生在很多年以前。
take place 仅指“发生”这一动作，主语只能是物，且多指“按计划、安排举行的活动”；happen 偶然性较强，主语可以是人，有“碰巧”的意思；break out意为“爆发”，多指规模较大的事件，如战争，疾病，灾害，地震等。
Text B
1. consider
v. 考虑，细想，认为，把??看作，
通常后接（动）名词，从句，可跟双宾语，不定式。consider sb. (to be) sth. 表示：认为某人是??；be considered/said/ believed to do 表示：据认为/据说/据相信做??（若后面的动作若已经发生，则用完成时表示）。
e.g. Please consider my suggestion. 请考虑我的建议。
We are considering going to Canada. 我们正考虑赴加拿大。
Have you considered how to get there? 你曾考虑到如何能到达那里吗？
They consider Jim (to be) the cleverest boy in their class. 他们认为吉姆是他们班最聪明的学生。
She is considered to have done wonderfully in the final exam. 她被认为在期末考试中表现得非常出色。
2. go (on) + 表示某种行为的名词
通常表达“去做?”或“进行?”的意思。此用法中的on有时可以省掉。例如：My parents have decided to go on a journey to Shanghai next month.
go on 还有许多别的意思，如“发生”、“进行”、“继续”等。例如：
e.g. What’s going on out there? 那里发生什么事？
As time went on, things began to change. 随着时间流逝，事情开始发生变化。
You oughtn’t to go on living this way. 你不应继续这样的生活。
3．harm
n.& vi.伤害，损害，危害
e.g. The drought did a lot of harm to the crops.
干旱给庄稼带来许多危害。
I mean no harm to her.
我对她并无恶意。
Getting up early won't harm you!
早起对你没有坏处。
4. as though/if
as if和as though 的意思是“好像?；似乎?”，引出的从句中的动词常用虚拟语气。
e.g. I remember the whole thing as if/ as though it happened yesterday. 我记得这一切，就像它是昨天才发生似的。 It seemed as if the night would never end. 似乎这一夜永远过不完。
但现在as if/as though后的从句中谓语动词中用陈述语气的情况也不少。
It looks as if they are all in a terrible hurry. 看起来他们似乎非常匆忙。
5. so…that
“so+adj./adv.+that...”句型的意思是“如此/这么……以致于……”，常引导结果状语从句。so与that也可连起来写，即变成：... so that ...(以便 / 为了……)，引导目的状语从句。
e.g. He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor. 他病得不轻，我们必须为他请医生。 So many that we didn’t know where to put them all. 数量太多了，我们不知道什么地方才放得下。
I got up early so that I could catch the early bus. 我起的很早，以便赶上早班车。
Please open the window so that we can breathe fresh air. 请打开窗户，以便我们呼吸新鲜空气。
6．difficulty
n.困难，艰难，费力
e.g. Do you have any difficulty in understanding spoken English?
He did the work without much difficulty. 他毫不费力地做完那工作。
7．lead
vi.为??带路，指引，领/引导；通向；导致 n.铅
lead off (with sth.) （以??）开始 lead to导致，引起
e.g. Who’s going to lead off? 谁先开始？
What lead you to the conclusion? 什么使你下此结论。
This lead to great confusion. 此事导致大的混乱。
8. essential
n. 要素，要点 adj. 必要的，重要的，本质的
e.g. In considering this problem, you should grasp its essentials. 在考虑这一问题时, 你应当抓住实质。
Her most essential quality is kindness. 她最主要的品质是善良。
Food is essential to life. 食物对生命是必不可少的。
9. take the place of
代替，取代 e.g. Nowadays plastics have taken the place of many conventional materials. 现在塑料已代替了许多传统材料。
He will take the place of the manager next month. 他下个月将会将经理取而代之。
而take place 意思是：发生
The accident took place yesterday. 这个事故昨天发生了。
10. not only …but also
不仅...而且... “not only … but also …”是一个并列连词词组，其意思基本等于“both … and …”，但侧重点放在“but also”上。该词组使用时须遵守一定的规则，如要求对称、倒装及主谓一致等。
e.g. Franklin was considered not only an inventor, but also a statesman. 富兰克林不仅被看作发明家，而且被看作政治家。（not only与but also后面所连接的词的词性必须对等）
Not only the students but also the teacher was invited. 不仅学生们被邀请，而且那位教师也被邀请了。 （谓语动词的数应与but also后主语的数保持一致）
Not only does television appeal to those who can read but to those who can't. 电视不仅吸引阅读的人，而且也吸引了不会阅读的人。（not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构）
11. excess
adj. 过量的, 额外的 n. 超过, 过度
e.g. His excesses at parties are well known. 尽人皆知他在聚会上十分放肆。
Usury is interest in excess of a legal rate. 高利贷是指超过法定利率取息。
The fat boy went on a diet to get rid of his excess weight. 这个胖男孩节制饮食以减轻过量的体重。
12. keep…off
不接近, 避开
e.g. Keep off the sauce! 别喝烈酒！
The notice said ' Keep off the grass'. 布告牌上写著“勿踏草地”.
