人民陪审员论文：论我国人民陪审员制度的完善
【中文摘要】在我国,人民陪审员制度作为一项重要的司法制度,对促进司法民主、实现司法公正具有重大意义。尽管不少国家在陪审制度的存废问题上仍有争议,但在普遍推崇法律职业化的今天,陪审制度以其蕴含的民主公正价值仍然在世界大多数国家存在,充分说明陪审制度确有存在的价值。因此,目前,我国对人民陪审员制度的态度不是废除而是如何完善和改进。特别是20##年8月18日全国人民代表大会常务委员会通过了《关于完善人民陪审员制度的决定》(以下简称《决定》)并于20##年5月1日开始正式施行,更加表明完善人民陪审员制度的决心,为这一制度的实施注入了新的活力。但是《决定》的规定并不明确和详细,同时由于立法的不完善和司法制度本身的缺陷等多种原因,人民陪审员制度在司法运行中仍出现了诸多问题。以淮南市中级人民法院所辖的6个基层人民法院为例,从该6个基层人民法院人民陪审员的选任情况、管理和培训情况、经费保障状况等可以看出,从陪审员的选用、参与审理案件、参与开庭和合议方面,人民陪审员基本上全程参与审判活动情况,人民群众对人民陪审员制度有一定的认知。当然,在落实人民陪审员制度中,仍然存在一些问题,如人民陪审员制度的法律规定不足、人民陪审员“陪而不审”、人民陪审员管理与培训规定不明确、人民陪审员相关补助与待遇难以落实、人民陪审员任期规定不合理、人民陪审员工作发展不均衡、缺乏监督制约机制等等。针对人民陪审员制度在实施中出现的种种问题,我们应当有相应的解决办法。应当确立人民陪审员制度的宪法依据,在修订宪法时,可以考虑在“公民的基本权利和义务”一章中增加“中华人民共和国公民有参加陪审的权利和义务”的条文；在“国家机构”一章的“人民法院和人民检察院”一节中增加“人民法院审判案件依照法律实行人民陪审员制度”的规定；完善人民陪审员制度的专门立法,在确立人民陪审员制度《宪法》化的基础上,制定一部规定全面、科学、统一的《中华人民共和国人民陪审员法》,让人民陪审员工作真正做到有法可依,把人民陪审工作纳入规范化、程序化、法治化的轨道；为确保人民陪审员执行职务时权责相一致,应当进一步细化人民陪审员参与审判的权利与义务；明确人民陪审员参与陪审案件的范围。针对人民陪审员制度在实践操作中出现的问题,我们应当科学确定人民陪审员的选任范围,现阶段对陪审员的选任资格可以由法律规定一个幅度或者不同的选取方式,各地区在规定幅度内根据当地经济状况、教育状况确定本地陪审员任职资格和选取方式,并制定相应的细则规定；因地制宜地落实“随机抽取”机制,可以在坚持司法统一性原则的前提下,允许有些地区在遵守中央或上级精神的前提下,根据本地的实际情况采取相异于外地的具体措施和实施方案；强化陪审庭的职权；健全培训管理办法,包括选定适当的培训范围,建立科学的管理体制；此外,应完善有关责任追究机制及建立相应的监督制约机制。当然,社会各界的关心支持,良好的社会氛围更有助于人民陪审员制度发挥作用。我们应当着力营造良好的政治环境,培养大众的陪审意识,完善人民陪审员的保障机制。
【英文摘要】In China, the People’s Attending System is an important judicial system, which has great significance on the execution of judicial democracy and the promotion of judicial justness. Though there is still the dispute on the existence and abolishment of jury system in some countries, but today, in which law’s profession is widely promoted, the jury system is implemented in many countries in the world because of the value of democracy and justness. So, at present, we are facing how to improve the People’s Attending System but not abolish it. Especially, The Act on Consummating of people’s Juror was issued on August 18,2004 by Standing Committee of People’s Congress Council and began to be implemented on May 1,2005, which has shown our determination to improve the People’s Attending System further and has brought new vitality to it. But some problems have arisen in execution of the People’s Attending System yet, because the rules of the Act are not explicit and detailed and the legislation and judicial system is not perfect.Taking the six elementary People’s Court of Huainan city for instance and from the situation of the empanel, management, training, guarantee of the outlay of the six courts’assessors, we can see that the assessors take part in the activity of trail all along basically from the participation in cases cognizance, participation in court and deliberation and so on. The people have cognition to the People’s Attending System to some extent. Certainly, some problems have arisen in the execution of the People’s Attending System, such as the rules of law are lacking, the assessors accompany but don’t review, the rules of management and training are inexplicit, the allowance and treatment is hard to carry out, the rules of tenure are unreasonable, the development is