大学英语四级写作专项精讲

常用的句型

开头

Recently, the problem of … has aroused people’s concern.

最近,…问题已引起人们的关注.

Nowadays, _________ has become a problem we have to face.

如今,已成为我们不得不面对的问题了.

It is commonly believed that… / It is a common belief that…

人们一般认为…

Many people insist that…

很多人坚持认为…

With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…

随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为…

A lot of people seem to think that…

很多人似乎认为…

引出不同观点:

People’s views on… vary from person to person. Some hold that… . However, others believe that….

人们对…的观点因人而异.有些人认为….. 然而其他人却认为．．．

People may have different opinions on… 人们对…可能会有不同的见解.

Attitudes towards _____ vary from person to person.

人们对待….的态度因人而异.

There are different opinions among people as to…

关于…. 人们的观点大不相同.

Different people hold different attitudes toward______.

对…..人们的态度各不相同.

结尾

Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…

把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论…

Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…

考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论…

Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that…

因此,我们最好得出这样的结论…

There is no doubt that ____ has its drawbacks as well as merits.

毫无疑问,…..有优点也有缺点.

All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.

总之,我们没有…是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题.

提出建议:

It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).

该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了.

It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …

该是采纳…的建议,并对…的进展给予特殊重视的时候了.

There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of …

毫无疑问,对…问题应予以足够的重视.

Obviously, If we want to do something…, it is essential that…

显然,如果我们想做某事,很重要的是…

Only in this way can we… 只有这样, 我们才能…

It must be realized that… 我们必须意识到…

预示后果:

Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that… will lead us in danger.

很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险.

No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that…

毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会…

It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.

很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展.

论证:

From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.

在我看来,支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理.

I cannot entirely agree with the idea that… 我无法完全同意这一观点….

Personally, I am standing on the side of … 就个人而言,我站在…的一边.

I sincerely believe that… 我真诚地相信…

In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do….

在我个人看来,做…比做…更明智.

Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why…

给出原因:

This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, …

这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先, … 第二, … 第三, …

Why did… ?  For one thing… For another…. Perhaps the primary reason is…

为什么会…? 一个原因是… 令一个原因是… 或许其主要原因是….

I quite agree with the statement that… the reasons are chiefly as follows.

我十分赞同这一论述,即…,其主要原因如下:

列出解决办法:

Here are some suggestions for handling… 这是如何处理某事的一些建议.

The best way to solve the troubles is… 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是…

People have figured out many ways to solve this problem.

人们已找出许多办法来解决这个问题.

批判错误观点和做法:

As far as something is concerned, …. 就某事而言,…

It was obvious that… 很显然,….

It may be true that…, but it doesn’t mean that…

可能…是对的,但这并不意味着…

It is natural to believe that… , but we shouldn’t ignore that…

认为….是很自然的,但我们不应忽视….

There is no evidence to suggest that… 没有证据表明…

阐释图表：

As is shown in the graph… 如图所示…

The graph shows/suggests/indicates/illustrates that… 图表显示…

As can be seen from the table,… 从表格中可以看出…

From the chart, we know that… 从这张表中,我们可知…

All these data clearly prove the fact that… 所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即…

The increase of …. In the city has reached to 20%. ….在这个城市的增长已达到20%.

In 1985, the number remained the same. 1985年,这个数字保持不变.

There was a gradual decline in 1989. 1989年,出现了逐渐下降的情况.

五、各类作文结构

四级作文主要涉及两个方面：一是与学生学习、生活相关的话题；二是与人们生活息息相关以及有关社会发展变化的热点话题。从体裁来看，四级作文主要以议论文和说明文为主，主要包括图表阐释类、说明现象类、对策方法类、对比分析类和观点论证类，叙事类和应用文。

图表阐释类作文结构

图表阐释类作文一般需要考生描述图表或图画中的数据或画面，解释这些数据或画面反映出的裱花、现象或问题，并对其产生的原因、影响或存在的问题进行分析说明。例：

Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Do Athletes and entertainers Deserve Such High Salaries?. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the chart and the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.       对表格内容进行描述

2.       说明出现这种现象的原因

3.       你的观点

下图为20##年福布斯中国名人榜部分收入排名

结构公式陈列

参考范文

第二篇：英语四级作文精讲精练图表作文和应用文

英语四级作文精讲精练 (图表作文，应用文) 图表作文：

图表作文提示部分包括图表和文字要点提示两部分。图表的类型主要有：圆形（饼型）图（piechart）、柱形图(直型图)（graph）、曲线图（chart）和数据统计表(表格)（table）。图表作文的写作内容包括综合理解、客观详述和主观表达。

模板一

① 总的趋势 ② 图表具体描述 ③剖析图表所揭示的含义 ④理由一

⑤ 理由二 ⑥理由三 ⑦ 理由四 ⑧总结 ⑨ 前景预测

As can be seen from the table, the past decade has witnessed dramatic changes in①______.