He drew the curtain to keep the sun off. 他拉上窗帘遮住阳光。
Text B
1. consider
v. 考虑，细想，认为，把??看作，
通常后接（动）名词，从句，可跟双宾语，不定式。consider sb. (to be) sth. 表示：认为某人是??；be considered/said/ believed to do 表示：据认为/据说/据相信做??（若后面的动作若已经发生，则用完成时表示）。
e.g. Please consider my suggestion. 请考虑我的建议。
We are considering going to Canada. 我们正考虑赴加拿大。
Have you considered how to get there? 你曾考虑到如何能到达那里吗？
They consider Jim (to be) the cleverest boy in their class. 他们认为吉姆是他们班最聪明的学生。
She is considered to have done wonderfully in the final exam. 她被认为在期末考试中表现得非常出色。
2. go (on) + 表示某种行为的名词
通常表达“去做?”或“进行?”的意思。此用法中的on有时可以省掉。例如：My parents have decided to go on a journey to Shanghai next month.
go on 还有许多别的意思，如“发生”、“进行”、“继续”等。例如：
e.g. What’s going on out there? 那里发生什么事？
As time went on, things began to change. 随着时间流逝，事情开始发生变化。
You oughtn’t to go on living this way. 你不应继续这样的生活。
3．harm
n.& vi.伤害，损害，危害
e.g. The drought did a lot of harm to the crops.
干旱给庄稼带来许多危害。
I mean no harm to her.
我对她并无恶意。
Getting up early won't harm you!
早起对你没有坏处。
4. as though/if
as if和as though 的意思是“好像?；似乎?”，引出的从句中的动词常用虚拟语气。
e.g. I remember the whole thing as if/ as though it happened yesterday. 我记得这一切，就像它是昨天才发生似的。 It seemed as if the night would never end. 似乎这一夜永远过不完。
但现在as if/as though后的从句中谓语动词中用陈述语气的情况也不少。
It looks as if they are all in a terrible hurry. 看起来他们似乎非常匆忙。
5. so…that
“so+adj./adv.+that...”句型的意思是“如此/这么……以致于……”，常引导结果状语从句。so与that也可连起来写，即变成：... so that ...(以便 / 为了……)，引导目的状语从句。
e.g. He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor. 他病得不轻，我们必须为他请医生。 So many that we didn’t know where to put them all. 数量太多了，我们不知道什么地方才放得下。
I got up early so that I could catch the early bus. 我起的很早，以便赶上早班车。
Please open the window so that we can breathe fresh air. 请打开窗户，以便我们呼吸新鲜空气。
6．difficulty
n.困难，艰难，费力
e.g. Do you have any difficulty in understanding spoken English?
