写作指导 (2)
提纲作文
提纲作文是近几年高考英语书面表达的热点题型。命题者通常把提纲作文与其他常用文体形式(如书信、报道、通知、日记等)有机结合在一起进行考查，使该类书面表达试题综合性越来越强。
1．提纲作文的特点
提纲作文就是把文章的情景和内容要求分成块，以条目的形式列出，请考生据此进行写作。这实际上是对考生思路和文章写作范围所作的明确限定。因此，提纲中所列举的要点要全部涉及到，一个也不能遗漏。
2．思维空间灵活、开放
为了提高文章档次，考生应在保证内容要点齐全的同时进行合理而又紧扣主题的发挥。因此，该类型的书面表达具有一定的灵活性，能较好地体现考生的英语思维能力。
3．提纲作文的写作步骤一般分为：审题，明确文体形式；构思，根据提纲全面构思文章内容，根据内容构思词语和句型结构；写作完稿，根据构思的词语和句
型结构，按照合理的顺序和语言要求，连句成文。注意句子间的正确联系，注意词语的丰富和句型的多样。
某省已经连续两年取消了高考英语听力测试，为此社会各界褒贬不一。假如你叫李明，请根据下面的提示给某报英语专栏写一封信，就考英语听力测试的必要性谈谈你自己的看法。
要点：1.听、说、读、写中，听是基础。
2．没有听力，英语考试是不全面的。
3．听是获取信息的重要途径。
注意：1.短文中应包括上述三个要点，并适当增加你自己的意见；
2．开头部分和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数；
3．词数：120～150。
Dear Editor，
With the development of economy，it’s more and more important to have a good command of English.
___________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
案例分析
……………………………………………….
⊙
第一步：审题。分析题目和提纲可知，这封书信的体裁应该是议论文。论点是“高考英语听力测试的必要性”，论据包括要点所提供的三点。因文章需要发表自己的意见，故使用第一人称。 第二步：构思。文章应该按照“总——分——总”的结构分为三段。
第一段提出问题(论点)：It is quite necessary that listening test should be added to the College Entrance Examination.
第二段分析问题(用论据论证)：
(1)Listening is very important.Listening，speaking，reading and writing are the four basic parts of learning a foreign language.
(2)The English examination itself wouldn’t be complete and perfect if there weren’t listening test.
(3)In communication with foreigners，if we can’t understand what they say，how can we express ourselves freely?
第三段解决问题(给出结论)：So we must take advantage of every chance to practise listening to develop our English to meet the needs of our society.
第三步：完稿。根据要点，按照逻辑顺序重新组织材料，力求拼写正确，行文连贯，链接自然，语言规范，词语丰富，句型多样，语法结构准确无误，表达简明扼要，慎用长难句。
Dear Editor，
With the development of economy，it’s more and more important to have a good command of English.I think it is quite necessary that listening test should be added to the College Entrance Examination.
As we know，in the study of English，listening is very important.Listening，speaking，reading and writing are the four basic parts of learning a foreign language.Without listening，we
can’t get along well with the others.Furthermore，the English examination itself wouldn’t be complete and perfect if there weren’t listening test in it.It also can’t reflect the overall ability of the students in learning a
foreign language.What’s more，in communication with foreigners，if we can’t understand what they say，how can we express ourselves freely?
So we must take advantage of every chance to practise listening to develop our English to meet the needs of our society.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
你的英国朋友正在做一个课题：世界各地的生日庆祝方式。他请你介绍中国学生过生日的方式。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文：
一、通常方式
1．生日聚会
2．生日礼物
3．生日祝福
二、我认为更有意义的庆祝方式和理由
词数：120～150
【参考答案】
Chinese students celebrate their birthdays in different ways，but the most common way is to hold a birthday party，at which friends get together to have fun drinking，singing and dancing.On the birthday，one usually receives nice gifts and good wishes from friends and parents.Sometimes，parents will prepare a special dinner or a cake to show their love for their children.
Since birthday celebration is one of the important activities in one’s life，it can be done in more meaningful ways.For example，we can buy some flowers or cook a delicious meal for our mothers on that day.In this way，we express thanks to our parents in return for their love.
第二篇：高考英语作文满分技巧-看图作文
写作指导 (3)
看图作文
看图作文也叫做图画式作文，是一种常见的高考题型。它是指根据图画所提供的信息写一篇短文，或叙述一件事，或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出某个结论。一般性图画式作文都包含六个要点：时间、地点、人物、事件、过程、结果。这些要点往往是缺一不可的，否则整篇文章就不完整。
看图作文要求考生将画面所包含的有效信息直接运用英语思维转换成英语语言文字，再根据这些要点谋篇布局。
一、看图作文的考查特点
1．命制思路特点
看图作文的主要考查特点是生动、形象、直观、图文并茂。它要求行文时做到：主题明确，即文章能概括图画所反映的中心思想；图文一致，即文章能体现图画中所反映的主要内容。
2．能力表现特点
看图作文要求考生具有敏锐的观察力，丰富的想像力、严谨的逻辑思维能力、冷静的分析能力，以及最终将以上能力综合体现出来的良好的书面表达能力。
3．语言表达特点
表达准确，过渡自然。看图作文行文时要注意词汇与句型的精心选择，准确表达。表达过程中要注意图画信息的连接方式，尤其要注意句与句，段与段之间的意思连贯。为此，考生应学会灵活使用连接词、指示代词等，适当地根据自己的需要和文章的进展调整信息出现的顺序。
二、看图作文的写作步骤
1．仔细审题，确定要点
2．紧扣要点，组句成篇
3．表达准确，过渡自然
4．规范书写，检查润色
美国中学生Jeff将要到你所在的红星中学学习中文，经协商安排住在你家。假设你是李华，请给
Jeff写一封信，按照下图顺序介绍他来中国后的生活安排。
注意：1.信的开头和结尾已为你写好；
2．词数不少于60。
Dear Jeff，
My name is Li Hua.I’m from Beijing Hongxing Middle School.I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing.