While ②_______. It is obvious from the table that③_________.

What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follows. To start with, ④______. Secondly, ⑤______ . What’s more, ⑥ _______. Last but not lease, ⑦________.

In conclusion, ⑧_________. Moreover, ⑨ ________.

范文： How People Spent Their Holidays

Year 1990 1995 2000

Traveling 37% 51% 76%

Staying at home 63% 49% 24%

1. 上图所示为1990、1995、20xx年某城市人们度假方式的情况，请描述其变化：

2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因。

3. 得出结论。

How People Spent Their Holidays

As can be seen from the table, the past decade have witnessed dramatic changes in the way people spent their holiday between 1990 and 2000.In 1990, 63% of people spent their holidays at home, while the figure dropped considerably to 24% in 2000. It is obvious from the table that people tended to be more and more mobile, and they wanted to get entertainment in the outside world.

What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follows. To start with, with the rapid development of economy, people earn by far more money than they used to. Thus, people are able to afford traveling expenses. Secondly, people think it important to get well-informed about the outside world in this new era when everything is on the move. Traveling, of course, is a sure way to achieve this goal. What's more, in this competitive society, people are usually under great stress. However, it is not difficult to find traveling an effective way to relieve people's stress and get relaxation. Last but not least, by traveling outside, people are close to nature, which is not only beneficial to both their health and peace of mind.

In conclusion, people prefer to go traveling rather than stay at home during holidays for a combination of reasons. Moreover, it seems that this trend will last in the foreseeable future.

模板二

①描述图表 ②分三方面解释原因 ③下结论

1) During the period from _______to _______, ________rose from ________to _______, while _______ decreased from _______ to _______.

2) We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. First,____. Second, ____. Third, _____.

3) ___.We are happy to see that things are becoming better and better nowadays. We can imagine that ___.

范文： Health Gains in Developing Countries

1．以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(1ife expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况

2．说明引起变化的各种原因

Health Gains in Developing Countries

During the period from 1960 to 1990, the life expectancy of developing countries rose from 40 years to nearly 60 years, while infant mortality decreased from 200 deaths per 1000 births to around 100.

We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. First, economy develops quickly in developing countries during this period, and living quality improves significantly as a result. Second, people's health conditions also become better and better with the development of national health care systems. When they become richer and richer, they care more about personal health conditions. Third, medical sciences also develop at a fantastic speed, and it is much safer for mothers to give birth.

We are happy to see that things are becoming better and better nowadays. We can imagine that people will live longer and the infant mortality will again fall. [1996.6. CET-6]

模板三

①描述图表 ②解释图表 ③补充解释

1) During the period between _______ and ________, ________ declined abruptly from _______ to ________, while ________ increased sharply from ________ to _______.

2) Several reasons can account for this phenomenon. Compared with _________ is much cheaper and more convenient__________ . Apart from that, _________.

3) However, there are still a number of people who _________, generally for two reasons. On the one hand,________. On the other hand, ________.

范文： Film Is Giving Way to TV

1. 电影观众越来越少

2. 电视观众越来越多，因为……

3. 然而，还是有人喜欢看电影，因为……

Film Is Giving Way to TV

During the period between 1975 and 1985，film-goers declined abruptly from 85,000 to about 12,000, while TV-watchers increased sharply from 5,000 to more than 100,000.

Several reasons can account for this phenomenon. Compared with a film, TV is much cheaper and more convenient --you don't have to leave your house at all. Apart from that, you have many choices while watching TV, but a film concentrates on a certain topic.

However, there are still a number of people who enjoy going to the cinema, generally for two reasons. On the one hand, the audio-visual effect of a cinema is much better. On the other hand, in a quiet and comfortable place such as a cinema, you can concentrate on what you are watching and get the most of the film.