He did the work without much difficulty. 他毫不费力地做完那工作。
7．lead
vi.为??带路，指引，领/引导；通向；导致 n.铅
lead off (with sth.) （以??）开始 lead to导致，引起
e.g. Who’s going to lead off? 谁先开始？
What lead you to the conclusion? 什么使你下此结论。
This lead to great confusion. 此事导致大的混乱。
8. essential
n. 要素，要点 adj. 必要的，重要的，本质的
e.g. In considering this problem, you should grasp its essentials. 在考虑这一问题时, 你应当抓住实质。
Her most essential quality is kindness. 她最主要的品质是善良。
Food is essential to life. 食物对生命是必不可少的。
9. take the place of
代替，取代 e.g. Nowadays plastics have taken the place of many conventional materials. 现在塑料已代替了许多传统材料。
He will take the place of the manager next month. 他下个月将会将经理取而代之。
而take place 意思是：发生
The accident took place yesterday. 这个事故昨天发生了。
10. not only …but also
不仅...而且... “not only … but also …”是一个并列连词词组，其意思基本等于“both … and …”，但侧重点放在“but also”上。该词组使用时须遵守一定的规则，如要求对称、倒装及主谓一致等。
e.g. Franklin was considered not only an inventor, but also a statesman. 富兰克林不仅被看作发明家，而且被看作政治家。（not only与but also后面所连接的词的词性必须对等）
Not only the students but also the teacher was invited. 不仅学生们被邀请，而且那位教师也被邀请了。 （谓语动词的数应与but also后主语的数保持一致）
Not only does television appeal to those who can read but to those who can't. 电视不仅吸引阅读的人，而且也吸引了不会阅读的人。（not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构）
11. excess
adj. 过量的, 额外的 n. 超过, 过度
e.g. His excesses at parties are well known. 尽人皆知他在聚会上十分放肆。
Usury is interest in excess of a legal rate. 高利贷是指超过法定利率取息。
The fat boy went on a diet to get rid of his excess weight. 这个胖男孩节制饮食以减轻过量的体重。
12. keep…off
不接近, 避开
e.g. Keep off the sauce! 别喝烈酒！
The notice said ' Keep off the grass'. 布告牌上写著“勿踏草地”.
He drew the curtain to keep the sun off. 他拉上窗帘遮住阳光。
III. Keys
A篇练习的参考答案
I. Reading Comprehension
1. b 2. a 3. a 4. d 5. a
II. Vocabulary & Structure
Section A. Filling the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.
1．resources(石油是国家最重要的自然资源。)
2．connection(你能告诉我这两个概念之间的联系吗?)
3．beneficial(新鲜空气和良好的食物对健康有益。)
4．equipment(他给老板买了许多现代办公设备。)
5．emphasized(他今天早晨强调了采取强硬措施的必要性。)
6．factors(总有一天人类能够控制影响天气的因素。)
7．enabled(是他的勇气使他赢得了胜利。)
8．stress(他因妻子总是指责他而感到有压力。)
9．disadvantage(每一个优点也包含着缺点。)
10．sufficient (这件事很重要，要提交给系主任。)
Section B. Substitution
1. Did the noise
2. Smoking is a to people’s health.
3. Some school lays a
4. What’s the
5. I said it
1．frighten 2. murderer 3. stress 4. link 5. only
Section C .
Directions: Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
1. D 2. C 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D 8. B 9. B 10.A
Section D Cloze
1.C 2.D 3.A 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. C 8.A 9. D 10.C
III. Translation
Section A. Translate the following into English
1．China has been developing at a high speed in the past twenty years.
2．There is no doubt that people pay more and more attention to health.
3．Children are often encouraged to imagine rather than imitate.
4．As a result of sufficient preparation, the heart surgery was performed successfully.
5．The students have benefited a lot from his lectures
Section B. Translate the following into Chinese
1．越来越多的人认识到预防心脏病比治疗心脏病更重要。
2．强调治疗显然与近十多年来的高科技发展有联系。
3．最近的研究成果表明，压力、抽烟、缺乏锻炼是导致心脏病的主要原因。
4．据联邦政府报道，心脏手术的成功率不高。
5．谁应对这次行动负责任？
B篇练习的参考答案
I. Reading Comprehension
1．False(根据课文中Almost everyone considers going on a diet sometime in his or her life. All, regardless of sex and age…，两句可知它是错的。)
2．True
3．True
4．True
5．False (根据课文中such artificial sweeteners actually increase one's appetite and lead to one's eating even more than usual.一句判断它是错的。)
II. Vocabulary & Structure
Section A . Fill in the following blanks with the words or expressions given below. Change the form where
necessary.
