3D模型-3D建模不再复杂
现实世界是个真实的三维空间，人眼特性就是看到近大远小的实物，所以能真实的感官距离和立体效果。我们在通过计算机传递信息时，普遍都显示的是2D平面的世界，后来有了视频能很好的表达信息，然而却不能真实的表达出现实的世界，于是科学家及相关技术人员开始研究计算机的三维技术。现在我们可以在计算机及各种移动终端设备上欣赏到真如实物般的3D模型，让人眼看上就像真的一样的视觉效果。
生活中，我们渐渐地开始接触3D、了解3D,于是很多需要利用3D模型展示物体商品的人群很想知道能方便快捷制作3D模型的技术，在网页上能够实现上下左右拖动、实现从不同角度观看3D模型。往往得到的答案是必须用到多种建模软件，这需要大量技术人员进行制作、抠图、渲染等等一系列繁琐的步骤，还要把3D模型转化成网页能直接识别和读取的3D模型其他格式的文件，一个被看到的完整3D模型用建模软件制作既耗时又耗力，成本也惊人。
基于照片的三维重建技术出现后，3D建模就变得非常简单，用户只需拍摄物体的一组序列照片，上传到3Dcloud平台就会自动生成3D模型，不需复杂的人工合成步骤也不需任何插件，直接就可获取3D模型，在3Dcloud平台还能储存、下载、分享3D模型等服务功能。
第二篇：在Java 3D中载入外部3D模型文件
在Java 3D中载入外部3DJava 3D虽然能支持众多的外部3D模型文件，但能支持被Java 3D使用的外部模型文件仅为.obj和.lwd两种；分别对应ObjectFile类和Lw3dLoader类。相比之下几款主流的3D建模软件都能生成.obj格式的文件，因此本文主要介绍使用ObjectFile类载入.obj文件的方法。
ObjectFile类有三个构造方法，分别为：
ObjectFile()
ObjectFile(int flags)
ObjectFile(int flags, float radians)
其中flags为一个整型的常量参数，用于决定载入的3D模型以什么方式生成。 参数radians用于决定载入模型的可显示半径。
flags参数可在以下四个值之间任取一个或者用逻辑或（"|"）将几个参数组合使用。
ObjectFile.RESIZE：忽略被载入的模型大小，直接把载入的模型放在一个范围在(1,1,1)到(-1,-1,-1)之间的立方体空间内，并把坐标原点设为(0,0,0)。 ObjectFile.REVERSE：反转载入的外部模型，即可能看模型的后面。
ObjectFile.TRIANGULATE：将模型的面以三角形方式显示，此参数主要便于观察模型凹凸面。
ObjectFile.STRIPIFY：以模型文件内模型的实际情况显示，此参数也是默认参数。
当初始化了ObjectFile对象后就可以用load方法载入.obj格式的文件，如果模型中已包含了贴图和光照的话也将一起被载入。load方法需要一个参数用于指出.obj格式文件所在的路径，load方法有多个重载方法可以使参数即可以接受String类的值也可以接受Url类的值或者从输入法流读入，如果模型载入成功将返回一个Scene类的对象，如果载入失败将抛异常。Java 3D针对load方法定义了三个异常类：
FileNotFoundException类：表示文件未找到。
IncorrectFormatException类：表示文件格式不正确。
ParsingErrorException类：装载器解析文件时出错。
下面的代码用以演示如何用load方法将一个模型载入到Scene类的实例： view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
Scene loadScene = null;
int flag = ObjectFile.STRIPIFY;
ObjectFile obj = new ObjectFile(flag);
try {
loadScene = obj.load(this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(filename));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("文件未找到或文件路径不正确");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IncorrectFormatException e) {
System.out.println("文件格式不正确");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ParsingErrorException e) {
System.out.println("装载器解析文件时出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
Scene loadScene = null;
int flag = ObjectFile.STRIPIFY;
ObjectFile obj = new ObjectFile(flag);
try {
loadScene = obj.load(this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(filename));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("文件未找到或文件路径不正确");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IncorrectFormatException e) {
System.out.println("文件格式不正确");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ParsingErrorException e) {
System.out.println("装载器解析文件时出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
虽然至此我们已经载入了一个.obj格式文件的3D模型，但把它载入到场景后我们却模型并没有按我们想像的那么显示。对比在3D建模工具中看到模型的样子，我们的模型被绕X轴逆时针的旋转了90度，这主要是Java 3D的坐标系和大多数的3D建模工具的坐标系不同。我们假设用户的显示器是垂直于桌面上，那么在Java 3D中显示器的宽代表X轴，显示器的高代表Y轴，显示器垂直朝向用户的方法为Z轴（此方向也是Z轴的正数方向）。而多数的建模工具使用的是世界坐标系，即将显示器的高代表Z轴。
因此我们需要在程序将模型绕X轴顺时针旋转90度，旋转轴坐标的方法是使用Transform3D类的rotX方法，相应的还有rotY和rotZ方法。
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Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.rotX(-Math.PI/2);
TransformGroup tg = new TransformGroup(t3d);
tg.addChild(loadScene.getSceneGroup);
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.rotX(-Math.PI/2);
TransformGroup tg = new TransformGroup(t3d);
tg.addChild(loadScene.getSceneGroup);
注意：这里有一个容易混淆的概念，就是我们刚才的步骤是旋转的坐标系，而不是模型，模型是附加在坐标系的上，没有法被旋转。而在刚才的步骤完成后就是将Z轴转向了上方（即显示器的高），而此时场中如还有其它的模型的话，它们的坐标未受影响，仍是Java 3D的坐标系。
通常情况下我们载入的模型大小并不是我们所要的，我们必须要在场景中对模型进行缩放操作。Java 3D中对模型进行缩放需要用到Transform3D的setScale方法，方法可以接收一个double值或一个Vector3d对象的实例，当使用double值做参数时模型将在XYZ轴上使用同样的比例因子进行缩放，而Vector3d实例则可以分别为XYZ轴指定不同的比例因子，比例因子越接近0，模型就越小，当设为0时模型即小的不可见了。
t3d.setScale(0.05d);
或
t3d.setScale(new Vector3d(0.01d,0,02d,0.03d));
好了，现在我将代码整理如下：