应用文：

英文书信格式概述

1、信头（Heading）

指发信人的姓名（单位名称）、地址和日期，一般写在信纸的右上角。

英文地址的写法与中文完全不同，地址的名称按从小到大的顺序：第一行写门牌号码和街名；第二行写县、市、省、州、邮编、国名；然后再写日期。标点符号一般在每一行的末尾都不用，但在每一行的之间，该用的还要用，例如在写日期的时候。

日期的写法，如19xx年7月30日，英文为：July 30，1997（最为普遍）； July 30th，1997；30th July，1997等。1997不可写成97。

2、信内地址（Inside Address）

在一般的社交信中，信内收信人的地址通常省略，但是在公务信函中不能。将收信人的

姓名、地址等

写在信头日期下方的左角上，要求与对信头的要求一样，不必再写日期。

3、称呼（Salutation）

是写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一、二行的地方，从该行的顶格写起，在称呼后面一般用逗号（英国式），也可以用冒号（美国式）。

（1）写给亲人、亲戚和关系密切的朋友时，用Dear或My dear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名（这里指名字，不是姓氏）。例如：My dear father，Dear Tom等。

（2）写给公务上的信函用Dear Madam，Dear Sir或Gentleman（Gentlemen）。注意：Dear纯属公务上往来的客气形式。Gentlemen总是以复数形式出现，前不加Dear，是Dear Sir的复数形式。

（3）写给收信人的信，也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如：Dear Prof. Tim Scales, Dear Dr. John Smith。

假如你不知道收信人的姓名，可用Dear Sir(s), Dear Madam, Dear Sir or Madam.

假如你知道收信人的姓名，但他并非你的好友，可用Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Ms. Smith, Dear Dr.Smith, Dear Prof.Smith.

4、正文（Body of the Letter）

位置在下面称呼语隔一行，是信的核心部分。因此要求正文层次分明、简单易懂。和中文信不同的是，正文中一般不用Hello！（你好！）

正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些，通常以五个字母为宜，每段第二行从左面顶格写起，这就是缩进式。

但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式，用齐头式，即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。

5、结束语（Complimentary Close）

在正文下面的一、二行处，从信纸的中间偏右处开始，第一个词开头要大写，句末用逗号。不同的对象，结束语的写法也不同。

（1）写给家人、亲戚，用Your loving grandfather，Lovingly yours，Lovingly,等；

（2）写给熟人、朋友，用Yours cordially，Yours affectionately, Best regards, Best wish, Love等；

（3）写业务信函用Truely yours（Yours truely），Faithfully yours（Yours faithfully）等；

（4）对上级、长辈用Yours obediently（Obediently yours），Yours respectfully（Respectfully yours）等;

(5) 假如你知道收信人的姓名，但他并非你的好友，用Yours Sincerely。

6、签名（Signature）

低于结束语一至二行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始，在结束语的正下方，在签完名字的下面还要有用打字机打出的名字，以便识别。职务、职称可打在名字的下面。当然，写给亲朋好友的信，就不必再打了。

（一）感谢信

常用句型

1．I am grateful／obliged to you for．．．我非常感谢你的……

2．I am greatly indebted to you for what you have done． 我为你所做的一切表示感激。

3．I am thankful／obliged to you for your unselfish assistance during… 感谢你在……期间给予我无私的帮助。

4．I deeply appreciate your courtesy and we hope to have the opportunity of rewarding your kindness．

我非常感谢你的好意，并希望有机会回报你。

5．I take this opportunity to express my deep appreciation of your kind help you rendered me．

我借此机会对你所给予我的帮助表示深深的感谢。

6. It was kind and generous of you to do this for me，and l appreciate it more than l can say．

你为我这样做真是太好了，我感激不尽。

7．My appreciate to you for your generous help is beyond my words．I wish I could repay it some day．

我无法用言语来表达对你的感激之情。但愿有朝一门能回报你的帮助。

8．Please accept my most cordial thanks for your timely help，which l will never forget．

请接受我诚挚的谢意，感谢你及时的帮助，我将难以忘怀。

9．Words fail me when I want to express my gratitude to you．感激之情难以言表。

10．Again，I would like to express our warm thanks to you．再次向你表示感谢。

范文

July 7, 2008

Dear Prof. James,

As one of your students, I am writing to ask for your kind assistance. I wish to enroll in College of Computer at Oxford University, for which I am required to provide a letter of recommendation. As a senior professor in your field, one of my most respected college teachers and a person who knows me very well, you are the most suitable referee for me.

As you know, I have laid a solid foundation in computer science. I would be grateful if, in the letter, you would confirm that I have adequate qualifications to follow the course. Would you be so kind as to give a brief introduction to my academic performance during my undergraduate studies, especially that under your supervision? Besides, your personal opinion of me will carry special weight. I have to submit the letter next month.

Thank you so much for your generous help in this matter.

Yours sincerely,

Henry Scott

(二) 欢迎信

范文

Dear Xiao Wang,

Words failed me to express my excitement when I learned that you would like to spend your holiday together with me. It has been three years since we graduated from high school. I miss you so much that I even can't wait to see you. Now that it will be the first time you visit Beijing, I am sure that your journey will be exciting, rewarding and full of a lot of fun.