1. balance 2. appetite 3. harmful 4.vitamin 5. metabolism
6. common 7. result in 8. essential to 9. excess 10. recommend
Section B. Substitution
1. The care’s shiny appearance me into thinking it was never than it really was.
2. That building has been
3. The storm did a lot of 4. Mr. Foster has never been to China. he knows very little about it.
5. His political ideas are rather .
Section C: Choice
1. A 2.B 3. B 4. C 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.B
语法部分的练习参考答案
I．Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1．…which was what… 2. …men as… 3. …most of whom… 4. …during which time…
5. …turn for advice… 6. …the one on which… 7. …hill where they…
8. The reason why… will be told… 9. Anybody who… 10….whose son was…
II. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C
6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．D
同步单元测试的参考答案
I. Use of English 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.C
II. Reading comprehension
Passage 1 1-5 CDDBB
Passage 2 6-10 ADBCC
III. Vocabulary and Structure
1.D 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. D
6.C 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. D
11. D 12. D 13. B 14.B 15. C
IV. Cloze
1. B 2.C 3. A 4. D 5. A
6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B
V. Translation
1. 他非常愤怒，竟至说不出话来。
2. 电视不仅吸引阅读的人，而且也吸引了不会阅读的人。
3. 毫无疑问我们会成功的。
4. 他上周给我们讲的那节课，十分枯燥。
5. 你描述的这种人现在已经寥寥无几了。
VI. Writing
IV Translation of the Texts
Text A 参考译文
心脏病：治疗还是预防
心脏病是西方世界最大的杀手之一。在过去的30年里，心脏病患者的死亡率一直在以惊人的速度增加。西方的卫生保健系统正在把大量的钱用于手术治疗心脏病上。
很明显，这种治疗法和过去10～15年间技术的发展是紧密相关的。在这段时间里，现代技术使得医生能够开发新的外科技术及治疗过程。
毫无疑问，许多人得益于这种手术治疗的办法。然而卫生保健系统的专家们却指出，重点以手术治疗心脏病有以下三个明显的弱点。首先，它使人们忽略了预防，而把兴趣和财力集中在治疗上。第二，它引起了医疗费用的上涨。在购置了为进行现代手术治疗所需的昂贵的医疗设备后，医院不得不想法补偿已花掉的钱。为此，他们提高了病人的治疗费用，而这些病人并不仅仅是那些需要这种仪器进行治疗的人。第三是鼓励医生对病人施行手术——甚至是那些根本不需要手术的病人。例如，有一种类型的心脏外科手术，仅有15名病人能从中得益。
在过去一段时间里，医学研究者们开始重视到一个事实，即心脏病与压力、吸烟和缺乏锻炼有关，我们可以通过对这些因素加以注意，而减少患心脏病的危险。
愈来愈多的人认识到心脏病和他们的生活方式有关系，这种新意识使人们逐渐认识到仅仅对疾病与伤痛进行最好的治疗还不够。他们学会了必须对自己的健康负责。今天许多人正在逐步改变他们的饮食习惯，开始食用低脂肪和胆固醇含量低的食物。还有许多人更加注意减少他们生活中的压力。愈来愈多的人意识到按时锻炼的好处，例如像散步，跑步和游泳等运动。现在，由于在态度和行为方面的转变而带来的有益的影响正开始在显露：心脏病的死亡率已经下降。
Text B参考译文
健康的节食
几乎每个人在他或她一生的某个时刻都会考虑节食。不分性别和年龄，所有人的共同心愿是——减肥而且是快速减肥。
虽然他们的这个共同目标看起来基本上是好的，但他们也许并没有认识到误导的节食对身体健康害多益少。太严格的节食会打破人体内部的化学平衡。其原因是当供给身体所需食物的量突然大大低于平时所给的量时，人的身体就会感
到好像受到了袭击，由此身体会尽最大的力量通过节约能量来保护自己。这个保护过程是通过减缓新陈代谢(的速度)来进行的，而新陈代谢也就是把我们所吃的食物转变成能量的过程。当供给身体的能量愈来愈少时，节食者的身体就会逐渐虚弱，以至无法做任何事情。他们很快就会对自己周围所发生的一切都不感兴趣，并且他们的抗病力也已开始下降，很容易受到接二连三的疾病侵扰。
大多数节食的人都知道，米饭、面包、土豆、点心、甜食，水果和一些蔬菜等食物中包含着碳水化合物，此种物质可使人发胖。然而，他们没有认识到的是，碳水化合物是我们身体所需能量的主要源泉，并且这些食物中还包含着物质构成的必要成分，这些物质是我们身体健康所必需的。其结果便是他们尽量不吃这些食物，而使他们的身体更加虚弱，健康更加恶化，他们也许开始出现失眠，脾气暴躁，多变。更严重的是，他们开始出现神经错乱的迹象。
非常奇怪的是，大多数严格的节食者都推荐一种人造的甜味品来代替糖和其它的天然甜味品。事实上，这样的人造甜味品只会增加人的食欲，使人吃得比平时更多。
由于误导节食而产生了许多问题，这一事实并不意味着不节食就是安全的，或所有的节食都对健康有害。适当的节食不仅能帮助人减去多余的脂肪，而且还能使人保持体型，使生活更积极、更愉快，更健康。