Gamemain.java 程序主入口
ScreenManager.java 窗口框架类
LoadModelDemo.java 演示载入一个外部3D模型文件
ColourTile.java 实现一个平面用于地面中的单块地砖
CheckedFloor.java 实现场景中的地面
GameMain.java
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import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
public class GameMain {
private static int scrWidth = 800;
private static int scrHeight = 600;
private static int scrBitdepth = 32;
private JFrame gameFrame;
private JPanel gamePanel;
public static void main(String[] args)
{
GameMain game = new GameMain();
}
public GameMain()
{
ScreenManager screen = new ScreenManager(scrWidth,scrHeight,scrBitdepth,"Java 3D Test");
screen.setWindowMode();
gameFrame = screen.getFrame();
gamePanel = new LoadModelDemo(scrWidth,scrHeight); gameFrame.add(gamePanel);
}
}
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
public class GameMain {
private static int scrWidth = 800;
private static int scrHeight = 600;
private static int scrBitdepth = 32;
private JFrame gameFrame;
private JPanel gamePanel;
public static void main(String[] args)
{
GameMain game = new GameMain();
}
public GameMain()
{
ScreenManager screen = new
ScreenManager(scrWidth,scrHeight,scrBitdepth,"Java 3D Test");
screen.setWindowMode();
gameFrame = screen.getFrame();
gamePanel = new LoadModelDemo(scrWidth,scrHeight); gameFrame.add(gamePanel);
}
}
ScreenManager.java
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import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.DisplayMode;
import java.awt.GraphicsDevice;
import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
public class ScreenManager {
private GraphicsDevice device;
private JFrame frame;
private String title;
private boolean isResizable;
private boolean isWindowMode;
private int scrWidth;
private int scrHeight;
private int scrBitdepth;
public ScreenManager(int scrWidth,int
scrBitdepth,String title)
{
this.scrWidth = scrWidth;
this.scrHeight = scrHeight;
this.scrBitdepth = scrBitdepth;
scrHeight,int
this.title = title;
}
public ScreenManager(String title)
{
this.title = title;
this.frame.setTitle(title);
}
public void setFullScreenMode()
{
device = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getDefaultScreenDevice();
if(isSupportDisplayMode(scrWidth,scrHeight,scrBitdepth)) {
frame = new JFrame();
frame.setUndecorated(true);
frame.setResizable(false);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
device.setFullScreenWindow(frame);
try{
if(device.isFullScreenSupported()&&device.isDisplayChangeSupported())
device.setDisplayMode(new
DisplayMode(scrWidth, scrHeight, scrBitdepth, DisplayMode.REFRESH_RATE_UNKNOWN));
}catch(IllegalArgumentException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(0);
}
}
else
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "不支持的显示分辨率!","错误",JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
System.exit(0);
}
}
private boolean isSupportDisplayMode(int width,int height,int bitdepth)
{
DisplayMode[] modes = device.getDisplayModes(); for(DisplayMode mode : modes)
{
if(mode.getWidth()==width && mode.getHeight()==height && mode.getBitDepth()==bitdepth) return true;
}
return false;
}
public void setWindowMode()
{
frame = new JFrame();
frame.setResizable(false);//禁止窗体改变大小
frame.setPreferredSize(new
Dimension(scrWidth,scrHeight));
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);//响应窗体的关闭事件，但不关闭窗体
frame.setVisible(true);
// 侦听窗体事件并捕获窗体关闭中的事件，在用户确认后退出程序 frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
{
int res = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "是否退出！","退出",JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
if(res == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION)
closeFrame();
}
});
this.setFrametoCenter();
}
public void setFullWindowMode()
{
