一、 绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。

读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。

例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces

二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一加读[iz]。

例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes

三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories

四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 读音变化：加读[z]。

例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes 反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro→macros（缩写词）

五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。 读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。

例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves 反例：roof→roofs

六、以-us结尾的名词（多为外来词），通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。

读音变化：尾音[Es]改读[ai]，其中[kEs]要改读为[sai]，[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。 例：fungus→fungi; abacus→abaci; focus→foci; cactus→cacti; cestus→cesti

七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。

读音变化：尾音[is]改读[i:z]。

例：axis→axes; basis→bases; naris→nares; hypothesis→hypotheses; restis→restes

八、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices，但有例外。

读音变化：尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。

例：matrix→matrices; directrix→directrices; calix→calices; appendix→appendices 反例：affix→affixes

九、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。

读音变化：去掉鼻尾音[m]。

例：forum→fora; stadium→stadia; aquarium→aquaria; datum→data; vacuum→vacua

十、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍-e。

读音变化：尾音[E]改读[i:]。

例：larva→larvae; formula→formulae; ala→alae; media→mediae; hydra→hydrae

十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。

读音变化：保持原音。

例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon

十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。

读音变化：没有规律。

例：man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen

十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：

例：ox→oxen; child→children; brother→brethren

十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词

例：analysis→analyses分析; basis→bases基础; datum→data数据; foot→feet; formula→formulae/formulas公式; goose→geese; louse→lice虱子; man→men mouse→mice; medium→media/mediums媒介; memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;

parenthesis→parentheses 圆括号; phenomenon→phenomena现象; radius→radii 半径

tooth→teeth; woman→women

十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的

例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼

十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词

例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar;

traffic交通

十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多

例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀

trousers长裤; wages工资

十八、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示

例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父 man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰; maid-servant→maid-servants

step-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law

十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词

例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

二十、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，

例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼

二十一、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

动名词的变化

1、一般情况，直接在动词后加ing，如：

draw\sing\sleep.(drawing\singing\sleeping)

2、以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如

write\skate\dance.(writing\skating\dancing)

3、重读闭音节的动词，双写词尾字母加ing，如：

hop\run\swim. (hopping\running\swimming)

4、以ie结尾的动词，去ie加y，再加ing，如：lie\tie\die.(lying\tying\dying) 一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律

动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。

1、大多数动词在词尾加―S‖在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如： ①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]

②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z]

2、以辅音字母加―y‖结尾的，要先将―y‖变为―i‖，然后在加―es‖读[iz] 如：

fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z]

study－studies [z]; worry－worries

3、以―s, x, ch, sh‖结尾的，在词尾加―es‖，发音为[iz] 如：

teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]

4、以―o‖结尾的动词，加―es‖，读[z] 如：

go－goes [z] do－does [z]

下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。 如：

1、do [du:]－does [dz]

2、say [sei]－says [sez]

以不发音字母―e‖结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加―s‖后字母―e‖发音， 与所加―s‖ 一起读做[iz]。 如：

close－closes [iz]

二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同： 变―y‖为―‖现象 双写最后辅音字母现象 例词：

①baby－babies

②carry－carries

③study－studying

一般过去时是表示在说话时间以前发生的动作或者状态的动词时态，它是英语时态体系中最重要的时态之一。

1) 一般过去时规则动词的构成形式：

规则动词在其原形后面加-ed:

to work-worked

以字母e结尾的规则动词，只加-d:

to love---loved

对所有人称均无词形变化。

否定式均由did not + 动词原形构成

I / you / he / she / they / we did not work.

疑问式均由 did + 主语 + 动词原形 构成

拼写注意：

情况 变化 例词

动词为单音节，以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加-ed

Stop-stoppedAdmit—admitted

以y结尾的动词，在y 前为辅音字母时 Y 变为 I ,加 – ed Carry –carriedHurry –hurried 以y 结尾的动词，在y 前为元音字母时 加—ed Obey—obeyedEnjoy---enjoyed