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
案例分析⊙
1．认真审题，确定人称和时态
通过阅读题目，我们可以确定：此文的体裁是说明文，须用第一人称，时态主要用一般现在时，同时，也可适当使用一般将来时。
2．挖掘材料，列出要点和提纲
要认真观察每幅图片，同时还要注意参考词汇、图中所给的文字提示，准确而全面地理解图片大意。通过观察图片，我们可以知道这是一篇介绍“红星中学学习生活以及Jeff寄宿房间的布局”的说明文。此题可以归纳出以下四个要点：(1)寄宿你家以及房间的布局；(2)从你家到红星中学的距离以及上学的方式；(3)学生食堂；(4)课后娱乐活动。
根据要点，拟出以下提纲：
①provide you with a room
②a room with a bed，a desk，a couple of chairs and a TV；have your own bathroom
③the school is close to our home；go to school
together by bike
④have lunch at the school dining hall；talk with friends over lunch
⑤finish classes at 4 in the afternoon
⑥join other students in playing ball games or swimming
3．选用句式，连词成句巧成文
根据文章体裁的不同适当补充时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、结果等细节扩展句式；恰当地使用一些具有承上启下作用的过渡性词汇或过渡句；适当调整句子顺序，使文章语言简练、连贯、流畅。
(1)We will provide you with a room of your own with a bed，a desk，a couple of chairs and a TV.
(2)Our school is quite close to our home.We could go to school together by bike.
(3)We will have lunch at the school dining hall.
(4)You will like the delicious Chinese food and enjoy talking with friends over lunch.
(5)Classes in our school usually finish at 4 in the afternoon.
(6)You can then join other students in playing ball
games or swimming.
(7)We’ll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.
4．认真核查，注意语言的连贯和得体
要做到“四查”：
(1)查句式。看句子成分是否完整、语序是否正确等。
(2)查动词。看谓语动词的时态、语态是否正确，主谓是否一致，非谓语动词形式是否正确等。
(3)查习语、搭配。看是否符合英语表达习惯。
(4)查拼写、词数。看拼写是否有误、词数是否合适。
Dear Jeff，
My name is Li Hua.I’m from Beijing Hongxing Middle School.I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing.
While you are here，we’ll provide you with a room of your own with a bed，a desk，a couple of chairs
and a TV set.You’ll also have your own bathroom.Our school is quite close to our home，so we could go to school together by bike.At noon we’ll have lunch at the school dining hall.I’m sure you’ll like the delicious Chinese food and enjoy talking with friends over lunch.Classes in our school usually finish at 4 in the afternoon.You can then join other students in playing ball games or swimming.It’ll be a lot of fun.
If you have any questions or requests，please let me know.We’ll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
你们学校在征集改善道路交通状况的文章，请你根据题目要求及下面图画的内容提示，为学校的壁报写一篇稿件，谈谈你对交通状况的思考。 注意：1.词数不少于120；
2．应包括图画中的全部内容：
3．标题与开头已为你写好；
4．参考词汇：行人 pedestrian；人行横道 zebra crossing；隔离护栏 divider。
What’s Wrong with Them?
Take a look at the road conditions of today.Something must be wrong with today’s people.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
What’s Wrong with Them?
Take a look at the road conditions of today.Something must be wrong with today’s people.Quite a few pedestrians and cyclists behave as if there were no traffic rules at all.They cross roads anywhere as they like，even though there are zebra crossings just a few yards away.Some even put themselves at risk taking short cuts by climbing dividers in the middle of roads.Many drivers act like F1 racers on the
highways.They drive at considerable speeds without care.They usually speed through zebra crossings，even when pedestrians are there.When there is a red light at an intersection，pedestrians or cyclists never tend to pause or stop.They all forget where they are.Sometimes there are some crazy people driving on the roads without driving licenses，or worse，drink and drive，which can make the road into a bloody battle field.
Why do such things happen? In my opinion，it is just due to their lack of moral duty that people
ignore various traffic rules，road safety，or even the lives of others.This leads to their bad and reckless behavior，which makes the traffic conditions go from bad to worse.It is believed that something should be done to improve the whole situation.Then road safety won’t be a problem and traffic conditions won’t be a bother to us anymore.