if(frame != null)
{
device = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getDefau
ltScreenDevice();
DisplayMode displayMode = device.getDisplayMode();
frame.setPreferredSize(new
Dimension(displayMode.getWidth(),displayMode.getHeight())); }
}
public int getWidth()
{
return scrWidth;
}
public int getHeight()
{
return scrHeight;
}
public JFrame getFrame()
{
return frame;
}
// 将窗体在显示屏幕内居中显示
public void setFrametoCenter()
{
if(device!=null)
return;
Insets inset = frame.getInsets();
int scrx=0;
int scry=0;
Dimension scrSize
Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
if(scrSize.width > scrWidth)
scrx = (scrSize.width-scrWidth)/2;
if(scrSize.height > scrHeight)
scry = (scrSize.height-scrHeight)/2;
frame.setBounds(scrx-inset.left,
scrWidth+inset.right+inset.left,
scrHeight+inset.bottom+inset.top);
}
// 关闭窗体事件
public void closeFrame()
= scry-inset.top,
{
frame.dispose();
System.exit(0);
}
}
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.DisplayMode;
import java.awt.GraphicsDevice;
import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
public class ScreenManager {
private GraphicsDevice device;
private JFrame frame;
private String title;
private boolean isResizable;
private boolean isWindowMode;
private int scrWidth;
private int scrHeight;
private int scrBitdepth;
public ScreenManager(int scrWidth,int scrBitdepth,String title)
{
this.scrWidth = scrWidth;
this.scrHeight = scrHeight;
this.scrBitdepth = scrBitdepth;
this.title = title;
}
public ScreenManager(String title)
{
this.title = title;
this.frame.setTitle(title);
}
scrHeight,int
public void setFullScreenMode()
{
device = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getDefaultScreenDevice();
if(isSupportDisplayMode(scrWidth,scrHeight,scrBitdepth)) {
frame = new JFrame();
frame.setUndecorated(true);
frame.setResizable(false);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
device.setFullScreenWindow(frame);
try{
if(device.isFullScreenSupported()&&device.isDisplayChangeSupported())
device.setDisplayMode(new
DisplayMode(scrWidth, scrHeight, scrBitdepth, DisplayMode.REFRESH_RATE_UNKNOWN));
}catch(IllegalArgumentException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(0);
}
}
else
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "不支持的显示分辨率!","错误",JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
System.exit(0);
}
}
private boolean isSupportDisplayMode(int width,int height,int bitdepth)
{
DisplayMode[] modes = device.getDisplayModes(); for(DisplayMode mode : modes)
{
if(mode.getWidth()==width &&
mode.getHeight()==height && mode.getBitDepth()==bitdepth) return true;
}
return false;
}
public void setWindowMode()
{
frame = new JFrame();
frame.setResizable(false);//禁止窗体改变大小
frame.setPreferredSize(new
Dimension(scrWidth,scrHeight));
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);//响应窗体的关闭事件，但不关闭窗体
frame.setVisible(true);
// 侦听窗体事件并捕获窗体关闭中的事件，在用户确认后退出程序
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
{
int res = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "是否退出！","退出",JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
if(res == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION)
closeFrame();
}
});
this.setFrametoCenter();
}
public void setFullWindowMode()
{
if(frame != null)
{
device = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getDefaultScreenDevice();
DisplayMode displayMode = device.getDisplayMode(); frame.setPreferredSize(new
Dimension(displayMode.getWidth(),displayMode.getHeight())); }
}
public int getWidth()
{
return scrWidth;
}
public int getHeight()
{
return scrHeight;
}
public JFrame getFrame()
{
return frame;
}
// 将窗体在显示屏幕内居中显示
public void setFrametoCenter()
{
if(device!=null)
return;
Insets inset = frame.getInsets(); int scrx=0;