在英语当中有一部分动词的过去式变化形式是不规则的，这类动词被称为不规则动词。总数大概不过200多个，但是使用频率很高。主要分成三类：

1》 第一类不规则动词的三种形式同形，如：

cost cost cost

cut cut cut

hurt hurt hurt

shut shut shut

set set set

注意，有些动词的过去式与过去分词有两中形式，如：

bet bet / betted bet / betted

wed wed / wedded wed / wedded

wet wet / wetted wet / wetted

2》 第二类不规则动词的过去式和过去分词同形，如：

bend bent bent

bring brought brought

catch caught caught

hide hid hid / hidden

get got got/ gotten(AmE)

lead led led

3》 第三类不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同，如：

原形 过去式 过去分词

begin began begun

break broke broken

forbid forbade forbidden

grow grew grown

ring rang rung

wake woke / waked woken / waked

此外还有少数不规则动词的过去分词与原形相同，如： come came come

become became become

run ran run

第二篇：英语单数名词变复数名词(讲解+练习)

名词词法过关练习（一） 一、把单数变成复数

? coat _______ skirt _______ ? dress _______ house _______ ? watch _______ car _______ ? brush _______ box _______ ? toy _______ umbrella _______ ? ticket _______ cloakroom _______ ? teacher _______ son _______ ? student _______ job _______ ? operator _______ fly _______ 二、请写出下列名词复数加s后的读音： [ ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] buses [ ] boxes [ ] watches [ ] brushes [ ] 三、写出下列名词的复数并写出所加s或es的音标。 glass —— ] match —— ] wish —— ] baby —— [ ] butterfly — ] boy —] toy —]

名词词法过关练习（二）

一、 写出下列名词的复数形式

1、、class 、text 4、、6、7、shelf 、bed 、10、family 、toy 、foot 13、、、16、army 、18、fox 19、woman 、knife 、 二、 用所给名词的适当形式填空。

1. We are ________ (student). 2. I have five ________ (watch). 3. Her father is a ________ (doctor). 4. What’s your ______ (job)? 5. What are their ________ (job)? 6. These _________ (shelf) are not very good. 7. Two ________ (wolf) are in the forest. 8. The ____________ (housewife) are very lazy. 9. I have two ________ (knife). Do you need one? 10. There is a _______ (hero). 11. This _______ (potato) is very nice. 12. There is a red _________ (tomato) on the table. 13. We have four ________ (piano) in our school. 三、选择填空

( ) 1. The _____ are on the table. A. knife B. knifes C. knives ( ) 2. We need three more _____ to cook chips. A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes ( ) 3. What big _____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. toothes C. teeth ( ) 4. Please remember to give the horse some______. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf ( ) 5. There are 34 _____ in our school. A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. womans teachers ( ) 6、the wall .They are very

beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos ( )7. There are and the

group.

A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans ( )8. That’art book. A. an B. a C. the D are ( A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish ( in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches ( A .our tooth B.we tooths C. us teeth D.our teeth ( )12. In Britain _____ are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 四、写出下列句子的复数句子。

1. This is my friend. 2. That is his brother. 3. Is this your sister? 4. Is that her cousin? 5. What’s this? 6. This is an apple tree. 7. It is an old backpack.

8. Yes,it is.

名词词法过关练习（三） 一、选择a或an或不填（用/表示）

banana oranges 小时 house A R 二、用a或an 填空。

1. Is it book or book?

2. This is 3. Mary teacher. Tom teacher.

4. This is It’s 5. This is . 6. That is 7. I lost my keys. It’s 8. It’s .

9. This is peach. That’s 10. You have 三.用a/an填空：

1.Is there _____ umbrella on the desk? 2.There is _____ island in the sea. 3.There is _____ picture on the card. 4.I have _____ old book. 5._____ apple is a kind of fruit.

6.There is _____ armchair in the living room. 7.I'd like _____ egg.

8.Look, there is _____ bird in the tree. 9.Is there _____ map on the walll? 10.There is _____ bench in the park. wife（妻子）— life（生命）— knife — man—

woman tooth— foot— goose— mouse — child—

chinese [5tFaini:z] 中国人 Japanese [7dVApE5ni:z]日本人

sheep [Fi:p] 绵羊 deer [diE] 鹿 fish [fiF] 鱼 注意：fish①当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形，如three fish. ②当各种各样的鱼讲时，即强调鱼的种类时，要加es. 如：all kinds[kaindz] of fishes .各种各样的鱼 ③当鱼肉讲时，不可数。 （5）名词修饰名词时的复数情况 一个男老师 两个男老师 a woman teacher 一个女老师 两个女老师

