普通培训类小作文（书信篇）
1. You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. You should write at least 150 words.
You are an international student who has rented an apartment on campus. Recently, you accidentally damaged something in one of the rooms. Write to the school authorities, explaining how the damage was caused, offering some solution and apologizing for the inconvenience.
Dear Accommodation Officer,
I am a Chinese in my freshman year and live in one of the student apartments on campus. My greatest impression of the university is the beautiful campus environment and various modern facilities. It provides to all students, such as universally installed computer, television, microwave and pay phone in every apartment.
Yesterday, however, while I was using the microwave in my apartment kitchen, I made a careless mistake. Not familiar with the dos and don’ts of operating a microwave, I put some cold beef wrapped in aluminum foil into the oven, turned on the switch, and picked up the phone to have a casual conversation with my friend. No sooner had we finished our talk than the fire alarm went off and I saw a cloud of black smoke drifting into my bedroom. Realizing that something terrible had happened, I rushed into the kitchen and unplugged the smoking microwave. Later inspection of the machine showed that it had been completely damaged.
I feel deeply sorry for my stupidity and apologize sincerely for the temporary inconvenience caused by my carelessness. As I bear full responsibility for the whole accident, I promise to replace this damaged microwave, within three days, with a brand-new one with better qualities and more functions. And I swear that similar incidents will not happen again.
Yours faithfully,
Zhang Hua
Letter Analysis
? Main Body 1 介绍自己身份
我是一位来自中国的新生，住在学校的公寓里。
I am a Chinese in my freshman year and live in one of the student apartments on campus.
Main Body 1 赞美校园环境和优良设施
我印象最深刻的是这所大学给每位学生提供的优美环境和各种现代化设施。比如在每间公寓里都有统一安装的电脑、电视机、微波炉以及付费电话等。
My greatest impression of the university is the beautiful campus environment and various modern facilities. It provides to all students, such as universally installed computer, television, microwave and pay phone in every apartment.
? Main Body 2 叙述事件发生经过的“重要事实一”
昨天，在使用公寓厨房的微波炉时，我不小心犯了一个错误。
Yesterday, however, while I was using the microwave in my apartment kitchen, I made a careless mistake.
对微波炉的使用规则不太熟悉，我把包有铝箔的冷牛肉放入其中，启动开关，然后打电话与朋友聊天。 Not familiar with the dos and don’ts of operating a microwave, I put some cold beef wrapped in aluminum foil into 1
the oven, turned on the switch, and picked up the phone to have a casual conversation with my friend.
Main Body 2 叙述事件发生经过的“重要事实二”
我们刚刚结束交谈，我就听到火警响了，并发现一团黑烟弥漫到我的卧室。
No sooner had we finished our talk than the fire alarm went off and I saw a cloud of black smoke drifting into my bedroom.
我马上意识到发生了一件可怕的事，赶忙冲进厨房，拔掉了冒烟的微波炉插头。
Realizing that something terrible had happened, I rushed into the kitchen and unplugged the smoking microwave. Main Body 2 叙述事件发生经过的“重要事实三”
事后我对机器进行检查，发现微波炉已经报废了。
Later inspection of the machine showed that it had been completely damaged.
? Main Body 3 表达自己的愧疚和道歉
我对自己的愚蠢行为感到深深的愧疚，并为由于粗心大意而造成的不便真诚地道歉。
I feel deeply sorry for my stupidity and apologize sincerely for the temporary inconvenience caused by my carelessness.
Main Body 3 主动提出解决问题的办法
由于我应当承担整起事故的全部责任，我承诺在三天以内，用一台全新的、质量更好、功能更全的微波炉来替换这个坏的。
As I bear full responsibility for the whole accident, I promise to replace this damaged microwave, within three days, with a brand-new one with better qualities and more functions.
Main Body 3 进一步提出今后的承诺
并且，我保证今后不会发生类似的事情。
And I swear that similar incidents will not happen again.
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2. You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. You should write at least 150 words.
Last weekend, your watch was lost in an Englishspeaking friend’s home during your visit. Write a letter to your friend, thanking his/her kindness, describing how you lost it and asking for his/her help.
Dear Stephen,
I am grateful that you entertained us with delicious food as well as the exciting party in your house last Saturday. Indeed, we enjoyed a range of specialties prepared by your wife and melodious music carefully selected by yourself.
However, when I was on my way home, I suddenly realized that my watch was left in your house. In fact, I put it beside your computer while I was playing a video game with several friends. At that time, I was so engrossed in the game that I forgot to take my watch when we were finished.
Therefore, I am writing to express my great concern for the whereabouts of my watch, which was a special gift from my grandfather on my 20th birthday. Although the watch does not have a world-famous brand, it symbolises the deep affection of my grandfather. To be accurate, the watch is square-shaped with a golden chain. Since it works automatically, the watch must be ticking now.
I would appreciate it so much if you could take the trouble of finding that watch and I am sorry for any inconvenience that will be caused. Also, could you give me a ring as soon as you are able to locate that valuable and meaningful gift for me?
My best wishes,
Nicole Timberbank
Letter Analysis
? Main Body 1 感谢对方的盛情款待
我很感谢上周六你对我们的热情招待，在你家有美味的食物以及精彩的晚会。
I am grateful that you entertained us with delicious food as well as the exciting party in your house last Saturday. Main Body 1 再次称赞对方的盛情款待
我们品尝了你夫人的许多特色菜，以及你亲自挑选的美妙音乐。
Indeed, we enjoyed a range of specialties prepared by your wife and melodious music carefully selected by yourself.
? Main Body 2 叙述事件发生的经过一
但是，在回家的路上，我突然意识到自己的手表落在了你家。
However, when I was on my way home, I suddenly realized that my watch was left in your house.
Main Body 2 叙述事件发生的经过二
事实上，当我和几个朋友在玩电子游戏的时候，我把手表放在你的电脑旁边。
In fact, I put it beside your computer while I was playing a video game with several friends.
当时，我过于投入打游戏，以至于在结束后忘了拿回我的手表。
At that time, I was so engrossed in the game that I forgot to take my watch when we were finished.
? Main Body 3 道明写信的真实原因
3
因此，我写信是表达我对手表下落的极大担忧，这是我祖父在我20岁生日时送我的一份特殊礼物。
Therefore, I am writing to express my great concern for the whereabouts of my watch, which was a special gift from my grandfather on my 20th birthday.
Main Body 3 说明遗失物品的价值
尽管这快手表并不是什么世界名牌，但是它象征着我祖父的挚爱。
Although the watch does not have a world-famous brand, it symbolises the deep affection of my grandfather. Main Body 3 描述遗失物品的外观和特性
准确地说，这快手表是正方形的，并带有一根镀金链条。它是全自动的，所以现在正在嘀嘀哒哒地走着。 To be accurate, the watch is square-shaped with a golden chain. Since it works automatically, the watch must be ticking now.
? Main Body 4 请求对方的帮助并表示歉意
如果你那不厌其烦帮我找到这只手表，我将非常感激，并且我对由此造成的不便感到非常抱歉。
I would appreciate it so much if you could take the trouble of finding that watch and I am sorry for any inconvenience that will be caused.
另外，一旦你查明这个珍贵的、有意义的礼物的下落，可否给我打一个电话？
Also, could you give me a ring as soon as you are able to locate that valuable and meaningful gift for me?
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3. You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. You should write at least 150 words.
You borrowed a book from the library. However, the book is now seriously damaged. Write a letter to the librarian. Give details about the book and explain how you damaged the book. Also, say what you are going to do about the problem.
Dear Mrs. Kirk,
I am writing to apologize for the serious damage I made accidentally to a book which I borrowed from your library last week.
As a junior student majoring in history, I visited the college library last Friday and borrowed the “Encyclopedia of European History”, one of the books on the reading list prescribed by my professor this semester. The encyclopedia contains lengthy analysis of many important events and figures in European history as well as hundreds of beautifully crafted illustrations. However, because of its surprisingly bulky size, I could not manage to stuff it in my small schoolbag and had to hold the huge book on one hand while riding my rickety bike home with my free hand. Just one block away from my apartment, a small van rushed out from a side street and came directly in my direction! Despite the screech of brakes and its sudden swerve, the vehicle hit the head of my bicycle with a considerable force which threw me to the ground and sent the thick book sliding to a small pool of mud on the pavement. On recovering it, I found to my dismay that not only was the hard cover separated from the rest of the book, but also many pages and pictures were mud-stained beyond recognition.
I beg you to accept my most sincere apology for the irreparable damage caused by my indiscretion. Fortunately, in my efforts to search for it, I discovered that the book could be purchased from an online shopping website. Could I ask them to deliver a copy to the library and pay the price and the full cost of shipment as compensation?
Yours faithfully,
Frank Eisenhower
Letter Analysis
? Main Body 1 说明写信原因
我写信是为自己不小心对一本书造成的严重损坏进行道歉，该书是我上周从贵图书馆借的。。
I am writing to apologize for the serious damage I made accidentally to a book which I borrowed from your library last week.
? Main Body 2 叙述事件发生的经过一
作为历史系的三年级学生，我在上周五从校图书馆借了一本《欧洲历史百科全书》，该书是教授这学期布置的必读书籍之一。
As a junior student majoring in history, I visited the college library last Friday and borrowed the “Encyclopedia of European History”, one of the books on the reading list prescribed by my professor this semester.
Main Body 2 给出书籍的重要细节
这本百科全书含有对欧洲历史中许多重要事件和人物的详尽分析，以及数百张精美的插图。
The encyclopedia contains lengthy analysis of many important events and figures in European history as well as hundreds of beautifully crafted illustrations.
Main Body 2 叙述事件发生的经过二
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但由于这本书又厚又沉，我无法将它塞入我的小书包里，因此不得不一只手捧着书，而另一只手扶着我的老爷自行车往回骑。
However, because of its surprisingly bulky size, I could not manage to stuff it in my small schoolbag and had to hold the huge book on one hand while riding my rickety bike home with my free hand.
Main Body 2 叙述事件发生的经过三
在离我的公寓仅仅一街之遥，突然一辆小型货车从一条小巷中猛冲出来，并且直朝我这边驶过来！
Just one block away from my apartment, a small van rushed out from a side street and came directly in my direction!
尽管由于急刹车发出了尖利摩擦声，车辆急转弯，它还是以极大的冲力撞到我自行车的头部。我因此被甩到了地上，而那本厚书却滑向了路边人行道上的一个小泥潭。
Despite the screech of brakes and its sudden swerve, the vehicle hit the head of my bicycle with a considerable force which threw me to the ground and sent the thick book sliding to a small pool of mud on the pavement.
Main Body 2 给出书籍的受损情况
等找到这本书的时候，我非常沮丧地发现，不仅书的硬封面已经脱落，而且不少页面和图片也被烂泥污损得面目全非。
On recovering it, I found to my dismay that not only was the hard cover separated from the rest of the book, but also many pages and pictures were mud-stained beyond recognition.
? Main Body 3 表示歉意
我恳求你接受我的真诚道歉，实在是由于我的鲁莽造成了如此不可弥补的损失。
I beg you to accept my most sincere apology for the irreparable damage caused by my indiscretion.
Main Body 3 说明补救措施
幸好在我的努力搜寻中，我发现该书可以通过一家在线购物的网站来订购。
Fortunately, in my efforts to search for it, I discovered that the book could be purchased from an online shopping website.
我是否可以让他们寄一本书到图书馆，而我来承担所有的书价和邮费作为一种补偿呢？
Could I ask them to deliver a copy to the library and pay the price and the full cost of shipment as compensation?
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4. You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. You should write at least 150 words.
One of your friends is going to visit your city for a short period. Write a letter to him, telling him what time of the year is most suitable for sightseeing around the city. Also, describe some places that are worth visiting and explain how to find an inexpensive hotel.
Dear Jackie,
I am more than excited to know that you are going to pay a short visit to Shanghai --- both the greatest city in China and my hometown. And I am writing to tell you the most suitable season for touring Shanghai give you a list of important tourist attractions in the city and some useful information about accommodation.
First of all, it would be a great idea to visit Shanghai in early spring if you plan to enjoy the best season of the year. Indeed, there are a number of multicultural festivals welcoming tourists home and abroad during that period, so you will have many options to choose from to arrange an ideal timetable for your three-day sightseeing.
As to some must-see tourist attractions, Shanghai Grand Theatre is undoubtedly the first choice for you as you are keen on broadway musicals. Also, the Bund and Pudong New District are two related areas worth visiting because you can experience Old Shanghai traditions perfectly blended with modern architectural styles. Finally, there is a small town that used to be the center of Shanghai named Chenghuang Temple, where you can enjoy a variety of delicate oriental dim sum and picturesque river views.
Anyway, before you leave for Shanghai, I suggest you reserve your hotel room well in advance via the internet and try the booking website www. ctrip. com, which can offer tourists up to 70% discount.
As soon as you have finalized your travelling plan, please give me a call and allow me to pick you up at the Pudong International Airport.
Cheers,
Paul
Letter Analysis
? Main Body 1 确认已知信息
得知你要来上海作一次短期旅游，我很兴奋。上海既是中国最伟大的城市，也是我的家乡。
I am more than excited to know that you are going to pay a short visit to Shanghai --- both the greatest city in China and my hometown.
Main Body 1 说明写信原因
而我写信就是要告诉你来上海旅游的最佳季节，以及一些重要的名胜景点和关于住宿的有用信息。
And I am writing to tell you the most suitable season for touring Shanghai give you a list of important tourist attractions in the city and some useful information about accommodation.
? Main Body 2 介绍旅游最佳季节
首先，如果你打算欣赏一年之中的最佳季节，你应该在早春时节来上海游玩。
First of all, it would be a great idea to visit Shanghai in early spring if you plan to enjoy the best season of the year. 7
Main Body 2 说明“旅游最佳季节”的好处
那段时间，有许多跨文化的旅游节来欢迎海内外各路游客。因此你会有各种各样的选择来安排一个理想的“三日游”计划。
Indeed, there are a number of multicultural festivals welcoming tourists home and abroad during that period, so you will have many options to choose from to arrange an ideal timetable for your three-day sightseeing.
? Main Body 3 介绍旅游名胜一
至于一些必玩的旅游景点，因为你热衷于百老汇的音乐剧，上海大剧院无疑是你的第一选择。
As to some must-see tourist attractions, Shanghai Grand Theatre is undoubtedly the first choice for you as you are keen on broadway musicals.
Main Body 3介绍旅游名胜二
另外，外滩和浦东新区是两块相关的区域，而他们之所以值得参观是因为你可以体验到旧上海的传统与现代化建筑风格的完美结合。
Also, the Bund and Pudong New District are two related areas worth visiting because you can experience Old Shanghai traditions perfectly blended with modern architectural styles.
Main Body 3 介绍旅游名胜三
最后还有一个小镇，它是上海原来的市中心，叫做“城隍庙”。你可以边品尝各种各样精致的东方点心，边欣赏如画的河岸风景。
Finally, there is a small town that used to be the center of Shanghai named Chenghuang Temple, where you can enjoy a variety of delicate oriental dim sum and picturesque river views.
? Main Body 4 说明酒店订房事宜
在你出发来上海之前，我建议你尽量提早通过网络来预定酒店的房间。你可以尝试一个订房网站：www. ctrip. com，他们可以给游客最高三折的优惠。
Anyway, before you leave for Shanghai, I suggest you reserve your hotel room well in advance via the internet and try the booking website www. ctrip. com, which can offer tourists up to 70% discount.
? Main Body 5 安排接机事宜
一旦你最后确定了旅行计划，请给我打电话，并允许我去浦东国际机场接你
As soon as you have finalized your travelling plan, please give me a call and allow me to pick you up at the Pudong International Airport.
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普通培训类小作文（图表篇）
1. You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. You should write at least 150 words.
The bar chart and the table show the populations and average ages of people in three countries in 1950, 2000 and 2050.
Average Ages of People in Three Countries
Populations in Three Countries
16001400120010008006004002000
1950
2000
2050(foretell)
Million
Question Analysis
该图表要求描述三个国家在三个年份的人口及其平均年龄。由于其中既有柱状图，也有表格，主体段可以分为两段，分别描写人口和平均年龄。最后一个年份2050的数据是通过预测得出的 (foretell)，因此我们应该使用将来时态。而三个国家之中，中国的数据比较特殊，可以重点描写。
The bar chart shows the population changes in three countries between 1950 and 2050 and the table reveals the citizens’ average ages during the same period.
Among the three countries, it is obvious that China had the most dramatic increase in population. In 1950, there were only 200 million people in China; however, 50 years later, its population rose sharply to 1000 million, five times of the previous level. Moreover, it is projected that the population in China will reach an astonishing 1400 million in 2050. In contrast, population changes in the other two countries are far less drastic, with the United States climbing to almost 700 million in 2050 and Spain growing to 100 million in 2000 and returning to nearly 60 million in 2050, both according to demographic predictions.
In terms of the average ages of people, it is in China again that we witness a substantial growth. In 1950, Chinese people’s average age was only 65 years, the lowest among the three countries, while a century later that figure is expected to become the highest --- 83 years. In comparison, American citizen’s average age shows little variation: it stood at 73 years in 1950, increased to 75 years in 2000 and will decrease slightly to 74 years in 2050. Similar to the situation in China, Spanish people’s average age grew steadily from 70 to 72 years between 1950 and 2000 and is going to reach 77 years in 2050.
In conclusion, the general trend that people’s average ages in all three countries, especially China and Spain, are on the rise indicates that there will be an increasingly large proportion of senior citizens and a shrinking number of young people in their societies.
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Report Analysis
? Introduction 重述
柱状图显示了三个国家在1950到20xx年间的人口变化，而表格揭示了同期的公民平均年龄的变化。
The bar chart shows the population changes in three countries between 1950 and 2050 and the table reveals the citizens’ average ages during the same period.
? Main Body 1 对人口变化情况进行描述一
在三个国家之中，中国有着最明显的人口增长。
Among the three countries, it is obvious that China had the most dramatic increase in population.
Main Body 1 对人口变化情况进行描述二
19xx年，中国只有2亿人口，而50年后，中国人口激增到10亿，是过去的五倍。
In 1950, there were only 200 million people in China; however, 50 years later, its population rose sharply to 1000 million, five times of the previous level.
Main Body 1 对人口变化情况进行描述三
另外，根据预测，在20xx年，中国人口将达到令人瞠目结舌的14亿。
Moreover, it is projected that the population in China will reach an astonishing 1400 million in 2050.
Main Body 1 对人口变化情况进行描述四
相比之下，其他两个国家的人口变化就远非如此激烈。根据人口学的预测，美国人口在20xx年将攀升到7亿，而西班牙人口在20xx年增加到1亿，在20xx年将回落到大约6千万。
In contrast, population changes in the other two countries are far less drastic, with the United States climbing to almost 700 million in 2050 and Spain growing to 100 million in 2000 and returning to nearly 60 million in 2050, both according to demographic predictions.
? Main Body 2对人口的平均年龄进行描述一
在人们的平均年龄方面，我们再次见证了中国的巨大增长。
In terms of the average ages of people, it is in China again that we witness a substantial growth.
Main Body 2对人口的平均年龄进行描述二
19xx年，中国人平均年龄仅仅为65岁，是当时三个国家之中最低的。而一个世纪之后，该数字将跃居榜首，达到83岁。
In 1950, Chinese people’s average age was only 65 years, the lowest among the three countries, while a century later that figure is expected to become the highest --- 83 years.
Main Body 2对人口的平均年龄进行描述三
相比之下，美国公民的平均年龄并没有多少变化：19xx年时是73岁，20xx年时增加到75岁，而到了20xx年将略微下降到74岁。
In comparison, American citizen’s average age shows little variation: it stood at 73 years in 1950, increased to 75 years in 2000 and will decrease slightly to 74 years in 2050.
Main Body 2对人口的平均年龄进行描述四
与中国的情况相似，西班牙人口的平均年龄从19xx年的70岁稳步增长到20xx年的72岁，并将在20xx年达到77岁。
Similar to the situation in China, Spanish people’s average age grew steadily from 70 to 72 years between 1950 and 2000 and is going to reach 77 years in 2050.
? Conclusion: 揭示出总体规律及其意义
三个国家（特别是中国和西班牙）人口平均年龄呈现出上升趋势的总体规律表明了在他们的社会中将出现越 10
来越高比例的老年人，以及年轻人的数量将萎缩。
In conclusion, the general trend that people’s average ages in all three countries, especially China and Spain, are on the rise indicates that there will be an increasingly large proportion of senior citizens and a shrinking number of young people in their societies.
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2. You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. You should write at least 150 words.
The bar chart and the table show a survey of students in Australia about how they use computers and the different locations of computer using.
A Survey of 1600 Students in Australia about How They Use Computers
Locations of Students Using Computers
1400120010008006004002000
2001
2002
Question Analysis
该图表要求描述澳洲学生在2001和20xx年使用电脑的人数或比例，以及他们使用地点的变化情况。在主体段的两段中，由于表格比较简单，我们可以略写，只需突出从20xx年到20xx年的急剧增长。而在柱状图中，在家使用电脑的人数激增。相反，在校使用和没有电脑的学生数量减少。
The two graphs show the results of a survey which sampled 1600 Australian students about how they used computers at home and university in the years 2001 and 2002. Obviously, computer use had grown dramatically during the period surveyed.
In 2001, although online facilities were already quite popular with students (68% of the students used online services), only 17% of them had ever submitted their work online. However, both percentages rose sharply to 96% and 98% respectively in 2002.
Among those who used computers for their study, 50% of them (800 students) did so at home in 2001, and the percentage grew substantially to 75% (1200 students) in 2002. Meanwhile, the number of students who used computers at university showed a gradual decline from 480 in 2001 to approximately 300 in 2002, less than 20% of the total students. On the other hand, only a fractional number of students said they didn’t have a computer in 2002, which was quite a dramatic improvement as compared with the number in the previous year --- about 320 students.
In summary, we can see that more and more Australian students prefer to use online facilities and submit their course work via the internet. Moreover, locations of using computers by Australian students tend to be shifting from the university towards their homes.
Report Analysis
? Introduction 重述
这两张图显示了对1600位澳洲学生进行抽样调查的结果，内容是关于他们在2001和20xx年如何在家和在
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校使用电脑的情况。
The two graphs show the results of a survey which sampled 1600 Australian students about how they used computers at home and university in the years 2001 and 2002.
Introduction 指出明显的趋势
很显然，在调查期间学生使用电脑的普及程度极大地提高了。
Obviously, computer use had grown dramatically during the period surveyed.
? Main Body 1 对学生使用在线设施的情况进行描述一
在20xx年，虽然在学生中非常流行使用在线设施（有68%的学生使用在线服务），但是只有17%的人通过在线方式上交他们的作业。
In 2001, although online facilities were already quite popular with students (68% of the students used online services), only 17% of them had ever submitted their work online.
Main Body 1 对学生使用在线设施的情况进行描述二
然而，在20xx年，这两个比例都分别激增到96%和98%。
However, both percentages rose sharply to 96% and 98% respectively in 2002.
? Main Body 2对学生使用电脑的地点进行描述一
20xx年，在那些使用电脑进行学习的学生中，50%的学生（800人）是在家使用的，而该比例在20xx年激增到75%（1200人）。
Among those who used computers for their study, 50% of them (800 students) did so at home in 2001, and the percentage grew substantially to 75% (1200 students) in 2002.
Main Body 2对学生使用电脑的地点进行描述二
与此同时，在校使用电脑的学生人数呈现出逐渐下降的趋势，从20xx年的480人降为20xx年的大约300人——还不到学生总人数的20%。
Meanwhile, the number of students who used computers at university showed a gradual decline from 480 in 2001 to approximately 300 in 2002, less than 20% of the total students.
Main Body 2对学生使用电脑的地点进行描述三
另一方面，到了20xx年，只有极少数的学生没有电脑。而这一数字与上一年的320人相比，是一个巨大的进步。
On the other hand, only a fractional number of students said they didn’t have a computer in 2002, which was quite a dramatic improvement as compared with the number in the previous year --- about 320 students.
? Conclusion: 对主体段的描述进行概括一
总之，我们可以看出越来越多的澳洲学生偏爱使用在线设施，并通过英特网来交作业。
In summary, we can see that more and more Australian students prefer to use online facilities and submit their course work via the internet.
Conclusion: 对主体段的描述进行概括二
另外，澳洲学生使用电脑的场所倾向于从学校转到他们的家里。
Moreover, locations of using computers by Australian students tend to be shifting from the university towards their homes.
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3. You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. You should write at least 150 words.
The two pie charts show the sources of income for History Heritage Trust, a non-profit organization, in 1980 and 2000.
Question Analysis
该图表要求描述某非盈利组织（History Heritage Trust）在1980和20xx年的收入来源情况。在四种收入来源中，government grants和shop sales呈现出增长态势，而from individuals or other organizations以及tickets有下降的趋势。因此主体段可以分成两段，分别描写上升和下降的收入来源。
The two pie charts demonstrate the four different sources of income for a non-profit organization, History Heritage Trust, in the years 1980 and 2000. In general, whereas income from individuals or other organizations made up the largest portion in 1980, shop sales became the largest source of income in 2000.
It is noticeable that two sources of income were on the increase during the 20-year period. The percentage of government grants was only 12% in 1980; however, it doubled to 24% in 2000. The other source of income that showed considerable growth was shop sales, which represented just over a quarter of the total income (26%) in 1980 but jumped substantially to 42% in 2000.
On the other side of the scale, donations from individuals or other organizations dipped slightly by 8% in the corresponding period. Income from selling tickets, however, showed the most dramatic decline: it constituted almost a quarter of the total income (24%) in 1980 and shrank to a mere 4% 20 years later --- one sixth of the previous level.
In summary, government grants and shop sales have become the main sources of income, while individual donations and ticket sales are relative insignificant in terms of generating money for the non-profit organization.
Report Analysis
? Introduction 重述
这两张饼图显示了在1980和20xx年一个非盈利组织（History Heritage Trust）的四种收入来源情况。
The two pie charts demonstrate the four different sources of income for a non-profit organization, History Heritage 14
Trust, in the years 1980 and 2000.
Introduction 描述最突出的特点
总体而言，来自个人或其他组织的收入在19xx年占据最大的部分，而商店销售额在20xx年成为最主要的收入来源。
In general, whereas income from individuals or other organizations made up the largest portion in 1980, shop sales became the largest source of income in 2000.
? Main Body 1 对收入来源的上升进行描述一
值得注意的是，在这20年间，有两种收入来源呈现上升趋势。
It is noticeable that two sources of income were on the increase during the 20-year period.
Main Body 1 对收入来源的上升进行描述二
政府补贴在19xx年的比例只有12%，但是到了20xx年却翻倍到24%。
The percentage of government grants was only 12% in 1980; however, it doubled to 24% in 2000.
Main Body 1 对收入来源的上升进行描述三
另一个有较大增长态势的收入来源就是商店的营业额。在19xx年，它只是略高于总收入的四分之一（26%），而20xx年的商店营业额激增为42%。
The other source of income that showed considerable growth was shop sales, which represented just over a quarter of the total income (26%) in 1980 but jumped substantially to 42% in 2000.
? Main Body 2对收入来源的下降进行描述一
从另外一个方面来说，来自个人或其他组织的捐赠在同期出现了略微的下滑，减少了8%。
On the other side of the scale, donations from individuals or other organizations dipped slightly by 8% in the corresponding period.
Main Body 2对收入来源的下降进行描述二
然而，门票销售的收入呈现出最急剧的下降：在19xx年，它占了总收入的将近四分之一（24%），而在20年后却锐减为4%，只是过去的六分之一。
Income from selling tickets, however, showed the most dramatic decline: it constituted almost a quarter of the total income (24%) in 1980 and shrank to a mere 4% 20 years later --- one sixth of the previous level.
? Conclusion: 对四种收入来源进行分类总结
总之，政府补贴和商店营业额已经成为这个非盈利组织的主要收入来源，而个人捐助和门票销售在创收方面就显得微不足道了。
In summary, government grants and shop sales have become the main sources of income, while individual donations and ticket sales are relative insignificant in terms of generating money for the non-profit organization.
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4. You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. You should write at least 150 words.
The graph shows the rates of smoking in men and women in the UK from 1960 to 2000.
Smoking rates in the UK from 1960 to 2000
Rates of Smoking in the UK (per 1000people)700
600
500
400
300
200
100
019601970198019902000
Question Analysis
该图表要求描述英国从1960到20xx年男性和女性的吸烟比例。总的来看，男性吸烟比例在逐年下降，而女性却有上升的趋势。在主体段中，我们可以分别描写男性和女性的吸烟比例随着年代的变化。在结尾段，可以点出两性比例在慢慢接近的事实。
The line graph reveals the rates of smoking in males and females in the United Kingdom between the years 1960 and 2000. In general, it can be clearly seen that more and more women smoked during the period, and the reverse was true for men.
In 1960, 600 men in every 1000 were smoking. This number decreased steadily to about 500 in 1975 and continued to decline even more steeply to around 250 in 2000. In contrast, the rate of smoking in women in 1960 was very low at only 80 in every 1000. In 1970, this increased to nearly 170 and rose more sharply to 320 in 1975. The rate of female smokers then remained stable at approximately 320 until 1985, at which point the figure began to drop and fell to 200 in 2000.
In conclusion, we can see that although the rate of smoking in men kept decreasing during the 40-year period, it was always at a higher level than the female figure. Also, despite the great difference between their smoking rates when the period started, the figures for men and women were increasingly close towards the end.
Report Analysis
? Introduction 重述
该曲线图揭示了从1960到20xx年英国的男性和女性的吸烟比例。
The line graph reveals the rates of smoking in males and females in the United Kingdom between the years 1960 and 2000.
Introduction 指出总体趋势
总体而言，在这段时期内，女性吸烟比例增高，而男性的情况正好相反。
In general, it can be clearly seen that more and more women smoked during the period, and the reverse was true for men.
? Main Body 对男性吸烟情况进行描述一
在19xx年，1000位男性中有600人抽烟。
In 1960, 600 men in every 1000 were smoking.
Main Body 对男性吸烟情况进行描述二
该数字在19xx年逐步下降到500人，并继续更为急剧地降至20xx年的大约250人。
This number decreased steadily to about 500 in 1975 and continued to decline even more steeply to around 250 in 16
2000.
Main Body 对女性吸烟情况进行描述一
相比之下，女性在19xx年的吸烟比例非常低，每千人之中只有80位。
In contrast, the rate of smoking in women in 1960 was very low at only 80 in every 1000.
Main Body 对女性吸烟情况进行描述二
到了19xx年，该比例上升为大约170人，并在19xx年激增到320人。
In 1970, this increased to nearly 170 and rose more sharply to 320 in 1975.
Main Body 对女性吸烟情况进行描述三
随后的女性吸烟比例基本保持稳定，大约320人。到了19xx年，该数字开始下降，并在20xx年降至200人。
The rate of female smokers then remained stable at approximately 320 until 1985, at which point the figure began to drop and fell to 200 in 2000.
? Conclusion 总结两性吸烟情况的规律一
总之，我们可以看出，尽管男性吸烟比例在这40年间不断地下降，它还是高于女性达到数字。
In conclusion, we can see that although the rate of smoking in men kept decreasing during the 40-year period, it was always at a higher level than the female figure.
Conclusion 总结两性吸烟情况的规律二
此外，虽然在一开始两性的吸烟比例有着巨大的差别，但是到了这段时期的尾声，男性和女性的数字却越来越接近了。
Also, despite the great difference between their smoking rates when the period started, the figures for men and women were increasingly close towards the end.
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5. You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. You should write at least 150 words. The table shows the hours of leisure time per year in Canada.
Hours of leisure time per year in Canada
Question Analysis
该表格要求描述各个年龄层次的加拿大人花在业余活动上的时间。由于一共有六种活动，我们最好把他们进行分组描写，两个socializing放在一起，两个exercise放在一起，而watching TV/video和going to the cinema可以算作娱乐活动。另外，在每种活动中，应该找出一些最高和最低的数据，进行年龄之间的对比，并得出一定的规律。
The table describes how people in different age groups spend their leisure time in Canada over the course of a year. It can be clearly seen that the amount of leisure time available varies considerably across seven age groups.
According to the figures, as people age in Canada, their social lives generally reduce. Among all age groups, people in their thirties spend the largest amount of time socializing with 4 or less people --- 300 hours per year, while people over 60 years old spend 100 hours less. However, when it comes to socializing with 4 or more people, teenagers and 20-year-olds are the most active, spending 350 hours a year, compared with a mere 25 hours among people above the age of 50.
Group and individual exercise follow a similar pattern. Teenagers and people above 70 years old spend the same amount of time in individual exercise --- 150 hours per year, and this figure increases by 50 hours among people between 30 and 49 years old. In terms of group exercise, it is obvious that when people grow older the time spent in this activity decreases dramatically: teenagers are the most passionate participants while people above 60 show zero interest.
People of all ages spend a good part of their leisure time in entertainment such as watching TV/video and going to the cinema. In comparison with teenagers and old people, middle-aged people spend the smallest amount of time in entertainment, with 30-year-olds and 40-and-50-year-olds being the least enthusiastic in watching TV/video and going to the cinema, respectively.
In conclusion, we can see there is a significant trend towards solitary and smaller group activities as people become older.
Report Analysis
? Introduction 重述
该表格描绘了在一年中，不同年龄层次的加拿大人如何利用自己的业余时间。
The table describes how people in different age groups spend their leisure time in Canada over the course of a year.
18
Introduction 给出总体印象
我们可以清晰地看到，花在业余活动上的时间在七个年龄层次中变化极大。
It can be clearly seen that the amount of leisure time available varies considerably across seven age groups.
? Main Body 1 对社交活动进行描述一
根据表格数据，随着加拿大人的年龄增大，他们的社会生活出现总体萎缩现象。
According to the figures, as people age in Canada, their social lives generally reduce.
Main Body 1 对社交活动进行描述二
在所有年龄组中，30多岁的人花最多的时间用于和4人或4人以下进行社交活动——每年300小时，而60岁以上的人比他们少花100小时。
Among all age groups, people in their thirties spend the largest amount of time socializing with 4 or less people --- 300 hours per year, while people over 60 years old spend 100 hours less.
Main Body 1 对社交活动进行描述三
但在与4人或4人以上所进行的社交活动中，青少年以及20多岁的人是最为活跃的，每年花350小时。与之相比，50岁以上的人每年只花25小时。
However, when it comes to socializing with 4 or more people, teenagers and 20-year-olds are the most active, spending 350 hours a year, compared with a mere 25 hours among people above the age of 50.
? Main Body 2 对健身活动进行描述一
集体和个人的健身活动体现出相似的规律。
Group and individual exercise follow a similar pattern.
Main Body 2 对健身活动进行描述二
青少年和70岁以上的人用于个人健身的时间都是每年150小时，该数字在30到49岁的年龄层次中增加了50小时。
Teenagers and people above 70 years old spend the same amount of time in individual exercise --- 150 hours per year, and this figure increases by 50 hours among people between 30 and 49 years old.
Main Body 2 对健身活动进行描述三
在集体健身活动中，很明显的是，随着人们年龄的增长，他们所花的时间在急剧下降：青少年是最热情的参与者，而60岁以上的人对此毫无兴趣。
In terms of group exercise, it is obvious that when people grow older the time spent in this activity decreases dramatically: teenagers are the most passionate participants while people above 60 show zero interest.
? Main Body 3 对娱乐活动进行描述一
各年龄层次的人都花了较多时间用于娱乐活动上，比如看电视或录像以及看电影。
People of all ages spend a good part of their leisure time in entertainment such as watching TV/video and going to the cinema.
Main Body 3 对娱乐活动进行描述二
与青少年和老年人相比，中年人用于娱乐的时间最少，30多岁的人和40以及50多岁的人分别对看电视/录像以及看电影表示出最贫乏的热情。
In comparison with teenagers and old people, middle-aged people spend the smallest amount of time in entertainment, with 30-year-olds and 40-and-50-year-olds being the least enthusiastic in watching TV/video and going to the cinema, respectively.
? Conclusion 揭示潜在规律
总之，我们可以看到，随着老龄化的过程，人们有一种显著倾向于单独和小群体活动的趋势。
In conclusion, we can see there is a significant trend towards solitary and smaller group activities as people become 19
older. 20
6. You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. You should write at least 150 words.
The graphs show how river speed affects the pollution in the river.
Question Analysis
该流程图要求描写水流速度对河流污染所造成的影响。在图中，我们发现河流被分成两个部分：中央段和入海口，并且水流速度有快慢之分。因此我们看到在河床底部的不同区域，污染的形成也出现了各自的特点。而在入海口，我们必须同时考虑到海洋对河流及其污染物的作用。
The diagram shows the process in which the pollution in the river is affected by river speed.
In the middle of the river where water moves fast, pollutants from both industry and farming tend to float and be carried along by the rushing river water. Because of the fast speed at which these pollutants travel in the river, they cannot reach the bottom and become part of the silt on the riverbed.
At the mouth of the river, the river speed is slowed down by the sea water. Confronted by the sea, pollutants from industry and farming can no longer move forward. Due to the low speed at which they travel, these pollutants are forced to descend and deposit in the mud at the river bottom. Pollutants from industry are obviously heavier and therefore can be found at the far side from the sea. However, agricultural pollutants are light in their mass; they are carried further to the part of the river mouth where they are absorbed by sea grasses and become part of the food or nutrients for those plants.
To summarize, we may safely conclude that river speed has a great influence on how pollution is formed in different parts of the river.
Report Analysis
? Introduction 重述
该图表显示了河流污染受到水流速度影响的过程。
The diagram shows the process in which the pollution in the river is affected by river speed.
21
? Main Body 1 对河流中央段进行描述一
在水流速度较快的河流中段，来自工业和农业的污染物往往会浮在水面和河床之间，并被湍急的水流带着向前移动。
In the middle of the river where water moves fast, pollutants from both industry and farming tend to float and be carried along by the rushing river water.
Main Body 1 对河流中央段进行描述二
由于污染物在河流中行进的速度较快，它们无法到达河流底部成为河床上淤泥的一部分。
Because of the fast speed at which these pollutants travel in the river, they cannot reach the bottom and become part of the silt on the riverbed.
? Main Body 2 对河流入海口进行描述一
在入海口，河流速度由于海水的作用而减慢了。
At the mouth of the river, the river speed is slowed down by the sea water.
Main Body 2 对河流入海口进行描述二
由于遭到海水的堵截，工农业的污染物无法继续向前移动。因为行进的速度较慢，这些污染物被迫沉降并埋入河流底部的淤泥之中。
Confronted by the sea, pollutants from industry and farming can no longer move forward. Due to the low speed at which they travel, these pollutants are forced to descend and deposit in the mud at the river bottom.
Main Body 2 对河流入海口进行描述三
工业污染物明显较重，因此聚集在离海洋较远的入海口那边。
Pollutants from industry are obviously heavier and therefore can be found at the far side from the sea.
Main Body 2 对河流入海口进行描述四
但农业污染物在质量上比较轻；它们被运送到入海口的另一端，并被海草吸收而成为海洋植物的养料的一部分。
However, agricultural pollutants are light in their mass; they are carried further to the part of the river mouth where they are absorbed by sea grasses and become part of the food or nutrients for those plants.
? Conclusion 明确指出事物之间存在的关系
我们可以有把握地得出这样一个结论：河流速度确实对河流不同地段的污染的形成有着极大的影响。
To summarize, we may safely conclude that river speed has a great influence on how pollution is formed in different parts of the river.
22
普通培训类大作文（议论篇）
1. You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. You should write at least 250 words.
Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic:
In some countries, there are women taking the positions of police officers, while some people believe that women are not suitable to work in the police force. Do you agree or disagree? Write your reasons and give examples in your experience.
Working in the police force used to be a domain of the male because of its traditional association with crime, violence, and terror. However, in some countries women are filling up the positions of police officers with considerable success. In response to the claim that they are not suitable for a career like this, I strongly disagree, and my arguments can go as follows.
The first argument to back up my opinion is that females are not necessarily weaker in physical and mental terms than males. Contrary to conventional wisdom, through rigorous training and strict enforcement of military discipline, some women in the police and armed forces show greater physical endurance and mental stamina than their male counterparts. That is why we have often read newspaper articles about female officers being promoted to the position of chiefs, generals, and even commanders because of their remarkable feats.
Another strong reason for my view is that by taking the position of police officers, women can not only demonstrate their capabilities, which are often confined to ordinary household tasks, but also increase their employment rate in the modem society. Even after their retirement, some former police officers, both male and female, are hired by large companies because of their wide-ranging social experience. Mostly importantly, this social phenomenon helps to dispel the sexual discrimination against the fair sex and boost women’s social status.
In addition, in the field of crime scene investigation, female police officers may have a particular advantage over males. This is especially true when they are dealing with cases of sexual assaults, where victims are mostly young women or teenage girls who are terrified and feel humiliated to such an extent that they are reluctant or even unable to reveal any detailed information leading to the capture of the assailant. However, because they are of the same gender, female officers can often sympathize with those victims, approach their cases with proper delicacy and help them to recall their painful experience with considerable calmness and accuracy.
In conclusion, this positive trend in employment should be encouraged because it is a brave step toward greater equality between the sexes. With more and more vacancies in the police department filled by qualified female officers, women can hope to enter an increasingly large number of employment sectors and achieve comparable success in their careers.
Essay Analysis
▉ Introduction 指出“传统观念”
警局的工作曾经一度是男性的天下，因为在传统意义上，警局往往与犯罪、暴力以及恐怖联系在一起。
Working in the police force used to be a domain of the male because of its traditional association with crime, violence, and terror.
▉ Introduction 指出“反传统的现代潮流”
然而，在某些国家，女性正在从事警官的工作，并且取得了相当的成功。
However, in some countries women are filling up the positions of police officers with considerable success. ▉ Introduction 回应“错误观点”并表示“强烈反对”
有人声称女性不适合这种职业。我对这样的观点持强烈的反对态度，我的论证如下。
23
In response to the claim that they are not suitable for a career like this, I strongly disagree, and my arguments can go as follows.
▉ Main Body 1 提出“论点一”
第一点支持我观点的论据是，女性在生理和心理上并不一定比男性差。
The first argument to back up my opinion is that females are not necessarily weaker in physical and mental terms than males.
支持论据一：
与传统观念相反的是，通过严酷的训练和严格的军事纪律，有些在警局和军队的女性显示出比她们的男性同僚更惊人的体力和魄力。
Contrary to conventional wisdom, through rigorous training and strict enforcement of military discipline, some women in the police and armed forces show greater physical endurance and mental stamina than their male counterparts. 支持论据二：
因此，我们经常在报纸上读到关于女性官员的文章。由于卓越的功绩，她们被提升到首长、将军甚至司令的职位。 That is why we have often read newspaper articles about female officers being promoted to the position of chiefs, generals, and even commanders because of their remarkable feats.
▉ Main Body 2 提出“论点二”
另一个支持我观点的强大理由是，担任了警官的职务，女性不仅可以展现自己的才华——这些才华往往被禁锢在平凡的家务劳动之中——而且还能增加自己在现代社会中的就业率。
Another strong reason for my view is that by taking the position of police officers, women can not only demonstrate their capabilities, which are often confined to ordinary household tasks, but also increase their employment rate in the modem society.
支持论据三：
即使在退休之后，一些前任的警官，无论是男性还是女性，会受雇于大公司，因为他们有着广泛的社会经验。 Even after their retirement, some former police officers, both male and female, are hired by large companies because of their wide-ranging social experience.
▉ Main Body 3 提出“论点三”
最重要的是，这种社会现象有助于消除对女性的性别歧视，并提升她们的社会地位。
Mostly importantly, this social phenomenon helps to dispel the sexual discrimination against the fair sex and boost women’s social status.