int scry=0;
Dimension scrSize Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize(); if(scrSize.width > scrWidth)
scrx = (scrSize.width-scrWidth)/2; if(scrSize.height > scrHeight)
scry = (scrSize.height-scrHeight)/2; frame.setBounds(scrx-inset.left,
scrWidth+inset.right+inset.left,
scrHeight+inset.bottom+inset.top);
}
// 关闭窗体事件
public void closeFrame()
{
frame.dispose();
System.exit(0);
}
}
LoadModelDemo.java
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= scry-inset.top,
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.media.j3d.Background;
import javax.media.j3d.BoundingBox;
import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere;
import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D;
import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D;
import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.vecmath.Color3f;
import javax.vecmath.Point3d;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3d;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3f;
import com.sun.j3d.loaders.IncorrectFormatException; import com.sun.j3d.loaders.ParsingErrorException; import com.sun.j3d.loaders.Scene;
import com.sun.j3d.loaders.objectfile.ObjectFile;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.vp.OrbitBehavior; import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Text2D;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.SimpleUniverse; import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.ViewingPlatform;
public class LoadModelDemo extends JPanel{
private BranchGroup sceneBG;
private SimpleUniverse universe;
private BoundingSphere bounds;
private double boundRadius = 100;
public LoadModelDemo(int width,int height) {
this.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
GraphicsConfiguration config SimpleUniverse.getPreferredConfiguration();
Canvas3D canvas = new Canvas3D(config); canvas.setSize(width, height);
=
this.add(canvas,BorderLayout.CENTER);
universe = new SimpleUniverse(canvas);
createSceneGroup();
initUserPosition();
orbitControls(canvas);
universe.addBranchGraph(sceneBG);
}
public void createSceneGroup()
{
sceneBG = new BranchGroup();
bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0,0,0),boundRadius);
addBackground();
TransformGroup[] objModel = new TransformGroup[4]; sceneBG.addChild(objModel[0] = loadModel("leet/Liit.obj",ObjectFile.RESIZE,new
Vector3d(-5.4,0,0)));
sceneBG.addChild(objModel[1] = loadModel("leet/Liit.obj",ObjectFile.REVERSE,new
Vector3d(-1.8,0,0)));
sceneBG.addChild(objModel[2] = loadModel("leet/Liit.obj",ObjectFile.TRIANGULATE,new
Vector3d(1.8,0,0)));
sceneBG.addChild(objModel[3] = loadModel("leet/Liit.obj",ObjectFile.STRIPIFY,new
Vector3d(5.4,0,0)));
sceneBG.addChild(new CheckerFloor().getBG());
//对sceneBG有关的对象进行编译和缓存，如果在编译之后再次添加其它分支的话将抛异常
sceneBG.compile();
}
public void addBackground()
{
Background back = new Background();
back.setApplicationBounds(bounds);
back.setColor(0.17f, 0.62f, 0.92f);
sceneBG.addChild(back);
}
private void initUserPosition()
{
//返回当前虚拟世界的观察平台
ViewingPlatform vp = universe.getViewingPlatform(); //得到观察平台的坐标枝花点
TransformGroup steerTG = vp.getViewPlatformTransform();
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
steerTG.getTransform(t3d);
//设置观察点坐标在(0,5,20)，看向坐标(0,0,0)处，指定Y轴向正数沿伸方向为正方向
t3d.lookAt(new Point3d(0,5,20), new Point3d(0,0,0), new Vector3d(0,1,0));
t3d.invert();
steerTG.setTransform(t3d);
}
private void orbitControls(Canvas3D canvas)
{
OrbitBehavior orbit = new OrbitBehavior(canvas, OrbitBehavior.REVERSE_ALL);
orbit.setSchedulingBounds(bounds);
ViewingPlatform vp = universe.getViewingPlatform( ); vp.setViewPlatformBehavior(orbit);
}
private TransformGroup loadModel(String filename,int flag,Vector3d translation)
{