只有当man和woman 修饰名词时，前后两个名词都变复数。其他的名词修饰名词，只把最后的名词变为复数。

如：a girl student 一个女学生 两个女学生

一、翻译：两个男工人worker

两个女工人

两个小孩

3个中国人

3条鱼

4只绵羊

4只鹿

5只鹅

5英尺

6颗牙齿

6个女人

7只脚

7个男人

三、写出下列单词的复数形式

egg---( ) bird--- ( )

pen--- ( ) leg--- ( )

chair--- ( ) chick---( )

dish--- ( ) fish--- ( )

church--- ( ) pencilbox-- (

bus--- ( ) box--- ( )

toy-- ( ) key---( )

donkey---( ) monkey--( )

fly---( ) baby--- ( )

)

candy--- ( ) family--- ( )

potato---( ) tomato---( )

四、用单词的适当形式填空

1、There are four_____(apple) on the ground. 2、There are five _____(bird) in the tree. 3、I have three _____(eraser).

4、There is one _____(cap) on the desk. 5、I have two _____(pencil box).

6、There are nine _____(dish) on the plate. 7、There are two _____ (boy) in our classroom. 8、There are so many _____(leaf) on the tree. 9、There are fifteen _____(knife).

10、There are six _____(candy) in the in the jar.

五、选择填空。

(1) It’s autumn, are falling(降落) down from trees.

A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leavs

(2) There are five under the tree.

A. sheep B. sheepes C. ships D. sheeps

(3) They want two of .

A. cup, waters B. cup, water

C. cups, waters D. cups, water

(4) How many are there in a week?

A. day B. days C. months

(5) —What are these in English?— are stamps.

A. They B. It C. Those

名词单复数练习

1）选择填空

1. They come from different ______

A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys

2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?

A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato

3. They are______.

A . woman teachers B. women teachers

C. women teacher D. woman teacher

4. Would you like _______ ,please?

A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water

C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters

5. Most of ______ live in _______.

A. Germans, German B. German, Germen

C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany

6. There are some ______ in these _______.

A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box

C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes

7. ______ like ______ by air.

A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling

C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling

8. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打

片).

A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples

9. There is no ______ in the plate.

A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs

2）.填入所给名词的正确形式

1. I have two_____ (knife)

2. There are many _____ here. (box)

3. There are many _____ on the road. (bus)

4. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy)

5. The _____ are playing football now. (child)

现在分词

16. We slept with the light________ all night long last night.

A. burnt B. to burn C. being burnt D. burning 17. Linda can’t attend the party________ at Tom’s house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party ________ at Marie’s house tomorrow. A. being held; to be held B. to be held; held C. held; being held D. to be held; to be held

18. The situation is more ________than ever. I’m ________about what to do next. A. puzzled; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzling; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling

19. When________ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed.

A. find B. finding C. found D. to find

20. ________her mother had come, her face lit up. A. Hearing B. Having heard C. When hearing D. When she heard

21. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _______fun. (2005，重庆卷) A. had B. have C. to have D. having

22. Don't leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth. (2004天津高考题)

A. run B. running C. being run D. to run

23. The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew. (20xx年春季高考) A.having

hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung 24. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.

A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on (2005 北京卷)

25. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.

A.Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated (2005 湖北卷)

26.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___ in the kitchen. ( 03全国高考题)

A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked

27. He sent me an E-mail, _______ to get further information.(2000上海卷)

A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope

形容词比较级最高级练习题

一、 写出下列单词的反义词

1. hot____ 2.new________3. clean________4. high________5. heavy______ 6.cold_______ 7. bad______

二、 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级

1. old ______ ________ 2. busy _________ __________3. thin ________ ________4. many _________ __________5. slow ________ _______6. delicious _________ _________

三、 用适当形式填空：

1. Bob is _________ ( young ) than Fred but

__________ (tall) than Fred. 2. Yingtian is not as ___________ (tall)

asYongxian. 3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than before . 4. Which is _________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?

5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally? -- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling? -- She' s only 1.40 metres ______ (tall). She is much _______(short) than Sally. She is also

the _______ (short)girlin theclass. 6. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _________ (bad) at English. 7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.

8.He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think.