I've made a rough plan for this holiday as follows. On the first day you arrive here, I will show you around our new campus. Especially, I will take you to visit our newly-built modem library. During the second three days, we'd better go sightseeing around Beijing. We can visit some famous scenic spots and historical sites, such as Summer Palace, the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, etc. On the fifth day, we can visit the Beijing Zoo, since you are quite interested in wild animals. The next day, we can do some shopping. There are many splendid markets and plazas in Beijing. On the last day, you can have a good rest before setting off. If there is anything inconvenient for you in this plan, please let me know immediately.

By the way, since lots of people will go traveling in this holiday, it must be crowded on the train. So you should take care of your luggage. Bring more clothes with you because Beijing is much colder than Kunming at this time. And don't forget to tell me when you will arrive so that I'll pick you up at the airport.

I am looking forward to your reply and wish you a god journey.

Yours,

Zhang Ying

（三） 道歉信与解释信

写作策略

开头段：表明写作意图，对某事表示歉意。

主体段：说明道歉的具体原因。

结尾段：再次表明歉意，请求收信人的谅解，并表示你愿意为此做补救。

常用句型

1．I must apologize to you for... 我必须为……向你道歉。

2．I am terribly/awfully sorry that... 我感到很抱歉，因为……

3．It is thoughtless/inconsiderate of me to do... 我做……，实在太欠考虑了。

4．I am afraid what I have done has caused many inconveniences to you. 恐怕我给您添了许多麻烦。

5．I sincerely hope that you can understand that I offended you unintentionally.

我真心希望您能理解我并非有意冒犯你的。

6．I regret to inform you that I am unable to do... 我很遗憾地告知您我不能……

7．I must make a sincere and humble apology to you for... 我必须为……真诚地向你道歉。

8．Please accept my sincere apology for.., once more. 请再次为……接受我真诚的道歉。

9．I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies. 我衷心希望你能接受我的道歉。

10．I am so sorry to have put you to so much trouble. 不好意思给你添了很多麻烦。

范文：

June 23, 2008

Dear Mr. / Ms,

I was very concerned when I received your letter of yesterday complaining that the central

heating system in your new house had not been completed by the date promised.

On referring to our earlier correspondence, I find that I had mistaken the date for completion. The fault is entirely mine and I deeply regret that it should have occurred.

I realize the inconvenience our oversight must be causing you and will do everything possible to avoid any further delay. I have already given instructions for the work to have priority and the engineers working on the job to be placed on overtime. These arrangements should see the installation completed by next weekend.

Yours faithfully

Zhang Ying

（四）邀请信

写作策略

开头段：表明写作意图，向某人发出邀请。

主体段：说明邀请的具体原因，邀请的内容。

结尾段：表示强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复。

常用句型

1．I am please to invite you to participate in …to be held from…to in…

我很高兴邀请你参加从……到……在……举行的……活动。

2．It is my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to…如能邀请你参加……是我莫大的荣幸。

3．It is my pleasure to extend an invitation to you to go traveling with me. 我很高兴邀请你和我一起去旅游。

4．I hope that you won't decline my invitation．我希望你不会拒绝我的邀请。

5．I will cover all the expenses involved．我会负责有关费用。

6．We were wondering if the session could consist of．．．我们想知道会议是否可以包括……

7．Would you please let me know as soon as possible if you can accept my invitation?

你能否早日告诉我是否能接受我的邀请？

范文：

June 23, 2008

Dear sir/madam:

We would like to invite you to an exclusive presentation of our new [product]. The presentation will take place at [location], at [time] on [date]. There will also be a reception at [time]. We hope you and your colleagues will be able to attend.

[company] is a leading producer of high-quality . As you well know, recent technological advances have made increasingly affordable to the public. Our new models offer superb quality and sophistication with economy, and their new features give them distinct advantages over similar products from other manufacturers.

We look forward to seeing you on [date]. Just call our office at [phone number] and we will be glad to secure a place for you.

Sincerely yours,

(name)

（五）英文求职信范文

April 7, 2002

Mr. Ray Hanks

Manager of Human Resources

Wayne Investments, Inc.

1023 Central Avenue

Tempa, FL 19122

Dear Mr. Hanks:

I am writing to apply for the Client Account Coordinator, which was advertised May 4th with the Career Services Center at Florida State University. I have enclosed a copy of my resume for your review. I believe that I have the training, experience and qualities that you are looking for.

According to the advertisement, your position requires excellent communication skills, computer literacy, and a B.S. degree in Finance. My studies have included courses in computer science, management information systems, speech communications, and business writing. I understand the position also requires a candidate who is team and detail-oriented, works well under pressure, and is able to deal with people in departments throughout the firm. These are skills I developed both in my course work and in my recent internship at Liberty Mutual, Inc. in Orlando, Florida.

Your job description suggests that our relationship could be mutually beneficial. I am confident that I can perform the job effectively, and I am excited about the idea of working for a dynamic, nationally recognized investment management firm.

I look forward to discussing my background and qualifications with you. If you would like to schedule an interview or otherwise discuss my interest in the position, I can be reached at (218) 365-3333.

Sincerely, Tom Sherman

（六）投诉信

当你希望某事得到改善或者某个问题得到补救时，往往会写投诉信。

写作策略

开头段：说明与收信人的相关性，并表明写作意图。

主体段：写明投诉的原因，要展开说明，可以说具体的理由，也可以说问题的具体体现

方式，比如，表达你对此事所带来不便的感受、心情。此外，提出你对如何改进或者解决问题的建议，清楚表明你希望问题如何得到解决。

结尾段：表达你希望所述问题得到迅速解决的强烈愿望，并对有关人员做出的努力表示感谢，希望尽快得到满意的答复。

常用句型

1. I am writing to you to complain about... 我现写信向你投诉有关…

2. I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with... 我现写信向你表达对……的不满。

3. I am afraid that I have to inform you that... 我很遗憾地告诉你……

4. I am completely disappointed/upset to find... 当我发现……，我感到非常的失望(伤心)。

5. There are some problems with.., that I wish to bring to attention. In the lust place .... in the second place .... 我希望你注意到在……方面的一些问题。一方面，……；另一方面，……

6. To reverse this situation, it is advisable/ desirable/ recommended/ suggested that... 为了扭转局势，建议……

7. To improve the situation, it is advisable to take the following measures. For one thing .... For another .... 为了改善局面，建议采取以下措施。其一，……；其二，……

8. I sincerely hope that it win review its management system, with the view to (doing) ... 找真诚地希望……能检讨自已的管理方式，以便……

9. I look forward to a day when we could... 我期盼着有—天我们能够……

10. I do hope that the problems will be solved as soon as possible. 我希望问题可以尽早得以解决。

11. I hope my suggestions will be taken into consideration to improve the situation. 我希望你们能够考虑一下我的建议以便改善局面。

12. If it is not properly settled, I would like to demand a refund, or I would complain to the Consumem' Association. 如果此事未能妥善得到解决，我要求你们退款，否则，我将向消

协投诉。

13. We believe that you will take this matter seriously from now on and make every effort to prevent its recurrence. 我们相信你们从现在起会认真对待这件事情的，并努力避免此事的再次发生。

（七）求学信

求学信的主要目的是写信人中请某所学校就读的信件。

写作策略

开头段：简单自我介绍，并说明写作意图。

主体段：介绍相关工作经历、学习经历以及个人本性。

结尾段：表示强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复。

常用句型

1．I wish to pursue my Master's degree in your prestigious university. 我希望到贵校攻读硕士学位。

2．I wish to apply to admission to your department as a post-graduate student. 我现申请攻读贵系研究生。

3．I am greatly Interested in your graduate program in College of Law and wish to apply for admission.

我对贵校法学院的研究生课程非常感兴趣，并申请到贵系攻读硕士学位。

4．Would you be so kind as to provide me with some relevant in formation?

您能否为我提供—些相关信息呢?

5．I am writing to ask for admission to your department. It's my long-cherished dream to pursue my study in your honored department. 我申请就读于贵系，这是我长久以来的愿望。

6．It would be appreciative of you if you could send me Some relevant information at your earliest convenience. 如果您能够尽快寄给我一些相关信息，我将不胜感激。

7．Could you send me an application form as wet/as some detailed information regarding... ?

您能否寄给我申请表和有关……的资料?

8．If further materials are required, I am only too willing to forward them to you.

如需其他材料，我非常乐意寄上。

9．I will certainly feel honored if I could be admitted to your university, which, renowned for its long history and a fine tradition of scholarship, enjoys a worldwide fame.

贵校历史悠久，治学严谨，享有世界声望，如果有幸能够成为贵校的学生，我将感到无比的荣幸。

10．Would you please let me know the procedures for admission at your earliest convenience?

能够尽快告知我入学的有关程序。

11．I shah be glad to furnish you with any further information concerning my education and work experience. 我很乐意为您提供我个人学习和工作经历的有关资料。