Scene loadScene = this.loadFromFile(filename,flag); Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d = this.rotateModel();
t3d.setScale(this.calcScaleFactor(loadScene.getSceneGroup()));
t3d.setTranslation(translation);
TransformGroup tg = new TransformGroup(t3d); tg.addChild(loadScene.getSceneGroup());
return tg;
}
private Scene loadFromFile(String filename,int flag) {
Scene loadScene = null;
ObjectFile obj = new ObjectFile(flag);
try {
loadScene = obj.load(this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(filename));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
System.out.println("文件未找到或文件路径不正确"); e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IncorrectFormatException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
System.out.println("文件格式不正确");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ParsingErrorException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
System.out.println("装载器解析文件时出错");
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
return loadScene;
}
}
//obj格式的文件坐标空间是Z轴指向上方，Y轴指向屏幕。而Java 3D //的坐标空间是Y轴指向上方，Z轴指向屏幕。因此需要把导入的外部模型 //作一个坐标转换，即将X轴转动90度
private Transform3D rotateModel()
{
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.rotX(-Math.PI/2);
return t3d;
}
private Vector3d calcScaleFactor(BranchGroup bg)
{
//根据枝节点得到一个立方位形的范围空间
BoundingBox boundBox = new BoundingBox(bg.getBounds());
Point3d upper = new Point3d();
//范围空间的XYZ轴在正方向的最大值载一个Point3d对象 boundBox.getUpper(upper);
//范围空间的XYZ轴在负方向的最大值载一个Point3d对象 Point3d lower = new Point3d();
boundBox.getLower(lower);
double max = 0.0;
//物体的长宽高三个数值中找出最大的一个值
if((upper.getX()-lower.getX())>max)
max = upper.getX()-lower.getX();
if((upper.getY()-lower.getY())>max)
max = upper.getY()-lower.getY();
if((upper.getZ()-lower.getZ())>max)
max = upper.getZ()-lower.getZ();
//计算比例因子，当值越接近0时，所显示的物体越小，当等于0时物体即不可见
double scaleFactor = 5/max;
if(scaleFactor<0.005)
scaleFactor = 0.005;
return
Vector3d(scaleFactor,scaleFactor*2,scaleFactor);
}
}
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.media.j3d.Background;
import javax.media.j3d.BoundingBox;
import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere;
import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D;
import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D;
import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.vecmath.Color3f;
import javax.vecmath.Point3d;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3d;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3f;
import com.sun.j3d.loaders.IncorrectFormatException;
import com.sun.j3d.loaders.ParsingErrorException;
import com.sun.j3d.loaders.Scene;
import com.sun.j3d.loaders.objectfile.ObjectFile;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.vp.OrbitBehavior;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Text2D;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.SimpleUniverse;
new
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.ViewingPlatform;
public class LoadModelDemo extends JPanel{
private BranchGroup sceneBG;
private SimpleUniverse universe;
private BoundingSphere bounds;
private double boundRadius = 100;
public LoadModelDemo(int width,int height)
{
this.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
GraphicsConfiguration config = SimpleUniverse.getPreferredConfiguration();
Canvas3D canvas = new Canvas3D(config);
canvas.setSize(width, height);
this.add(canvas,BorderLayout.CENTER);
universe = new SimpleUniverse(canvas);
createSceneGroup();
initUserPosition();
orbitControls(canvas);
universe.addBranchGraph(sceneBG);
}
public void createSceneGroup()
{
sceneBG = new BranchGroup();
bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0,0,0),boundRadius);
addBackground();
TransformGroup[] objModel = new TransformGroup[4]; sceneBG.addChild(objModel[0] = loadModel("leet/Liit.obj",ObjectFile.RESIZE,new
Vector3d(-5.4,0,0)));
sceneBG.addChild(objModel[1] = loadModel("leet/Liit.obj",ObjectFile.REVERSE,new
Vector3d(-1.8,0,0)));
sceneBG.addChild(objModel[2] = loadModel("leet/Liit.obj",ObjectFile.TRIANGULATE,new
Vector3d(1.8,0,0)));
sceneBG.addChild(objModel[3] = loadModel("leet/Liit.obj",ObjectFile.STRIPIFY,new
Vector3d(5.4,0,0)));
sceneBG.addChild(new CheckerFloor().getBG());
//对sceneBG有关的对象进行编译和缓存，如果在编译之后再次添加其它分支的话将抛异常
sceneBG.compile();
}
public void addBackground()
{
Background back = new Background();
back.setApplicationBounds(bounds);
back.setColor(0.17f, 0.62f, 0.92f);
sceneBG.addChild(back);
}
private void initUserPosition()
{
//返回当前虚拟世界的观察平台
ViewingPlatform vp = universe.getViewingPlatform(); //得到观察平台的坐标枝花点
TransformGroup steerTG = vp.getViewPlatformTransform();
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
steerTG.getTransform(t3d);
//设置观察点坐标在(0,5,20)，看向坐标(0,0,0)处，指定Y轴向正数沿伸方向为正方向
t3d.lookAt(new Point3d(0,5,20), new Point3d(0,0,0), new Vector3d(0,1,0));
t3d.invert();
steerTG.setTransform(t3d);
}
private void orbitControls(Canvas3D canvas)
{
OrbitBehavior orbit = new OrbitBehavior(canvas, OrbitBehavior.REVERSE_ALL);
orbit.setSchedulingBounds(bounds);
ViewingPlatform vp = universe.getViewingPlatform( ); vp.setViewPlatformBehavior(orbit);
}
private TransformGroup loadModel(String filename,int flag,Vector3d translation)
{
Scene loadScene = this.loadFromFile(filename,flag); Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d = this.rotateModel();
t3d.setScale(this.calcScaleFactor(loadScene.getSceneGroup
()));
t3d.setTranslation(translation);
TransformGroup tg = new TransformGroup(t3d);
tg.addChild(loadScene.getSceneGroup());
return tg;
}
private Scene loadFromFile(String filename,int flag)
{
Scene loadScene = null;
ObjectFile obj = new ObjectFile(flag);
try {
loadScene = obj.load(this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(filename));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
System.out.println("文件未找到或文件路径不正确");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IncorrectFormatException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
System.out.println("文件格式不正确");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ParsingErrorException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
System.out.println("装载器解析文件时出错");
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
return loadScene;
}
}
//obj格式的文件坐标空间是Z轴指向上方，Y轴指向屏幕。而Java 3D //的坐标空间是Y轴指向上方，Z轴指向屏幕。因此需要把导入的外部模型 //作一个坐标转换，即将X轴转动90度
private Transform3D rotateModel()
{
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.rotX(-Math.PI/2);
return t3d;
}
private Vector3d calcScaleFactor(BranchGroup bg)
{
//根据枝节点得到一个立方位形的范围空间
BoundingBox boundBox = new BoundingBox(bg.getBounds());
Point3d upper = new Point3d();
//范围空间的XYZ轴在正方向的最大值载一个Point3d对象
boundBox.getUpper(upper);
//范围空间的XYZ轴在负方向的最大值载一个Point3d对象
Point3d lower = new Point3d();
boundBox.getLower(lower);
double max = 0.0;
//物体的长宽高三个数值中找出最大的一个值
if((upper.getX()-lower.getX())>max)
max = upper.getX()-lower.getX();
if((upper.getY()-lower.getY())>max)
max = upper.getY()-lower.getY();
if((upper.getZ()-lower.getZ())>max)
max = upper.getZ()-lower.getZ();
//计算比例因子，当值越接近0时，所显示的物体越小，当等于0时物体即不可见
double scaleFactor = 5/max;
if(scaleFactor<0.005)
scaleFactor = 0.005;
return new Vector3d(scaleFactor,scaleFactor*2,scaleFactor);
}
}
ColouredTile.java
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import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.media.j3d.Appearance;
import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.GeometryArray;
import javax.media.j3d.PolygonAttributes;
import javax.media.j3d.QuadArray;
import javax.media.j3d.Shape3D;