unbalanced, the mechanism of supervision and restriction is of shortage.We should consider solving the various problems which has arisen in the execution of the People’s Attending System. We should prescribe the People’s Attending System to the Constitution. We can add the rules while revising the constitution that the citizens have the rights and obligations of taking part in jury in the chapter of “the basic rights and obligations of the citizens” and the court implements the People’s Attending System in trail according to law in the section of “the people’s court and the office of the public prosecutor” of the chapter of nation organization. We should implement the special law of the People’s Attending System. We can institute a comprehensive, scientific and united law on the constitutional foundation that named” the People’s Assessors Law”, which makes people’s jury into standardization, procedure and legalization orbit. We should stipulate the rights and obligations in details further for ensuring the assessors have corresponding rights and responsibilities in carrying their jobs. We should make the range of cases applying jury clear.For solving the problems in practice, we should define the scope of selecting the assessors scientifically. At present, we can stipulate a range or different selection method of the assessors’qualification by the law, in which each region can choosing the suitable to their own according to their local economic, educated condition and can regulate the corresponding detailed rules. We should carry out the “random sample mechanism” according to different situation. On the condition of insisting judicial unity and obeying the premise of central or upper grade spirit,we can allow some regions to adopt concrete measure and implementation project which different from others, according to local actual circumstance. We can enhance the authority of collegiate assessor, perfect the method of training and management, including choosing suitable content of training, establish the scientific manage methods. In addition, we should implement the system of pursuing responsibility and establish the corresponding mechanism of supervision and restriction.Certainly, concern and support from the various communities and the good social atmosphere contribute to the people’s Attending system more. We should put forth effort to construct good political environment, cultivate consciousness of jury of the public, perfect the guarantee mechanism of the people’s assessors.
【关键词】人民陪审员 制度 运行 立法
【英文关键词】The People’s assessors System Execution Legislation
【目录】论我国人民陪审员制度的完善
摘要
4-6
Abstract
6-8
引言
9-12
一、我国人民陪审员制度的运行现状及存在的问题——以淮南市实证为例
12-21
(一) 人民陪审员制度的运行现状
12-15
(二) 人民陪审员制度运行中存在的问题
15-21
二、关于人民陪审员制度的立法
21-28
(一) 确立人民陪审员制度的宪法依据
21-22
(二) 完善人民陪审员制度的专门立法
22-24
(三) 细化人民陪审员参与审判的权利与义务
24-25
(四) 明确陪审案件的范围
25-28
三、人民陪审员制度的运行机制
28-36
(一) 科学确定人民陪审员的选任范围
28-29
(二) 因地制宜地落实”随机抽取”机制
29-31
(三) 强化陪审庭的职权
31-32
(四) 健全培训、管理办法
32-34
(五) 完善责任追究机制
34
(六) 建立监督制约机制
34-36
四、良好社会氛围的营造
36-39
(一) 创造良好政治环境
36
(二) 培养大众的陪审意识
36-37
(三) 完善人民陪审员的保障机制
37-39
参考文献
39-43
致谢
43