9. A dictionary is much _________ (expensive) than a story-book.

10. An orange ia a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.

11.Miss Chen is __________ _________than Mr. ______ of the three. A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest Wang. (popular) 12. Mr. Lin ________ ________ _________ Mr. Brown. (sad)

13. The basketball _______ ________ ________ the baseball. (big)

14. Question A _______ ________ _________ ________ Question B. (important)

15. A rose ________ ________ __________ ________ a weed(野草). (beautiful)

16. Toronto is _____ ______ city in Canada. (large)

17. Playing computer games is______ _____ _____ of all the activities.(interesting).

18. The Nile(尼羅河) is ______ ________river in the world. (long)

19. Good health is _______ _______ ________thing life. (important)

20. Taking a taxi is ______ _______ way to get to the airport. (easy)

21. Test 1 is _____ _______ _________of all the tests. （difficult）22. He is ________than any other boy in the class.（clever）

23. She is_______ than all the other students. (young)

24. The window is ________ ________ of the two. (narrow)

25. Where is the ________bus-stop? (near) 26. He is one of ________ ________ _______Politicians. (famous)

27. Tom drives much ________ ________than John. (careful)

28. The white flower is ________(beautiful). The yellow flower is ______ _______ (beautiful)than the white flower. The red flower is the _____ 四、 选择题 1. She is ________ than ________ . A. busier / us B. busier / we C. more busy / us D. more busy / we 2. Jane is ________ than Betty. A. less taller B. less tallest C. less tall D. not as tall 3. China is ________ country in the world. A. the third largest B. the largest third C. the third large D. a third largest 4. -Which is ____ season in Beijing? -I think it's autumn. A.good B.better C.best D.the best 5．- Which is__________ , the sun, the moon or the earth? -- Of course, the moon is. A.small B.smaller C.smallest D.the smallest 6.The air in Beijing is getting much _____ now than a few years ago. A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest 7. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _____ than before.

D. the cheapest 8．I study English as_______as my brother. A.hard B. harder C. hardest 9. Which is _____ , a bicycle or a computer? A. expensive B.more expensive C.the most expensive 10. The Yellow River is one of ______rivers in China. A long B longer C the longest 11.She is the second _______student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest 五、 改错 ( )1. He is thiner than his brother. ____________ ( )2. The pen is the more expensive of all the pens._____________ ( )3. This story is interestinger than that one._____________ ( )4. Her English is gooder than I ._______________ ( )5. He is the stronger intheclass.___________ ( )6. Benny was most excited in the class.________

一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。

读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。

例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces

二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。

读音变化：统一加读[iz]。 例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes

三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories

四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes

反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro→macros（缩写词）

五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。

读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。

例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves

反例：roof→roofs 六、以-us结尾的名词（多为外来词），通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。

读音变化：尾音[Es]改读[ai]，其中[kEs]要改读为[sai]，[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。

例：fungus→fungi; abacus→abaci; focus→foci; cactus→cacti; cestus→cesti

七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。

读音变化：尾音[is]改读[i:z]。

例：axis→axes; basis→bases; naris→nares; hypothesis→hypotheses; restis→restes

八、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices，但有例外。

读音变化：尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。

例：matrix→matrices; directrix→directrices; calix→calices; appendix→appendices 反例：affix→affixes 九、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。

读音变化：去掉鼻尾音[m]。

例：forum→fora; stadium→stadia; aquarium→aquaria; datum→data; vacuum→vacua

十、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍-e。

读音变化：尾音[E]改读[i:]。

例：larva→larvae; formula→formulae; ala→alae; media→mediae; hydra→hydrae

十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。

读音变化：保持原音。

例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon

十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。 读音变化：没有规律。

例：man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen

十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：

例：ox→oxen; child→children; brother→brethren

trousers长裤; wages工资 十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,

才能变成复数词

例：analysis→analyses分析; basis

→bases基础; datum→data数据;

foot→feet;

formula→formulae/formulas公式;

goose→geese; louse→lice虱子;

man→men

mouse→mice; medium→

media/mediums媒介; memorandum→

memoranda/memorandums备忘录;

parenthesis→parentheses 圆括号;

phenomenon→phenomena现象;

radius→radii 半径

tooth→teeth; woman→women

十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的

例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep;

salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼

十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但

出现次数多的总是单数词

例：abscence; clothing; film; help;

furniture家具; machinery机械;

news; scenery风景; sugar;

traffic交通

十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的

机会较多

例：bellows风箱; clothes; police;

shorts短裤; scissors剪刀;

spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀 十八、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示 例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父 man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰; maid-servant→maid-servants step-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law 十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 二十、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思， 例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼 二十一、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters