中外期刊文科论文英语摘要调查研究

摘要

论文摘要是学术论文的一个重要组成部分。为促进国际学术交流，方便资料查询，目前国内权威刊物大多要求论文附有相应的英语摘要，国际一流刊物对英语摘要的要求更高。然而目前国际和国内对文科论文英语摘要的研究尚属一大空白，国内期刊上的英语摘要似乎质量不够令人满意。针对这些状况，本文对中外学术期刊文科论文的英语摘要进行了调查，试图首次用实际数据来探究在论文英语运用方面，中国的英语工作者和英语本族语使用者是否存在差异；如果存在差异，这些差异是否可接受，该如何进行地道的英语写作。

调查采用了各案研究和对比研究相结合的方法，从文化偏好、句法、语意和语法四个方面进行了分析。调查材料包含１６９份选自中国权威期刊的英文摘要以及１１５份选自英语国家权威期刊的摘要。调查数据显示，中国的英语工作者和英语本族语使用者在运用英语进论文摘要写作或翻译时存在差别。这些差别正是中国的英语工作者不能准确、恰当写出地道英语论文摘要的关键所在。这些问题主要有四个方面。在文化偏好方面，较之于英语本族语使用者，中国的英语工作者更喜欢使用谦辞，使用should一词的频率更高，使用被动语态的频率较低，而摘要的篇幅较小。在句法方面，虽然中国的英语工作者所用的简单句平均长度与英语本族语使用者的简单句平均长度相似，但前者使用简单句的频率更高，同时出现在其并列句、主从句中的错误率更高，最普遍的三类句法错误包括断句不当、独立句粘连、连词缺失。在语意表达方面，中国英语工作者出现的问题是上义词和下义词选择不符合英语国家习惯、选词或行文逻辑错误、误译或表意不明。在语法方面，常见的错误包括介词、冠词、词素、标点等使用不当。

调查数据指出中国英语工作者普遍存在的这四类问题后，本文从中英文语言特点、中外社会氛围、思维方式、英文水平以及工作者责任心的角度深入分析了这些差异产生的原因。例如在文化方面，中国偏好直觉和迂回思维，而西方偏好理性和线性思维，这就造成在适用形容词、副词、上义词方面的区别，同时，迂回思维对中国人偏好简单句具有一定影响，而线性思维解释了英语本族语使用者组织并列句、主从句的便利。此外，本文还从其它三个方面对所发现的差异逐一进行了分析。

最后，本文就如何遵循英语习惯、如何避免不地道英语提供了具体建议。

关键词：论文摘要；差异；文化；句法；语意；语法

A Study in English Abstracts for Academic Papers of

Liberal Arts in Chinese and English Journals

Abstract:

An abstract serves as a component part of an article. Renowned academic journals regard abstracts as essential to information retrieval and exchange. Yet it seems that there are problems in abstracts written by Chinese English users. An investigation is thus made so as to find out 1) : whether there are differences in the English used in abstract writing between native English speakers and Chinese English users; 2) what are these differences, if any; and 3) what is the way of writing idiomatic English abstracts.

With case study as well as comparative study applied to 115 abstracts from English journals and 169 abstracts from Chinese journals, differences in the English are found in the cultural preference, syntactic pattern, semantic choices and grammar means. In the cultural preference perspective, self-belittlement descriptions and the collocation “we should” are not adopted in English journals but are used in Chinese journals; adjectives and adverbs are much preferred in Chinese journals; and abstracts in English journals are generally longer than those in Chinese journals. Syntactically speaking, simple sentences are not so often used in English journals as in Chinese journals, and errors in coordinating conjunctions are found in Chinese journals only. Semantically, general words regarded as superordinate are more likely to be adopted in Chinese journals compared with English journals, and illogical statements are found in Chinese journals only. In terms of grammar, mistakes in prepositions, articles, affixes and punctuations are widespread and persistent in Chinese journals but occur very infrequently in English journals. Differences in the four dimensions may be the manifestations of cultural difference between China and English-speaking countries and the disparity in English proficiency between foreign language users and natives as well. Cultural factors that influence English use include mode of thinking, social atmosphere, and language convention. Comparatively speaking, the Chinese mode of thinking is typically intuitive and cyclical, while the mode of thinking in English-speaking countries is rational and linear. Intuitiveness allows the frequent adoption of adjectives, adverbs and generalities; in contrast, rationalism requires specifics and evidence for descriptive words. The cyclical mode of thinking generates the prevalence of simple sentence, and the linear mode of thinking is conducive to organizing compound, complex and compound-complex sentences. When a suggestion or idea is put forward, the collocation “we should” is less acceptable in the social atmosphere where individualism is predominant than in the social atmosphere where collectivism is the mainstream. The use of self-belittlement descriptions to show modesty and the aversion to the passive voice are against the English language convention in academic writing. Apart from the cultural differences, non-proficiency in English also prevents Chinese users from presenting idiomatic English versions, as evidenced by the overuse of simple sentences, mistranslation, and grammatical errors.

Based on the problems and causes for unidiomatic English, the paper finally proposed relevant suggestions on how to follow the idiomatic use of English in respectable English journals and thus avoid unacceptable English.

Keywords: abstract, difference, culture, syntax, semantics, grammar.

第二篇：英文摘要模板

以20xx年标答为例

1：总结大背景段，交代本章的context。一般文章前一两段。

2：文章主体顺着来，干掉些陪衬段落。如下文的四、五、八、九、十二、十三段。 3：总结全文结论。要是最后一段是结论段就总结一下最后一段。没有要整体总结一下全文。

Science and Humanity

The twentieth century has made greater change to the world, which was brought by the progress in science, than any previous century.Unfortunately, not all these changes did good to the human society.Some of them have done serious damage to mankind and have been even predicted to destroy the whole world someday if out of control.In fact, mankind is not biologically programmed for violent behaviors like war.People are faced with a dilemma in which we would like to see science develop freely, but cannot afford the result of that.It is a basic instinct that man tends to protect oneself by fighting with others.The progress in the nautral sciences is much faster than that in social sciences because laws in natural sciences are immutable and apply everywhere and are not affected by human reactions and emotions. For even developmemt and for a better future of mankind, imposition of ethical codes is necessary. Everyone should be responsible for his behavior, especially the scientists. (166 words)