▉ Main Body 4 提出“论点四”
另外，在犯罪现场调查的领域，女性警官与男性相比，可能具有一种独特的优势。
In addition, in the field of crime scene investigation, female police officers may have a particular advantage over males. 支持论据四：
这种优势在处理性侵犯的案件中尤其明显。受害者绝大多数是年轻女性或者女孩子，她们受到极大的惊吓，并感到极大的羞辱，因此不愿意或甚至无法透露任何可以抓获罪犯的细节。
This is especially true when they are dealing with cases of sexual assaults, where victims are mostly young women or teenage girls who are terrified and feel humiliated to such an extent that they are reluctant or even unable to reveal any detailed information leading to the capture of the assailant.
支持论据五：
但是由于她们性别一致的缘故，女性警官往往能对那些受害者表示同情，以谨慎的态度来处理她们的案件，并帮助受害者冷静地、准确地回忆她们痛苦的经历。
However, because they are of the same gender, female officers can often sympathize with those victims, approach their cases with proper delicacy and help them to recall their painful experience with considerable calmness and accuracy. ▉ Conclusion 对自己的观点进行“主题升华”
总之，这种职业方面的积极趋势应该大加鼓励，因为它使我们向两性平等的目标迈出了勇敢的一步。
In conclusion, this positive trend in employment should be encouraged because it is a brave step toward greater equality 24
between the sexes.
▉ Conclusion 提出“未来的趋势”
随着越来越多的警局职位为女警官所占拒，女性有望进入更多的职业领域，并在事业上获得同样的成功。
With more and more vacancies in the police department filled by qualified female officers, women can hope to enter an increasingly large number of employment sectors and achieve comparable success in their careers.
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2. You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. You should write at least 250 words.
Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic:
Nowadays, many children have their part-time jobs. Some people say that doing part-time jobs is useful, but others argue that children should enjoy their childhood. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
In recent years, many schoolchildren have decided to take up a part-time job outside the campus. While some people think that this may provide some useful experience for them, others believe that a part-time job will prevent young kids from enjoying their childhood. In my opinion, both arguments contain certain elements of truth, which will be discussed in the following paragraphs.
On one hand, there are various benefits for children to have part-time jobs. For one thing, by working in restaurants, hotels and other public places, these minors can get in touch with people from all walks of life. Having to communicate with many of their customers and understand their needs, they can develop and improve their interpersonal skills. For another, temporary jobs at factories and companies enable them to apply what they have learned in classroom into the problem-solving practice. Also, the extra money they earn through working part-time can help cover their increasingly expensive tuitions and relieve the financial burden on their parents.
On the other hand, there also exist some potential risks, the most serious one being that they are deprived of many hours of precious time in their childhood when they should enjoy themselves. In many cases, tom between finishing a heavy load of homework and fulfilling the duties of their part-time jobs, those adolescents can hardly find any time taking part in recreational and sporting activities. In the long run, it will produce various negative effects on their physical and mental development. What is worse, entering the society for the first time and being ignorant of many hidden traps, they are easily led astray by bad company and even become the unknowing accomplice to criminals.
In conclusion, although young children may benefit from taking a part-time job, the disadvantages associated with it outweigh the advantages. It is suggested that they remain in schools and concentrate their efforts on studies until they are mature enough to go into the society.
Essay Analysis
▉ Introduction 进行“重述”
近年来，许多学校的青少年在校园外面做一份兼职的工作。有人认为这会给他们一些有用的经验，而其他人认为兼职工作会妨碍孩子们享受他们的童年。
In recent years, many schoolchildren have decided to take up a part-time job outside the campus. While some people think that this may provide some useful experience for them, others believe that a part-time job will prevent young kids from enjoying their childhood.
▉ Introduction 采取“中立立场”并“引出下文”
按我来看，双方的观点都有一些道理，我将在下文进行探讨。
In my opinion, both arguments contain certain elements of truth, which will be discussed in the following paragraphs. ▉ Main Body 1 提出“论点一”
一方面，孩子从事兼职的工作，有着各种各样的好处。
On one hand, there are various benefits for children to have part-time jobs.
支持论据一：
例如，在餐馆、酒店和其他公共场所工作，孩子们会接触到社会各种人。
For one thing, by working in restaurants, hotels and other public places, these minors can get in touch with people from all walks of life.
支持论据二：
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他们必须与许多顾客进行交流，并了解顾客的需求，这样就能培养和提高他们与人交流和沟通的技能。
Having to communicate with many of their customers and understand their needs, they can develop and improve their interpersonal skills.
支持论据三：
再例如，在工厂和公司从事一些临时的工作可以让他们把课堂中所学到的东西应用于解决问题的实践之中。 For another, temporary jobs at factories and companies enable them to apply what they have learned in classroom into the problem-solving practice.
支持论据四：
另外，他们通过兼职打工所挣取的钱还可以来帮助支付越来越昂贵的学费，并因此减轻父母身上的经济负担。 Also, the extra money they earn through working part-time can help cover their increasingly expensive tuitions and relieve the financial burden on their parents.
▉ Main Body 2 提出“论点二”并给出“支持论据五”
另一方面，青少年打工也存在一些隐患，而其中最严重的就是，他们应该是玩耍的大量宝贵的童年时光却被剥夺了。
On the other hand, there also exist some potential risks, the most serious one being that they are deprived of many hours of precious time in their childhood when they should enjoy themselves.
支持论据六：
在许多情况下，那些青少年不得不在繁重的家庭作业和履行兼职工作的之间两头奔忙，他们几乎没有任何时间去参加一些休闲和体育活动。
In many cases, tom between finishing a heavy load of homework and fulfilling the duties of their part-time jobs, those adolescents can hardly find any time taking part in recreational and sporting activities.
支持论据七：
长此以往，这将会对他们生理和心理的发展产生各种负面的影响。
In the long run, it will produce various negative effects on their physical and mental development.
支持论据八：
更糟糕的是，青少年们初次踏入社会，并对其中许多暗藏的陷阱一无所知，因此他们很容易被坏人引向歧途，并甚至在不知情的情况下成为犯罪分子的同谋。
What is worse, entering the society for the first time and being ignorant of many hidden traps, they are easily led astray by bad company and even become the unknowing accomplice to criminals.
▉ Conclusion 以“让步法”提出自己的“中心论点”
总之，尽管孩子们可以从兼职工作中获益，但是由此带来的弊端要超出其好处。
In conclusion, although young children may benefit from taking a part-time job, the disadvantages associated with it outweigh the advantages.
▉ Conclusion 提出“适当的建议”
我建议，孩子们仍然应该在学校里，把主要的精力用于学习上，直到他们已经完全成熟了，才可以进入社会。 It is suggested that they remain in schools and concentrate their efforts on studies until they are mature enough to go into the society.
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