import javax.vecmath.Color3f;
import javax.vecmath.Point3d;
import javax.vecmath.Point3f;
public class ColouredTile extends Shape3D {
private ArrayList<Point3d> coord;
private Color3f color;
private QuadArray plane;
public ColouredTile(ArrayList<Point3d> coord,Color3f color) {
this.coord = coord;
this.color = color;
plane = new QuadArray(coord.size(),GeometryArray.COORDINATES | GeometryArray.COLOR_3);
createGeometry();
createAppearance();
}
public void createGeometry()
{
int numPoints = coord.size();
Point3d[] points = new Point3d[numPoints];
coord.toArray(points);
plane.setCoordinates(0, points);
Color3f[] colors = new Color3f[numPoints];
for(int i=0;i<numPoints;i++)
colors[i] = this.color;
plane.setColors(0, colors);
this.setGeometry(plane);
}
public void createAppearance()
{
Appearance app = new Appearance();
PolygonAttributes pa = new PolygonAttributes();
pa.setCullFace(PolygonAttributes.CULL_NONE);
app.setPolygonAttributes(pa);
this.setAppearance(app);
}
}
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.media.j3d.Appearance;
import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.GeometryArray;
import javax.media.j3d.PolygonAttributes;
import javax.media.j3d.QuadArray;
import javax.media.j3d.Shape3D;
import javax.vecmath.Color3f;
import javax.vecmath.Point3d;
import javax.vecmath.Point3f;
public class ColouredTile extends Shape3D {
private ArrayList<Point3d> coord;
private Color3f color;
private QuadArray plane;
public ColouredTile(ArrayList<Point3d> coord,Color3f color) {
this.coord = coord;
this.color = color;
plane = new QuadArray(coord.size(),GeometryArray.COORDINATES | GeometryArray.COLOR_3);
createGeometry();
createAppearance();
}
public void createGeometry()
{
int numPoints = coord.size();
Point3d[] points = new Point3d[numPoints];
coord.toArray(points);
plane.setCoordinates(0, points);
Color3f[] colors = new Color3f[numPoints];
for(int i=0;i<numPoints;i++)
colors[i] = this.color;
plane.setColors(0, colors);
this.setGeometry(plane);
}
public void createAppearance()
{
Appearance app = new Appearance();
PolygonAttributes pa = new PolygonAttributes(); pa.setCullFace(PolygonAttributes.CULL_NONE); app.setPolygonAttributes(pa);
this.setAppearance(app);
}
}
CheckedFloor.java
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import java.awt.Font;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D;
import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup;
import javax.vecmath.Color3f;
import javax.vecmath.Point3d;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3f;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Text2D;
public class CheckerFloor {
private BranchGroup floor;
public CheckerFloor() {
floor = new BranchGroup();
}
public BranchGroup getBG() {
Color3f blue = new Color3f(0, 0, 1);
Color3f green = new Color3f(0, 1, 0);
boolean isBlue = true;
for (int j = -9; j < 10; j++) {
for (int i = -9; i < 10; i++) {
Point3d t1 = new Point3d(i, 0, j);
Point3d t2 = new Point3d(i + 1, 0, j);
Point3d t3 = new Point3d(i + 1, 0, j + 1);
Point3d t4 = new Point3d(i, 0, j + 1);
ArrayList<Point3d> tileCoord = new ArrayList<Point3d>();
tileCoord.add(t1);
tileCoord.add(t2);
tileCoord.add(t3);
tileCoord.add(t4);
if (isBlue)
floor.addChild(new ColouredTile(tileCoord, blue));
else
floor.addChild(new ColouredTile(tileCoord, green));
isBlue = !isBlue;
floor.addChild(makeText(new
Vector3f(i,0,j),"("+i+","+j+")"));
}
}
return floor;
}
public TransformGroup makeText(Vector3f pt, String text) { Color3f white = new Color3f(1, 1, 1);
Text2D message = new Text2D(text, white, "SansSerif", 36, Font.BOLD);
TransformGroup tg = new TransformGroup();
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.setTranslation(pt);
tg.setTransform(t3d);
tg.addChild(message);
return tg;
}
}